The Chinese Communist Party (CCP),officially the Communist Party of China (CPC),is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong,the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil War against the Kuomintang. In 1949,Mao proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China. Since then,the CCP has governed China and has had sole control over the People's Liberation Army (PLA). Successive leaders of the CCP have added their own theories to the party's constitution,which outlines the party's ideology,collectively referred to as socialism with Chinese characteristics. As of 2023,the CCP has more than 98 million members,making it the second largest political party by membership in the world after India's Bharatiya Janata Party.
Hu Yaobang was a Chinese politician who was a high-ranking official of the People's Republic of China. He held the top office of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1981 to 1987,first as Chairman from 1981 to 1982,then as General Secretary from 1982 to 1987. After the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976),Hu rose to prominence as a close ally of Deng Xiaoping,the paramount leader of China at the time.
The State Flag of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,or simply the Soviet flag,was a red banner with two communist symbols displayed in the canton:a gold hammer and sickle topped off by a red five-point star bordered in gold. The flag's design and symbolism are derived from several sources,but emerged during the Russian Revolution. It has also come to serve as the standard symbol representing communism as a whole,recognized as such in international circles,even after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
The national flag of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea,also known as the Ramhongsaek Konghwagukgi,consists of a central red panel,bordered both above and below by a narrow white stripe and a broad blue stripe. The central red panel bears a five-pointed red star within a white circle near the hoist.
The hammer and sickle is a communist symbol representing proletarian solidarity between agricultural and industrial workers. It was first adopted during the Russian Revolution at the end of World War I,the hammer representing workers and the sickle representing the peasants.
In politics,a red flag is predominantly a symbol of left-wing politics,including socialism,communism,Marxism,labour movement,and anarchism. The originally empty or plain red flag has been associated with left-wing politics since the French Revolution (1789–1799).
The State flag of Belarus is a red-green bicolour with a red-on-white ornament pattern placed at the hoist (staff) end. The current design was introduced in 2012 by the State Committee for Standardisation of the Republic of Belarus,and is adapted from a design approved in a May 1995 referendum. It is a modification of the 1951 flag used while the country was a republic of the Soviet Union. Changes made to the Soviet-era flag were the removal of communist symbols –the hammer and sickle and the red star –as well as the reversal of the colours in the ornament pattern. Since the 1995 referendum,several flags used by Belarusian government officials and agencies have been modelled on this national flag.
The National Emblem of the People's Republic of China is a national symbol of the People's Republic of China and contains in a red circle a representation of Tiananmen Gate,the entrance gate to the Forbidden City,where Mao Zedong declared the foundation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. Above this representation are the five stars found on the national flag. The largest star represents the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),while the four smaller stars represent the four social classes as defined in Maoism. The emblem is described as being "composed of patterns of the national flag":
...The red color of the flag symbolizes revolution and the yellow color of the stars the golden brilliant rays radiating from the vast red land. The design of four smaller stars surrounding a bigger one signifies the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC).
—China Yearbook 2004
The flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted by the Turkmen SSR on August 1,1953. Although similar to the Flag of the Soviet Union,the layout is identical to the flag of the Kirghiz SSR with a ratio of 1:2. The two blue stripes between the red represents the rivers Amu Darya and Syr Darya,the red represents the "revolutionary struggle of the working masses",the hammer and sickle represents the peasants' and workers' union,and the red star is the symbol of the ruling Communist Party.
A red star,five-pointed and filled,is a symbol that has often historically been associated with communist ideology,particularly in combination with the hammer and sickle,but is also used as a purely socialist symbol in the 21st century. It has been widely used in flags,state emblems,monuments,ornaments,and logos.
Wan Li was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and politician. During a long administrative career in the People's Republic of China,he served successively as Vice Premier,Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC),and a member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Secretariat and its Politburo. Wan joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1936 and led revolutionary and wartime resistance activities in his native Shandong province. After the founding of the communist state in 1949,Wan served in a series of government ministries,then worked as a member of the municipal leadership in Beijing. He was purged during the Cultural Revolution,but was eventually rehabilitated and returned to work as party chief of Anhui province,where he led the implementation of successful agrarian reforms centered on the household-responsibility system. In the 1980s,Wan became one of the leading moderate reformers in China's top leadership,advocating for constitutional reforms,the strengthening of legislative institutions,and the abolition of 'lifelong-terms' of top political leaders. He was named head of the national legislature in 1988. He retired in 1993.
Zeng Liansong was a Chinese supply chain manager and a secret agent of the Chinese Communist Party. He was the designer of the National Flag of the People's Republic of China. He also served as the deputy manager of the Shanghai City Daily Necessities Company and a member of the CPPCC Shanghai Committee.
The coat of arms of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted on 10 February 1941 by the government of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. The coat of arms is based on the coat of arms of the Soviet Union. It shows symbols of agriculture,an outer rim featuring wheat,corn,grapes and clover. The red banner bears the Soviet Union state motto in both the Romanian language and the Russian language. In Romanian,it was initially "Пролетарьдинтоатецэриле,униць-вэ!";then,from the 1950s "Пролетарьдинтоатецэриле,уници-вэ!". Both are written in the Latin alphabet as "Proletari din toate țările,uniți-vă!". The acronym MSSR is shown only in Romanian in Moldovan Cyrillic ("РССМ"). The emblem was replaced on 3 November 1990 by the present coat of arms of Moldova. Currently,the unrecognized breakaway state of Transnistria uses a similar state emblem.
The coat of arms of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast is the official coat of arms of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in Russia. The coat of arms consists of an Amur tiger standing on four legs with the tail and the head turned upwards,of which the latter is facing the observer. This specific position and occurrence of the Amur tiger in the coat of arms symbolizes the history and development of the Oblast. The coat is a heraldic French shield and the background represents the color of the geographical characteristics of the Russian Far East;which includes taigas,hills,and meadows.
PLA Day,also known as Army Day,is a professional military holiday celebrated annually by the People's Liberation Army (PLA),the armed forces of the People's Republic of China,on 1 August. It commemorates of the founding of the PLA during the 1927 Nanchang Uprising. Six years later,on 30 June 1933,the Communist Party of China (CPC)'s Central Committee for Military Revolutionary Cases voted to declare 1 August an annual holiday,being solidified later on 11 July by the government of the Chinese Soviet Republic.
The national flag of the People's Republic of China,also known as the Five-star Red Flag,is a Chinese red field with five golden stars charged at the canton. The design features one large star,with four smaller stars in an arc set off towards the fly. It has been the national flag of China since the foundation of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949. The flag was designed by Zeng Liansong.
The Young Pioneers of China,often shortened to the Young Pioneers and sometimes translated into English as Red Pioneers,is a mass youth organization for children aged six to fourteen in the People's Republic of China. The Young Pioneers of China is run by the Communist Youth League,an organization of older youth that comes under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The Young Pioneers of China is similar to Pioneer Movements that exist or existed in many Communist countries around the world.
Communist symbolism represents a variety of themes,including revolution,the proletariat,the peasantry,agriculture,or international solidarity. The red flag,the hammer and sickle and the red star or variations thereof are some of the symbols adopted by communist movements,governments,and parties worldwide.
Communist symbols have been banned,in part or in whole,by a number of the world's countries. As part of a broader process of decommunization,these bans have mostly been proposed or implemented in countries that belonged to the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War,including some post-Soviet states. In some countries,the bans also extend to prohibit the propagation of communism in any form,with varying punishments applied to violators. Though the bans imposed by these countries nominally target the communist ideology,they may be accompanied by popular anti-leftist sentiment and therefore a de facto ban on all leftist philosophies,such as socialism,while not explicitly passing legislation to ban them.
Celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party,or the Centennial of the Chinese Communist Party,were held on 1 July 2021 in Beijing to celebrate the centennial of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),which has been the sole governing political party of the People's Republic of China (PRC) since 1949. CCP General Secretary Xi Jinping,as the guest of honor,delivered a speech and presented the Order of July the First order of honour to CCP members who have made significant contributions. Premier Li Keqiang served as the official host of the event.
