Downtown Cleveland is bounded by Lake Erie to the north, the Cuyahoga Valley to the west, and Interstate 90 to the south and east.[4][5] It encompasses several subdistricts, and its diverse architecture includes the Cleveland Mall, one of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the United States.[6] Downtown's residential population has grown significantly since the 2000s and especially 2010s, registering the largest population growth, by percentage, of any Cleveland neighborhood over that time.[7]
Terminal Tower at night from Public Square during Winterfest Cleveland
Christmas shoppers on Euclid Avenue and Ontario Street in the 1950s
The heart of downtown, Public Square was laid out by city founder Moses Cleaveland in 1796 and has remained largely unchanged.[8] Based on the New Englandtown square, it consists of a large open space, cut into quadrants by Ontario Street and Superior Avenue.[3][9] Public Square is the symbolic heart of the city, and has hosted presidents, vast congregations of people, and a free annual 4th of July concert by the Cleveland Orchestra. At one time, Public Square was fenced off and inaccessible to vehicles.[9]
Key Tower is the tallest skyscraper in the Midwest outside of Chicago
Parade spectators at Public Square, 1910
In 1860, the Perry Monument, a memorial to Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry's victory in the Battle of Lake Erie in the War of 1812, was dedicated in the center of Public Square. In 1892, it was moved out of the square, which by then had the fences removed after lobbying by commercial interests.[10] Public Square is also home to the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, which commemorates residents of Cuyahoga County who served in the Civil War. Public Square also features a statue of Cleaveland; a statue of Tom L. Johnson, the city's most famous mayor; a large amount of shrubbery and other landscaping; and a large public fountain.[9] The Consulate-General of Slovenia in Cleveland (formerly the Consulate-General of Yugoslavia in the city) is located in the 55 Public Square building.[11]
Notable buildings on Public Square include the Terminal Tower,[12] home to Tower City Center,[13] 200 Public Square - the former BP Building (renamed in 2005),[14] as well as Key Tower, the tallest building in Ohio and one of the tallest in the United States.[15] Public Square is also home to the historic Old Stone Church,[16] completed in 1855. The west side of Public Square was to become the headquarters of the Cleveland Trust Company, then called Ameritrust, but the project was cancelled after Ameritrust was purchased and merged into Key Bank, leaving that side of the square open to this day, with only a surface parking lot on the site.[17]
In the golden age of department store retail from the late 19th century to the 1980s, Cleveland's major stores extended from Public Square east along Euclid Avenue. They included Higbee's, Bailey's, the May Company, Taylor's, Halle's, and Sterling Lindner Davis, which collectively represented one of the largest and most fashionable shopping districts in the country, often compared to New York's Fifth Avenue.[18] Today, the buildings of the May Company, Taylor's, and Halle's are popular downtown apartment complexes, while the Higbee's building has been home to the Jack Cleveland Casino since 2012.[19]
East 4th Street is a popular restaurant and entertainment street adjacent to Prospect Avenue, Cleveland's historic "Radio Row." East 4th encompasses Cleveland's House of Blues, Iron ChefMichael Symon's Mabel's BBQ, comedy club/restaurant Pickwick and Frolic, as well as a dozen other dining and retail storefronts. The neighborhood is home to hundreds of residents who live in the apartments and loft condominiums above the storefronts.[25] East 4th is also adjacent to the historic Cleveland Arcade, the first indoor shopping mall in the United States, built in 1890.[26]
Originally an early residential neighborhood, the Warehouse District was built into a warehousing and shipping neighborhood during the industrial rise of Cleveland,[27] Within the past few decades, it has been converted again back into an entertainment, dining, and residential hub. The Warehouse District is the largest downtown neighborhood by population, and continues to grow with an assortment of shops, clubs, bars, and loft condos/apartments.[28] West Sixth Street is known as the heart of the district. Famously, the 17-story Rockefeller Building sits on the corner West Sixth and Superior Ave erected by John D. Rockefeller.
Home to the second-largest performing arts complex in the U.S.,[29]Playhouse Square is downtown's cultural heart. The area is dominated by five historic theaters built during the 1920s – State, Palace, Allen, Hanna, and Ohio theaters are all located in a cluster near the intersection of Euclid Avenue and E. 14th Street.[30] Additionally, the smaller theaters include the 14th Street Theater, Kennedy's Theater, Westfield Insurance Studio Theater, Second Stage, and Helen Rosenfeld Lewis Bialosky Lab Theatre.[31]
Ideastream Public Media teamed up with Playhouse Square to renovate the former Playhouse Square Building, transforming it from an empty office building to One Playhouse Square, a downtown broadcast headquarters.[32] Now known as the Idea Center, the facility includes high definition television studios, control rooms, radio studios, and performance space fronting Euclid Avenue, as well as a variety of high-tech business startups and other tenants located on the building's upper floors.[33] Since 2005, Ideastream's broadcast properties have been located at the Idea Center; this includes PBS station WVIZ (channel 25), NPR member WKSU (89.7FM) and classical music/jazz outlet WCLV (90.3FM). WKSU also is relayed over a regional network, including WCPN (104.9FM). Residents of the district also include Cleveland Playhouse and Cleveland State University performing arts.
In spring 2014, a $16 million outdoor streetscape transformation was completed. Focusing primarily on lighting and signage, a centerpiece of a 4,600-piece LED crystal chandelier hangs over the Euclid Avenue and East 14th Street intersection 24-feet off the ground. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, it is the largest outdoor chandelier in the world.[34] Other additions include four gateway signs spanning entry points, a large 1920s-era "Playhouse Square" sign at East 13th Street and Euclid Avenue intersection, a fire pit at Star Plaza, a 28-foot-tall digital display, and architectural lighting to show off details of the historic buildings.[35]
Cleveland's financial district, the area around East 9th street from Lake Erie south to Prospect Avenue, serves as corporate or regional home to many firms in the financial, business, legal, communications and publishing sectors of the city's economy.
Architecturally, the area is characterized by large, glass office towers built predominately in the 1950s to 1980s. The tallest is Erieview Tower at 40-stories, the centerpiece of the largely unbuilt Erieview Urban Renewal Project of the 1960s. The Galleria was added to the tower in the 1980s originally as a shopping mall, but today serves as a mix of small stores, office space, gardens under the glass, radio headquarters, and a food court. The 31-story One Cleveland Center is nicknamed the "silver chisel" due to its distinct shape.[46] The seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland, the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist, is located at the heart of the district on E.9th.[47] There is a large cluster of high-rise downtown housing in this area, largely concentrated in the East 12th Street area.
Alexander Mann's U.S. headquarters and Medical Mutual headquarters are present here. The City Club of Cleveland is housed in the City Club Building, which is at the corner of East Ninth and Euclid.
Short Vincent, located between East 6th and East 9th Street, is short street that once served as one of Cleveland's major entertainment districts and a center for the city's nightlife.[50][51] Densely packed with restaurants, dive bars, jazz clubs, and bounded by the risqué Roxy Burlesque Theater and the art deco Bond Clothing Store, the district first emerged in the late 1920s and reached its height in the 1940s and 1950s.[52]
Short Vincent became the "gathering place for gamblers, sports figures, racketeers, lawyers, and newspapermen" and "offered good food, underworld gossip, and the odds on anything."[52] The street's Theatrical Grill served as the "headquarters" for notorious mobster Shondor Birns, but also hosted visiting celebrities such as Frank Sinatra, Marilyn Monroe, Dean Martin, Lauren Bacall, Tony Bennett, Judy Garland, and Milton Berle, among many others.[53] Mobster Danny Greene and boxing promoter Don King were also regulars on the Short Vincent. The north side of the street was considered the "respectable" side, while the south side was a center for the numbers racket and was "studded with girlie shows."[52] The pavement between the two sides "was referred to as the Gaza Strip."[52]
The area fell into decline by the 1960s and 1970s and disappeared as an entertainment district with the expansion of National City Bank (today the PNC Center) and the demolition of long-time Short Vincent establishments in the late 1970s.[50]
North Coast Harbor
Cleveland's North Coast Harbor and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
School of Communication at CSU with the Rhodes Tower in background
The Campus District is a 500-acre (2.0km2) downtown Cleveland neighborhood just east of the central business district. The district is bordered by Lakeside Avenue to the north, Broadway Avenue to the south, East 17th Street to the west and East 30th Street to the east.[63] Members of the Campus District include Cleveland State University, St. Vincent Charity Medical Center, Cuyahoga Community College and more.
Cleveland State University has in past years been derided as an open enrollment commuter school, but has moved to dispel that belief. The university is progressing through a master plan[64] to raise standards, enrollment, and rebuild its fortress-like campus. CSU plans to build a college town adjacent to downtown, including new retail, restaurants and housing to serve an increase of resident students planned to be in the thousands.[64]
The university's desire to attract more traditional college students and begin to raise its stature as a research university figure into these plans a great deal, and CSU opened its second residence hall, a complete retrofit of Fenn Tower, in the fall of 2006. Over the past decade, CSU has partnered with the city and other area stakeholders to transfer technology research into startup companies and enterprises, improving the economy of the area and stimulating downtown life in the Quadrangle.[65] As part of CSU, the Wolstein Center, formerly the CSU Convocation Center, is located in the Campus District, and serves as the home of CSU Men's Basketball and various concerts and special events throughout the year.[66]
Superior Arts District
The Tower Press Building in the Superior Arts District
Located north of Campus District is the Superior Arts District.[67] The district once served as the center of Cleveland's garment industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, "second only to New York."[68] However, as Cleveland's garment industry declined, many of the district's buildings became vacant and abandoned.[68]
Bruce Madorsky and Dan "Daffy Dan" Gray were the first to see the potential in developing the area. Beginning in the 2010s, Madorsky and Gray began selling their investments in the district, creating the conditions for additional revitalization.[68] In 2016, the Superior Arts District was formally split from the Campus District to "promote safety, growth, and vitality" in the area.[67] Today, the mixed use area serves as a live-work district for local artists, and includes several apartments, bars, restaurants, and cafes.[69]
The Cuyahoga River splits The Flats into two halves: the East Bank of the Flats and the West Bank of the Flats. Although the Cleveland City Planning Commission considers most of the area to be part of the Cuyahoga Valley neighborhood, it also defines part of the East Bank as an extension of Downtown.[5] Historically significant, the Flats served as the location of Moses Cleaveland's first landing when he founded the city.[3] It was also the location of some of the earliest populations of Cleveland. Lorenzo Carter, the first permanent European settler in the city, built his cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga in the Flats.[70]
Throughout much of Cleveland history, the Flats area was almost entirely industrial. By the 1980s, it had become a popular nightlife district in Cleveland. Its demise in the early 2000s spurred a complete redevelopment where a majority of the existing buildings were demolished. In its place, an 8-story Aloft Hotel and a 21-story office tower were built. Restaurants, apartments, and a riverside promenade are planned for Phase II of this mixed-use project.[71] The West Bank of the Flats contains the majority of the district's residential population, primary stemming from a set of apartments and condos known as Stonebridge. The areas also boasts bars, restaurants, jet ski rental, strip clubs, and, most recently, the home of the Greater Cleveland Aquarium. The current state of the Flats is in mixed-use redevelopment.
In December 2020, Crain's Cleveland Business estimated Downtown's population to be 20,000.[72] According to the 2020 census, there are 7,244 occupied units in Downtown out of a total 9,569 units, which is a 75.7% occupancy rate and, despite Crain's optimistic numbers, the census also reports 13,338 people living in the Downtown area.[73] The demographic composition of Downtown in 2020 was 53.1% white, 32% African American, 10.1% Asian and Pacific Islander, and 4.9% mixed and other groups. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 5.3% of the population.[1] The median household income was $54,834.[1] Downtown's foreign-born population was 17.2% in 2019.[74]
Recent developments and projects
This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(June 2021)
Reinvestment in the area in the mid-1990s spurred a rebirth in Downtown. Between 2010 and 2014, Downtown Cleveland saw more than $4.5 billion in residential and commercial developments.[75] As of 2000, 100,000 people worked in the district,[76] which in 2012 contained more than 16 million square feet of rentable office space.[77]
Euclid Corridor
Cleveland skyline looking east from Terminal Tower observation deck
The $197 million Euclid Corridor Transportation Project connected downtown, Midtown, and University Circle by introducing bus rapid transit (BRT) to the city in the form of the HealthLine. The project involved a total reconstruction of Euclid Avenue from Public Square to beyond University Circle (located approximately 4 miles (6.4km) east of downtown), and included bus-only lanes with center-median station boarding, priority signaling, and fast commute times. In addition to transit and road improvements, the transportation project also invested heavily in the Euclid Avenue streetscape, rebuilding the street from storefront to storefront, removing old vaults and streetcar tracks, and building new sidewalks, lighting, and landscaping.[78]
The project included a large public arts component, with different areas of the Euclid Corridor route being addressed by local and national artists.[79] The project is expected to spur investments in residential, retail, office, and mixed-use redevelopments, including over 4,000 residential units along the corridor. In addition to the BRT line, the Downtown Cleveland Alliance funded a study on retail feasibility on the avenue, focusing on the area between CSU and Public Square.[80]
A $465 million Global Center for Health Innovation, previously known as the Medical Mart, and Cleveland Convention Center opened in the summer of 2013. The 1.1-million-square-foot campus consists of a 235,000-square-foot Global Center for Health Innovation and a 750,000-square-foot Convention Center. The LEED Silver-certified Convention Center includes a 225,928-square-foot exhibit hall divisible into three halls, as well as 46,166 square feet of total ballroom space, made up of three grand ballrooms totaling 32,193 square feet and two junior ballrooms totaling 10,937 square feet. Views of Lake Erie from a 9,520-square-foot patio completes the northern border of the complex.[81] The project was funded by a 0.25 percent increase in Cuyahoga County sales tax. Permanent tenants include Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, Philips Healthcare, GE Healthcare, Johnson Controls, the Cleveland Clinic, and University Hospitals.[82]
Flats East Bank
A multiphase, $500 million mixed-use redevelopment along the East Bank of the Flats is being developed and financed by the Wolstein Group and Fairmount Properties.
Opening in June 2013, the $275 million first phase included a 23-story office tower, 8-story Aloft hotel, restaurants, and a 16,000 sq. ft. health club, The office tower has been named the "Ernst and Young building." The two anchor tenants include the law firm Tucker Ellis and West, and the largest tenant, Ernst and Young. The 450,000 sq. ft. office tower is all Class A office space and features a green, open-air rooftop terrace.[83]
Two Waterfront LineRapid stations, Settlers Landing station and Main Avenue station received $375,000 upgrades. Work at both stations includes replacing brick and concrete pavers, repairing the glass shelters, and demolishing ticket booths. At Settlers Landing, crews will restore eight etched glass panels that act as wind screens. The artwork depicts scenes of Cleveland's settlement and the evolution of transportation.[84]
Flats West Bank
The Greater Cleveland Aquarium
A $33 million Greater Cleveland Aquarium opened on Jan 21, 2012, located at the FirstEnergy Powerhouse as the only freestanding aquarium in the state of Ohio. The aquarium takes up 70,000 square feet in the powerhouse's basement and contains over a million gallons of water in 42 tanks. The main feature of the aquarium is Marinescape's Seatube®, a 145-foot-long clear tunnel, known as a Seatube. The attraction was constructed around the building's architectural characteristics—including its smokestacks, columns and narrow hallways. Developers were not allowed to modify the structure or paint some walls because the old complex is on the National Register of Historic Places.[85] The Greater Cleveland Aquarium was the first in the United States by New Zealand-based developer Marinescape NZ Ltd., who has built more than 20 aquariums in Europe, Asia, and Australia.[86]
Jacobs Pavilion at Nautica is a 5000-seat outdoor amphitheater. In 2012, it underwent in $1 million upgrade that included a new entrance constructed 200 feet north of the old one, creating space for an expanded riverfront plaza. Other upgrades included new brick pavement for the plaza and new fencing.[87]
In the fall of 2010, the Trust for Public Land and the Cleveland Rowing Foundation successfully purchased seven acres of commercial riverfront land for $3.2 million. The partnership is converting the vacant concrete-covered site into Rivergate Park, a new recreational center in the Flats. Officially opened in May 2011, the park preserves public access to the Cuyahoga River for access to activities including kayaking, canoeing, rowing and dragon boating. Long-term plans include a canoe/kayak launch facility, concessions, and public restrooms. Cleveland Metroparks will replace the concrete and gravel on their land and replace it with grass, trees and other park amenities.[88]
Cleveland's Crooked River Skate Park will be built on 15,000 square feet of city owned land. It is located along the river and adjacent to the Cleveland Metroparks new Rivergate Park. The total cost is projected to be $758,000. Groundbreaking will occur in 2013.[89]
Cleveland State University expansion
CSU's campus continues to undergo a $500 million expansion. Recently completed projects include a new Student Center ($55 million),[90] Euclid Commons Dorms (5 buildings costing $60 million),[91] "College Town" (373 new residential units),[92] Middough Building ($20 million)[93] and College of Education and Human Services Building ($37 million).[94]
Upcoming projects include converting the Mather Mansion into a boutique hotel[95] and the construction of a $45 million Center for Innovation in Health Professions.[96]
One block north of campus along Chester Ave, the privately developed Langston Apartments will add over 300 apartments units. The $54 million project opened Phase I in 2012, with Phase II opening in 2013.[97]
Completed projects
The corner of Euclid Ave. and East Ninth Street shows the Cleveland Trust Company Building, 1010 Euclid Ave., and the base the Ameritrust Tower
Relocation of the Cuyahoga County Administrative Headquarters, being developed by Geis Company, is spurring a $200 million mixed-use development at the corner of Euclid Avenue and East Ninth Street. The properties involved include the 29-story Ameritrust Tower, the attached 1010 Euclid Avenue building, the historic Cleveland Trust Company Building, and the so-called "P and H" buildings, located on the Prospect Avenue side of the complex. Additionally, two parking garages on the south side of Prospect Ave along East Ninth Street will anchor the parking aspect.
The P and H buildings will be razed and the site will become the home of a new, eight-story Cuyahoga County headquarters building, in which the county will lease for 26 years. Building size is expected to be 220,000 square feet.
The plan calls for creating 210 high-end apartments in the former office tower and part of the building at 1010 Euclid, although portions of the building will be retained as office space in case the county needs to expand in the future.[98] A proposed hotel on the lower floors of the 29-story tower is being considered.[99] Since 2015, the Cleveland Trust Company Rotunda and 1010 Euclid Avenue ground floor has housed a full-service Heinen's grocery store for downtown residents.[100]
Residential developments
The Avenue District in June 2010
Downtown Cleveland had the largest percent population growth in the 2010 Census for the entire city of Cleveland. Conversion of old office space into residential is causing the population to continue to climb, along with some new construction—totaling over 1500 additional new units.
Hotels
Located in the east bank of the Flats, the 150-room Aloft Hotels-branded hotel opened in the summer 2013. The hotel is part of a $500 million mixed-used project known as the Flats East Bank. A $64 million renovation and new branding of the 484-room Westin Hotel was completed Spring 2014.[101]
The 600-room Hilton Cleveland Downtown Hotel convention center hotel opened in June 2016. A $272 million project, the new construction of a 28-story tower atop a 4-story podium sits along the Mall next door to the Global Center for Health Innovation.[102]Marriott is incorporating a 156-room Autograph Collection brand into the Ameritrust complex mixed-use design with an expected completion of 2015.[103] Also expected to open 2015 and 2016 are the Schofield Building into a 122-room Kimpton hotel[104] and the John Hartness Brown Building into a 206-room Le Meridien[105]
The lakefront continually sees city proposals for expansion and construction, but no major construction has occurred since the late 1990s, aside from the $17 million Coast Guard administrative building that opened in 2012.[108]
Cleveland's most recent Downtown Cleveland Lakefront Plan, released April 2012, is a mixed-use development between West 3rd and East 18th streets defining focus on three geographic areas. North Coast Harbor infill development proposes new commercial development along arcades and walkways connecting FirstEnergy Stadium, Great Lakes Science Center, and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with the Global Center for Health Innovation and Convention Center. Harbor West is to be a new mixed-use development between Erieside Avenue and the water's edge north of FirstEnergy Stadium, and the Great Lakes Science Center. Burke Development District proposes a self-contained office campus between East 9th and East 18th Streets south and west of Burke Lakefront Airport. Building code height restrictions are in place due to the close proximity to Burke Lakefront Airport.
Two projects completed in 2013 include a 53 - ship marina along the East Ninth Street pier and a $5.5 million Miguel Rosales-designed pedestrian bridge connecting Voinovich Bicentennial Park to the west end of the North Coast Harbor Walkway.[109]
Related Research Articles
Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located along the southern shore of Lake Erie, it is situated across the Canada–United States maritime border and lies approximately 60 mi (97 km) west of Pennsylvania. Cleveland is the most populous city on Lake Erie, the second-most populous city in Ohio, and the 54th-most populous city in the U.S. with a population of 372,624 in 2020. The city anchors the Cleveland metropolitan area, the 33rd-largest in the U.S. at 2.18 million residents, as well as the larger Cleveland–Akron–Canton combined statistical area with 3.63 million residents.
Cuyahoga County is a large urban county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. The county seat and largest city is Cleveland. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,264,817, making it the second-most populous county in the state.
Lakewood is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, on the southern shore of Lake Erie. Established in 1889, it is one of Cleveland's historical streetcar suburbs and part of the Cleveland metropolitan area. The population was 50,942 at the 2020 census, making it the third largest city in Cuyahoga County, behind Cleveland and Parma.
The Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority is the public transit agency for Cleveland, Ohio, United States and the surrounding suburbs of Cuyahoga County. RTA is the largest transit agency in Ohio, with a ridership of 22,431,500, or about 78,200 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2024.
Euclid Avenue is a major street in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It runs northeasterly from Public Square in Downtown Cleveland, passing Playhouse Square and Cleveland State University, to University Circle, the Cleveland Clinic, Severance Hall, Case Western Reserve University's Maltz Performing Arts Center, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center. The street runs through the suburbs of East Cleveland, Euclid, and Wickliffe, to Willoughby as a part of U.S. Route 20 and U.S. Route 6. The HealthLine bus rapid transit line runs in designated bus lanes in the median of Euclid Avenue from Public Square to Louis Stokes Station at Windermere in East Cleveland.
Playhouse Square is a theater district in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It is the largest performing arts center in the US outside of New York City. Constructed in a span of 19 months in the early 1920s, the theaters became a major entertainment hub for the city for much of the 20th century. However, by the late 1960s, the district had fallen into decline and its theaters had closed down. In the 1970s, the district was revived through a grassroots effort that helped usher in a new era of downtown revitalization. For this reason, the revival of Playhouse Square is often locally referred to as being "one of the top ten successes in Cleveland history."
The 9 Cleveland is a residential and commercial complex located in Downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States, at the corner of East Ninth Street and Euclid Avenue. It includes three buildings, the largest of which is a 29-story, 383 feet (117 m) tower commonly known by its previous name of Ameritrust Tower and formerly known as the Cleveland Trust Tower. The tower was completed in 1971 and is an example of brutalist architecture, the only high-rise building designed by Marcel Breuer and Hamilton Smith. The complex also includes the adjacent Cleveland Trust Company Building, completed in 1908, and the Swetland Building.
Public Square is the central plaza of Downtown Cleveland, Ohio. Based on an 18th-century New England model, it was part of the original 1796 town plat overseen by city founder General Moses Cleaveland of the Connecticut Land Company. The historical center of the city's downtown, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
The Cleveland Mall is a landscaped public park in downtown Cleveland, Ohio. One of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the United States, the park is a historic site listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Standard Building,, is a high-rise apartment building located at the southwest corner of Ontario Street and St. Clair Avenue in downtown Cleveland, Ohio. Rising to a height of 282 feet, the Standard Building was the second tallest building in Cleveland when it was completed in 1925. Its north and east facades are clad in cream-colored terra cotta with a recurring starburst motif. The south face, which can be seen from Public Square, is unadorned and windowless. It was designed by Knox and Elliot architects, and was built for $7 million. It was built by the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen who owned the building until 2014, when it was sold to Weston, Inc.
This article is a timeline of the history of the city of Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
The Campus District is a Downtown Cleveland, Ohio district that includes the campuses of Cleveland State University, St. Vincent Charity Medical Center, and the Cuyahoga Community College (Tri-C) Metro Campus. Definitions of the district vary. According to the Cleveland City Planning Commission, the district is bounded by Payne Avenue to the north, East 17th Street to the west, and Interstate 90 to the south and east, forming the boundary between Downtown and Cleveland's Central neighborhood. However, the Campus District association places the western boundary of the district to East 18th Street and the eastern boundary further east, to East 30th Street, including Tri-C, with Interstate 77 to the south.
The Civic Center is a mostly governmental district in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, that is home to the 1916 erected Cleveland City Hall Building. The 1925 Cleveland Public Library main branch, the 1976 massive Cuyahoga County Justice Center, the 419 foot Anthony J. Celebrezze Federal Building, the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, the historic Cuyahoga County Courthouse, the Cleveland Public Hall, the Howard M. Metzenbaum U.S. Courthouse which abuts Public Square, and the city-owned greenspace Willard Park which is home to the Free Stamp.
The Nine-Twelve District is a major area of downtown Cleveland, in the U.S. state of Ohio, that is the re-branding of the former Financial District of Cleveland. This re-branding has largely been championed by the Downtown Cleveland Alliance. The name refers to the two major commercial avenues between which the district lies, East 9th Street and East 12th Street, with Lakeside Avenue and Euclid Avenue serving as the northern and southern boundaries, respectively. This revamping and reboot of the Cleveland Central Business District has occurred because property and business owners demanded more investment in the central area. The district is home to the newly expanded Cuyahoga County Headquarters.
The Cleveland Trust Company Building is a 1907 building designed by George B. Post and located at the intersection of East 9th Street and Euclid Avenue in downtown Cleveland's Nine-Twelve District. The building is a mix of Beaux-Arts, Neoclassical, and Renaissance Revival architectural styles. It features a glass-enclosed rotunda, a tympanum sculpture, and interior murals.
Superior Avenue is the main wide thoroughfare and part of U.S. Route 6 in Ohio in Downtown Cleveland, the largest and most populated city of Northeast Ohio. Superior runs through the central hub of Cleveland, Public Square. However, the only traffic that can go through the square is bus, bike, and pedestrian transportation. In 2016, the city of Cleveland completed renovation of the Public Square green space and it was decided that no civilian vehicular traffic should be allowed to traverse the park area. Public Square is the "hub" because all of the main streets in downtown jut out from this central greenery. To the east and west, Superior, to the north and south Ontario Street as all the north–south roads are Streets in Cleveland (which goes back to the 1906 Street Plan Decision, and diagonally to the southwest, Euclid Avenue.
The Halle Building, formerly known as the Pope Building and after 2014 as The Residences at Halle, is an 11-story Chicago School mixed-use structure located in the Downtown Cleveland central business district in Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. Designed by architect Henry Bacon, the building was the flagship department store of the Halle Brothers Co. from 1910 to 1982.
The Lumen is a high-rise apartment building in the Playhouse Square district of downtown Cleveland, Ohio. Completed in 2020, the 34-story, 396-foot (121 m) tower sits at the southwest corner of Euclid Avenue and East 17th Street, adjacent to the Hanna Building and across Euclid from the Keith Building. It is the second new apartment building built in downtown Cleveland since the 1970s, following the construction of The Beacon in 2019.
The transportation system of Cleveland is a network that includes several modes of transportation including sidewalks, roads, public transit, bicycle paths and regional and international airports.
↑ Miller, Carol Poh; Wheeler, Robert A. (1997). Cleveland: A Concise History, 1796–1996 (2nded.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p.7. ISBN978-025321147-7.
1 2 Dutka, Alan F. (2012). Cleveland's Short Vincent: The Theatrical Grill and its Notorious Neighbors. Cleveland: Cleveland Landmarks Press. pp.8–25. ISBN9780936760322.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
