English whisky

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English whisky
Glass of whiskey (4392174696).jpg
Type Distilled beverage
Manufacturer61 distilleries
DistributorVarious distributors [a]
Country of origin  England
Region of origin9 regions across England
Introduced1636 [b]
Revival
2003;22 years ago (2003) [c]
Discontinued1905
Alcohol by volume  40% [4] – 70.2% [5]
Proof (US) 80° – 136° [6]
Colour Pale yellow to Caramel
Flavoursweet, savours, spicy, smoky
Ingredients Malt, Grains, Water
VariantsTypes
Malt, Grain, Bourbon-style [d]
Styles
single malt, blended, triple, single cask, small batch, peated, cask strength
Related products Scotch, Irish, Welsh
Website EWG [8]

English whisky (whiskey) [e] is a liquor produced in England from malt, grains and water. [11] [12] It includes malt and grain whisky and is divided into single or blended. [13]

Contents

English whisky, part of new world whisky category [14] is represented by a trade body called the English Whisky Guild. [15] As of 2025 there are 24 English whisky brands including Ad Gerfrin, Adnams, Cotswolds, Lakes, Oxford Rye, Sacred Spirits and English Whisky Co. [16] The oldest released bottle of English whisky is The English Founders Private Cellar 16 Years Old Port Cask. [17]

History

In 1636 the Worshipful Company of Distillers was granted a charter to produce spirits, including whisky. [18]

Mayerne The Distiller of London 1639 tp.jpg
The Distiller of London title page

In 1825, the Chancellor of the Exchequer reduced the duty on alcohol and permitted distillers to sell directly to the public. The government believed this would encourage distillers to produce higher quality spirits, eliminating the dangerous rectification process which involves removing impurities from the spirit. These changes were expected to bolster distillers' prosperity and to generate revenue for the Treasury. The reduction in alcohol duty led to a near doubling of English spirit consumption and solidified England's reputation for distilling excellence. [19] [20] Coupled with the introduction of cask-aged English whisky, this boosted demand for English spirits, which accounted for around 16% of England's revenue by 1885. [20]

In the 1887 book The Whisky Distilleries of the United Kingdom by Alfred Barnard, the following English distilleries were listed: [21]

In 1903 Lea Valley Distillery, owned by The Distillers Company closed and they moved production to Scotland due to the expanding popularity and production of gin and Scotch whisky. [23]

In 2005, The English Whisky Co. Ltd. received permission to construct the first registered whisky distillery in England in over a century. [24] Its initial release of single malt whisky arrived in 2009, marking the first bottling and release of English whisky in over 100 years. In 2013, The London Distillery Company began production of the first single malt whisky in London since Lea Valley Distillery closed in 1903. Three other English distilleries, also producing whisky by 2014, were The Cotswolds Distillery, Ludlow Distillery, and The Lakes Distillery. [25]

As of 2025 the English whisky category is around 20 years old having being established in 2006. [26]

Definition

A process is under way to create a statutory definition for English whisky, [27] with one notable area requiring that grains and water to be locally sourced which is unique to English whisky within the British Isles. [28] [29]

Currently, English whisky producers adhere to EU Regulation (2019/787) which sets the criteria for whisky and specifies that whisky must be matured in wooden casks for three years, contain no additives or sweeteners except for E150a, be matured to a minimum ABV of 40% and have a final abv of less than 94.8% ABV. [30]

English whisky also follows the guidelines of the British Standards Institute. [31] [f]

Guidance

On 12 September 2023, the British Standards Institute published its first guideline BS 8636 for the production and packaging of English, Scotch, Welsh, and Irish whisky. These guidelines specify that English whisky must have a caramel colour, be matured in wooden casks for a minimum of three years, contain no additives or sweeteners except for E150a caramel colouring, be matured to a minimum abv of 40% and have a final strength of less than 94.8% abv. [33]

An English whisky GI is currently in progress to define the production and labelling of English whisky with a decision due on 19 May 2025. [34]

Front page of the English whisky GI English whisky GI (front page).jpeg
Front page of the English whisky GI

The English whisky GI is a proposed legal framework that includes two types of whisky malt whisky and grain whisky and two sub-divisions single and blended. [35] To be defined as English whisky a whisky must be: [36]

The English whisky GI specifies that an English single malt must also be made using malt barley from England and distilled in copper pots at a single distillery in England [37]

Production

English whisky has more regulatory flexibility than traditional whisky producers, enabling more experimentation with a range of styles, grain selection, cask ageing and blending techniques. [38]

Spirit still at St George's Distillery - geograph.org.uk - 1469720.jpg
Spirit still at St George's Distillery

Fermentation

English whisky has innovated its production with different types of yeast fermentation, with many distilleries using their brewing expertise in order to craft distinctive flavours. Notable examples include Grasmere Distillery, which uses ale yeasts and cold fermentation for fruity new make spirits; Lancaster Spirits Co., employing 200-year-old yeast and slow fermentation for aromatic, complex whisky, often bottled as new make; and Cotswolds Distillery, which uses dual yeast strains to produce vibrant, fruity spirits before maturation. The aim of this innovation is to create flavour from the onset and make yeast-driven whiskies that challenge traditional methods. [39]

Attributes

Different types and styles of English whisky English whisky styles.png
Different types and styles of English whisky
Types
Malt whisky Produced using malt barley, distilled in copper pots twice and matured in wooden casks of at least 700 litres (150 imp gal; 180 US gal) for a minimum of three years. [40]
Grain whisky Produced at least partly from grains other than barley, such as maize, wheat and rye. [41]
Rye whisky Produced using rye grain. It has a peppery and spicy taste.
Cornish whiskyProduced using local produce and is distilled, matured and bottled in Cornwall. [42] There are currently 2 distilleries that produce Cornish whisky Pocketful of Stones Distiller and Hicks and Healeys [43] [44]
Bourbon (Bourbon-style) Produced to the same specifications as the USA but with UK ingredients. There are currently three distilleries that produces bourbon: White Peaks Distillery, [45] Penrock Distillery [46] and Doghouse distillery, with the product marketed as “Bourbon style” in the USA due to labelling laws. [7]
Styles
Single Malt Produced using 100% single malt barley within a single distillery.
Triple MaltAged in three types of casks, but not blended.
Blended whisky A combination of malt and grain whisky within a single whisky. These are often smoother and cheaper than single malt whisky. [47]
Single Cask Bottled from a single cask or barrel without blending the whisky.
Small Batch Produced by mixing the contents of a relatively small number of premium selected barrels. [48]
Peated Produced using malt barley that has been dried over a fire; this gives the whisky a smokey flavour. [49]
Cask Strength Bottled from the barrel without any additional water.

Characteristics

Flavours

English whisky has four flavours types, sweet containing tones of vanilla, oats and fruit, savoury containing tones of rye bread and herbs, spicy containing tones of cooking spices, pepper, gingerbread and citrus and finally smoky containing tones of oak, peat, leather. [50] [51]

Colour

English whisky has a variety of different colours ranging from caramel to yellow. [52]

Distilleries

Distilleries

There are 61 distilleries in England as of 2024, [53] 26 of these distilleries are part of the English Whisky Guild. [54] [55] The oldest, St George's Distillery has brewed whisky for almost 20 years. [56] The Cotswolds distillery is the largest producer of whisky in England. [57]

Regions

The English whisky distilleries are spread across nine regions with each containing the following: North East England has two, Yorkshire and the Humber has seven, the East Midlands has two, the East of England has three, London has six, the South East of England has twelve, South West England has fifteen, the West Midlands has six and North West England has eight. [58]

Whisky regions England 2024.jpg

South East

The South East of England has a total of 12 distilleries including: Abingdon Distillery, Wood Brothers Distillery, The Oxford Spirit Distillery [59] (formerly The Oxford Artisan Distillery), Brightwell Bottle Distillery (formerly Black Bottle Distillery), Isle of Wight Distillery, Copper Rivet Distillers, Anno Distillers, Maidstone Distillery, Pleasant Land Distillery, Hawkridge Distillers, Aedda's Farm Distillery and Canterbury Brewers & Distillers. [60] [61]

South West

The South East of England has a total of 15 distilleries including: Ten Hides Distillery, Wylye Distillery, Retribution Distilling Co., Witchmark Distillery, Dartmoor Whisky Distillery, Princetown Distillery, Trevethan Distillery, Penrock Distillery, Colwith Distillery, Rosemullion Distillery, Pocketful of Stones, Scilly Isles Distillery, Healeys Distillery, Wrecking Coast Distillery, Circumstance Distillery. [61]

London

London has a total of 6 distilleries including: Old Bakery Distillery, Maison Miles, East London Liquor Company, Bimber Distillery, Doghouse Distillery, The London Distilling Company. [61]

East of England

The East of England has a total of 3 distilleries including: Fen Spirits, The English Distillery, Adnams Copper House Distillery. [61]

West Midlands

The West Midlands has a total of 6 distilleries including: Cotswolds Distillery, Spirit of Birmingham Distillery, West Midlands Distillery, Ludlow Distillery, Henstone Distillery, Mercia Whisky. [61]

East Midlands

The East Midlands has a total of 2 distilleries including: White Peak Distillery, Wharf Distillery. [61]

North West

The North West has a total of 8 distilleries including: Weetwood Distillery, Forest Distillery, Spirit of Manchester Distillery, Forgan Distillery, Pendle Witch Distillery, Lancaster Spirits Company, Grasmere Distillery, The Lakes Distillery. [61]

Yorkshire and The Humber

Yorkshire and Humber has a total of 7 distilleries including: Yorkshire Dales Distillery, Whittaker’s Distillery, Cooper King Distillery, Ellers Farm Distillery, Spirit of Yorkshire Distillery, Yorkshire Distilling Co., Elsham Wold Distillery. [61]

North East

The North East has a total of 2 distilleries including: Ad Gefrin Distillery, Yarm Distillery. [61]

End stages

Independent bottlers

There are 18 independent whisky bottlers in England, [62] including Cadenhead, That Boutique-y, North Star, Watt Whisky, Berry Bros & Rudd, The Heart Cut, The Whisky Show and Thompson Bros. [63]

Distributor

DistributorDateDistillery(ies)AreaCite
Sip and SavourOctober 20, 2020 Oxford Artisan Distillery United Kingdom [64]
BBC SpiritsMarch 1, 2021Gullivers Europe [65]
MangroveMarch 18, 2021English Whisky CoUnited Kingdom [66]
November 1, 2022East London Liquor Company [66]
Monarq GroupMay 15, 2023Lakes distillery Caribbean, Latin America and the US [67]
Illva SaronnoDecember 11, 2023Cotswolds distilleryUnited Kingdom and Benelux [h] [68]
ImpEx BeveragesApril 6, 2022Spirit of Yorkshire DistilleryUS [69]

Trade

Economic valuation

From March to April 2023 the English Whisky Guild conducted a survey of English distilleries. The survey found that there were then 38,000 casks of English whisky maturing in distillery warehouses, and an estimated 50,000 casks expected to be laid down by distilleries by the end of 2024 with 97% of distilleries making single malt and a quarter of distilleries making whiskies using other grain such like rye. The total value of the maturing stock was estimated to exceed £1 billion during that period. [70]

On 4 June 2024, the English Whisky Guild published its first annual report. The report found that sales of English whisky last year equated to 50,000 (9L) casks, with 40% of English whisky being sold internationally as well as 250,000 people visiting English whisky distillery last year. [71] The total value of English whisky sold domestically and internationally was £1 billion. [72]

In July 2024 English whisky for 26% of new products listed in a twelve-month period and over 50% of the total volume of English of spirits products listed since June 2023. [73]

English whisky distilleries have created 443 jobs across England, and the product is sold internationally in 32 countries around the world, including: Japan, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Canada, Singapore and the United States. [70] [74]

English whisky GWE.jpg

International trade

United States

Market access

On 25 June 2011, US authorities informed The English Whisky Co that it would not be able to sell English single malt whisky in the US market as it is produced using recycled oak barrels and US law requires that new oak barrels be used. [75] The English Whisky Co accused the US of double standards, as whisky from other nations including Scotland, Ireland, Wales and France uses recycled barrels to produce whisky. [76]

On 3 January 2013, after a five-year dispute, and lobbying the Foreign Office, UK trade bodies and the US embassy, The English Whisky Co was granted permission to sell English whisky in the US market. [77]

Tariffs

On 2 April 2025 the United States placed tariffs of 10% on English whisky [78]

On the 4 April 2025 Morag Garden CEO of the English Whisky Guild made a statement pointing to the importance of the US market for English whisky sales, and confirming that the EWG will work with the UK Government and members of the industry to ensure fair and open trade and support the growth for English whisky. [79]

India

On 6 May 2025 India and the U.K signed a trade agreement that brought the tariffs for English whisky from 150% to 75% and is due to drop to 40% by the tenth year of the agreement. [80]

Activities

Achievements

Auctions

On 8 September 2022, the White Peaks Distillery auctioned its Wire Works Single Malt Whisky which sold for a total of £9,900 ($11,337). [81]

Net zero whisky distillation

On 6 November 2023 the Cooper King Distillery released a whisky distilled using only Net zero emissions energy. [82]

Fully English blended whisky

On 28 March 2025 Woven whisky release the world's first fully English blended whisky Experience No 22 Pastures New. It consists of whiskies from 6 distilleries including Cotswolds, White Peak, Cooper King, Copper Rivet, Fielden and Adnams and is valued at £55 or $71 USD. [83]

Partnership agreements

On 1 December 2021 Gullivers & Co signed a partnership agreements with England Rugby to produce rugby themed whisky which would become the official whisky of the English Rugby Union. [84]

As of 2023 the partnership agreement between Gullivers and England Ruby is still active with England's No. 6 Single Malt Whisky becoming the latest English rugby themed whisky to be produced [85]

International awards

On 30 April 2024, the Circumstance Distillery Single Grain Estate Whisky earned a gold medal at the San Francisco World Spirits Competition. [86]

Events

The English whisky festival is an annual whisky event that is hosted by the English Whisky Society / Explore English Whisky. It takes place in Birmingham at different points in November. There have been three events so far which have included master classes and whisky tasting. [87]

The first event took place on 18 November 2023, it was hosted online due to COVID-19, [88] and contained 30 whiskies from 14 distilleries. [89] The second event took place on 18 November 2023, it consisted of 32 distilleries and contained two whisky master classes, one by the Cooper King Distillery and one by The English Whisky Co. [88] The Third Event took place on 23 November 2024, it consisted of 30 whisky distilleries and contained a selection of festival exclusive whiskies, some of the oldest English whiskies available and a free whisky tasting glass. [90]

English whisky day

English whisky day is an annual whisky event that takes place at Westminster Hall in London to promote and bring awareness of the sector.

The first event was held on 28 November 2023 and consisted of 16 whisky producers. [91] A second event was held on 14 March 2025 which was hosted by the MP for Thirsk and Malton Kevin Hollinrake which was attended by 50 MP's and Lords and over 200 guests. [92] [93]

Whisky Trail

On 28 August 2018, the Wine and Spirit Trade Association launched an English-Welsh Whisky Trail. [94] English distilleries that are on the trail include Adnams Cooper House Distillery, Chase Distillery, Cotswolds Distillery, The English Whisky Co, and The Lakes Distillery. [95]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Features, Chris Carter published in (28 August 2024). "The rebirth of English whisky: should you invest?". moneyweek.com. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  2. ↑ Cornish take on Scotch, BBC News, Thursday, 1 May 2003.
  3. ↑ "Celebrating St. George's Day with English whisky". The Single Cask. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
  4. ↑ "The Lakes 01-year-old". Whisky Base.
  5. ↑ "Wire Works Melody Whisky Bar - Ratings and reviews - Whiskybase". Whiskybase.com. 27 April 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
  6. ↑ "Alcohol Content Strength Conversion | WhiskyAuction.com". www.whiskyauction.com. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
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  8. ↑ Jeewood, Aaron (24 April 2023). "English Whisky Guild appoints CEO as industry forecast to possess over £1bn in maturing stock". Worshipful Company of Distillers .
  9. ↑ "Hicks & Healey – Whiskybase – Ratings and reviews for whisky". Whiskybase.com. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  10. ↑ Beeson, James (21 February 2025). "English single malt whisky proposals 'very damaging', SWA says". The Grocer. Retrieved 8 March 2025.
  11. ↑ Wisniewski, Ian (5 September 2019). The Whisky Dictionary: An A–Z of whisky, from history & heritage to distilling & drinking. Octopus. ISBN   978-1-78472-639-3.
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  15. ↑ "English Whisky Guild". Briggs. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
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  18. ↑ Features, Chris Carter published in (28 August 2024). "The rebirth of English whisky: should you invest?". moneyweekuk. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
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  32. ↑ Malczewski, Kate (25 February 2022). "Producers seek legal definition for English whisky". The Spirits Business .
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  42. ↑ "Cornish take on Scotch". 1 May 2003. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  43. ↑ "Healeys Cornish Cyder Farm". Whiskybase.com. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  44. ↑ "Pocketful of Stones Distillers Ltd". Whiskybase.com. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  45. ↑ Collins, Georgie (30 September 2022). "England's 'first' Bourbon unveiled". The Spirits Business. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
  46. ↑ "Penrock". Whiskybase.com. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
  47. ↑ Milliken, Millie (14 August 2025). "Blended English whisky is now a thing".
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  77. ↑ Millar, Rupert (3 January 2013). "English whisky breaks into US market". The Drinks Business. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  78. ↑ "'It's a huge blow to Scotland's whisky industry'". BBC News. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
  79. ↑ "Trump's tariffs could hit whisky tourism as well as spirits sales". whiskymag.com. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
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  82. ↑ Greenwood, Darren (6 December 2023). "Coopers King Distillery releases 'net zero' whisky". York Press . Retrieved 10 December 2023.
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  86. ↑ Booth, Martin (30 April 2024). "International Accolade for Bristol Whisky". Bristol-24/7.
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  89. ↑ Schrieberg, Felipe. "This Is The First Festival Ever Dedicated To English Whisky". Forbes. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
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  95. ↑ "English and Welsh Whisky Trail" (PDF). Wine and Spirit Trade Association .

Notes

  1. ↑
    • direct distribution from distilleries
    • using independent distributors
  2. ↑ Whisky has been made in England since at least 1636, when the Worshipful Company of Distillers was granted a charter for producing the spirit. By the 1800s, there were distilleries in Liverpool, Bristol, London and elsewhere. [1]
  3. ↑ England ceased its production of whisky for 100 years until it was reintroduced in 2003 [2] [3]
  4. ↑ As of 2025 there are two distilleries producing bourbon Doghouse Distillery and Penrock distillery, this is marketed as “bourbon style” in the US due to strict laws on production [7]
  5. ↑
    • Hicks & Healey use the alternative spelling whiskey as well as the county name Cornish whisky [9]
    • The English whisky GI currently on its consultation phase allows two spellings for whisky made in England:
    – English whisky (traditional) – English Whiskey (alternative spelling) [10] )
  6. ↑ A submission has been made to obtain a Geographical Indication for the term “English Whisky” [32]
  7. ↑ The English whisky GI is currently in the consultation phase with a decision due on 20 May 2025
  8. ↑ Benelux is an economic union consisting of Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg

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