Flood control projects controversy in the Philippines (2024–2025)

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Flood projects controversy in the Philippines
2025-08-20 - Economic sabotage charges eyed vs Bulacan contractor; PBBM orders probe on P55 M ghost flood control project (02).jpg
President Bongbong Marcos (third from right) inspecting an unfinished flood control project site in Baliwag, Bulacan on August 20, 2025
CauseAlleged "ghost" projects, contractor monopolies, misallocation of funds
OutcomeOngoing Senate inquiry
Key figures Bongbong Marcos, Manuel Bonoan, Gamaliel Cordoba, JV Ejercito, Erwin Tulfo, Imee Marcos, Bam Aquino, Panfilo Lacson, Rodante Marcoleta, Benjamin Magalong
Agencies involved Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), Commission on Audit, Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, Commission on Elections

Since 2024, a series of allegations of corruption, mismanagement, and irregularities in government-funded flood control projects have been occurring in the Philippines under the administration of President Bongbong Marcos. The controversy centers on billions of pesos allocated for flood management initiatives, reports of "ghost" projects, substandard construction, and the alleged cornering of contracts by a small group of favored contractors.

Contents

Background

President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. discussed the Flood Control Project during the 2025 State of the Nation Address.

In his third State of the Nation Address (SONA) in July 2024, President Marcos reported that his administration had implemented over 5,500 flood control projects and announced plans for at least ten large-scale projects amounting to more than ₱ 500 billion( US$ 10.15 billion) over the next 13 years. [1] The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) justified these projects as urgent measures to mitigate flooding, particularly in Metro Manila and Central Luzon, but admitted that poor waste management practices were aggravating the flooding problem. [2]

The numbers of Flood Control Projects in each town of the Philippines as extracted in Sumbong sa Pangulo Website. Some of the Major Cities in the Philippines got a numerous flood control projects in their jursidiction. FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT - TOWNS.png
The numbers of Flood Control Projects in each town of the Philippines as extracted in Sumbong sa Pangulo Website. Some of the Major Cities in the Philippines got a numerous flood control projects in their jursidiction.

Marcos later vetoed ₱16.7 million( US$ 339,086.29) worth of flood control projects included in the 2025 national budget, citing redundancy and improper project placement. [3]

Allegations of corruption and irregularities

Senate Blue Ribbon Committee investigation

In August 2025, the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee launched a motu proprio investigation dubbed Philippines Under Water into alleged irregularities in flood control projects. [4]

Misallocation and quality issues

Senator JV Ejercito criticized the lack of alignment between project funding and actual flood-prone areas, asking for proof of a comprehensive master plan. [10] Senator Erwin Tulfo described the ₱545.6 billion( US$ 11.08 billion) flood control program as "a grand robbery," claiming that kickbacks and commissions as high as 25% left only 30–40% of funds for actual construction. [11] Senator Imee Marcos, the President's sister, called attention to stalled flagship projects, such as the Parañaque Spillway and Laguna de Bay dredging, which were expected to alleviate flooding in Metro Manila but suffered from delays. [12] Senator Bam Aquino raised concerns that the flood control budget exceeded allocations for school infrastructure, suggesting misprioritization of public funds. [13]

Bribery attempt

On August 22, 2025, Representative Leandro Leviste (Batangas–1st) reported to the Taal Municipal Police an alleged ₱3.1 million( US$ 62,944.16) bribery by DPWH Batangas 1st District Engineer Abelardo Calalo at his office in Taal, Batangas. The bribery was intended to stop an investigation by the House of Representatives into alleged corruption involving the DPWH's flood control projects in the district. Calalo was arrested in an entrapment operation later that day. On August 26, Leviste filed bribery and corruption cases against Calalo before the Office of the Batangas Provincial Prosecutor. [14] He also urged Calalo to be a state witness in such investigation. [15] On the same day, the DPWH suspended Calalo. [16]

Flood mitigation conflict in Oriental Mindoro

In Oriental Mindoro, a dispute arose between Governor Humerlito Dolor and the provincial board over his dredging-based flood control program, which the latter questioned for its legality and transparency. The provincial board called for investigations, while Dolor defended the initiative as cost-free and compliant with environmental laws. He also criticized the provincial board for ignoring failed DPWH flood control projects in the province. [17]

Flood control project collapse in Lucena

In August 2025, a ₱100 million( US$ 2.03 million) flood control project in Lucena, Quezon, under the office of Representative David Suarez (Quezon–2nd), collapsed, raising significant public concern. The project, built along the Dumacaa River near the city proper, drew criticism after a video circulated showing part of the structure falling apart; observers noted it appeared to have been constructed with a mix of sand and cement and featured minimal steel reinforcement. Critics cited this as a clear indicator of poor construction practices and possible misuse of infrastructure funds. As of the latest reports, neither Suarez nor the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) issued an official explanation regarding the collapse or project details. Residents have called for investigations from the Commission on Audit (COA) and relevant agencies to ensure accountability. The incident has renewed broader discussions about anomalies and corruption in flood control funding currently under Senate investigation. [18]

"For Sale" scheme

On August 28, 2025, during an interview over DZBB-AM, Quirino Governor and former ULAP president Dakila Cua cited a mayor in one of the towns in his province who requested flood control projects worth hundreds of millions of pesos, despite other urgent infrastructure projects are needed. The mayor, who was not identified, asked barangay officials to sign the requests on the day of State of the Nation Address. According to reports, a contractor close to the mayor has already purchased the projects. [19]

Notable contractors and political affiliations

Discaya-linked firms

Construction companies owned by Sarah Discaya (also known as Cezarah Rowena Cruz) and her husband Curlee Discaya, St. Timothy Construction Corporation and Alpha and Omega General Contractor and Development Corporation, were involved in government flood control contracts in Bulacan and Iloilo City. In August 2025, President Marcos criticized a flood mitigation structure in Bulacan, calling it a "ghost project" due to its visibly unfinished and structurally deficient state, despite its ₱96.49 million( US$ 1.96 million) budget. [20] Local officials in Iloilo City similarly reported that Discaya-linked projects were delayed or failed to function as intended. [21]

Separately, the couple drew public scrutiny after media features revealed their ownership of around 40 luxury vehicles, including Cadillac Escalade, Bentley Bentayga, Porsche Cayenne, Rolls-Royce Cullinan, and Mercedes-Maybach GLS, with an estimated total value of ₱300 million( US$ 6.09 million) to ₱465 million( US$ 9.44 million). [22] [23] In response, the Bureau of Customs (BOC) launched an investigation into whether the vehicles were properly declared, taxed, and legally imported. BOC commissioner Ariel Nepomuceno noted that seizure or additional tax liabilities could result if the probe reveals deficiencies. Access to vehicles stored in residential property, however, remains contingent on obtaining a court-issued warrant or Letter of Authority. [24] [25] Civil society, including youth groups and political leaders, criticized the conspicuous display of wealth amid allegations that Discaya-linked companies benefited from flood control contracts, some of which are under Senate scrutiny. Pasig Mayor Vico Sotto, who had defeated Discaya in the 2025 Pasig mayoralty race, described the spectacle as "bad regardless of the source" and called for accountability. [26]

Claudine Co

Claudine Co, an online influencer and singer, is the daughter of Hi-Tone Construction & Development Corporation owner Christopher Co, and the niece of Ako Bicol party-list representative and co-founder of Sunwest Inc. Zaldy Co, whose contractors are one of the top 15 in the Malacañang's list. [27] The Co family has business interests in construction and real estate, which have been identified as major recipients of government infrastructure and flood control contracts. [28]

In August 2025, she attracted significant public scrutiny for social media posts featuring luxury items, private flights, etc., which commentators described as insensitive amid ongoing investigations into flood control contracts. Following mounting backlash, Claudine deactivated her social media accounts. [27]

Gela Alonte

Angela "Gela" Alonte, an actress and daughter of Biñan Mayor Angelo "Gel" Alonte, [29] attracted social media criticism in August 2025 after a resurfaced video showed her commenting on political dynasties, specifically, "Paano ba 'yan? Nasa political dynasty 'yung pamilya ko. I mean, controversial," (transl. "What can I do? My family is in a political dynasty. I mean, controversial") delivered with laughter. [30] The backlash intensified because the clip circulated shortly after typhoons Crising and Dante, when Biñan was experiencing flood-related hardships. Critics described her demeanor as insensitive to the local community’s suffering, especially as the calamity coincided with her social media posts on her birthday celebration in July 2025. [31] [32] [33]

Although she was not directly implicated in flood control contract controversies, the timing and tone of the video, coupled with her family’s political prominence, led to broader discussions about privilege, political dynasties, and the role of public figures during national infrastructure crises. [32]

Jammy Cruz

Jammy Cruz, daughter of Noel Cruz, owner of Sto. Cristo Construction and Trading Inc., headquartered in Limay, Bataan, attracted public attention in 2025 after a video surfaced showing her displaying a luxury Chanel bag. [34] [35] Her family company secured at least ₱3.5 billion( US$ 71.07 million) worth of flood control projects from 2022 to 2024. The video sparked public criticism, with social media users linking the displayed luxury items to her family's involvement in flood control contracts. In response, Jammy deactivated her YouTube channel and set her Instagram account to private. [34] [27]

Duterte family involvement

The Duterte family, a political dynasty based in Davao City, has figured prominently in public discussion regarding the allocation and use of flood control funds in the Philippines. Members of the family have held high-ranking political offices, including former president Rodrigo Duterte, Vice President Sara Duterte, Davao City Mayor Sebastian Duterte, and Representative Paolo Duterte (Davao City–1st), while observers and critics have raised questions about the relationship between their political roles and government infrastructure spending. Rodrigo Duterte's daughter, Veronica Duterte, is not involved in politics but has attracted media attention as a social media personality. Reports have noted her purchases of luxury items and high-end goods, which have been highlighted in discussions of political families and public perceptions of wealth. While she has no direct role in the flood control allocations, her lifestyle has occasionally been cited in commentary about the Duterte family's public image. [28]

Between 2022 and 2024, Congress appropriated billions of pesos for nationwide flood control projects through the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). Budget records show that the Davao Region, particularly Davao City's 1st district represented by Paolo Duterte, received some of the largest allocations, with reports indicating roughly ₱51 billion( US$ 1.04 billion) earmarked for projects over a three-year period. [36]

The large appropriations drew attention amid broader controversy surrounding the national flood control program in 2024–2025, which was marked by allegations of "ghost projects," overpricing, and irregularities involving contractors and implementing agencies. [36] Mayor Sebastian Duterte publicly dismissed criticisms of flood control allocations as a "publicity stunt," a remark that was met with pushback from lawmakers and civil society groups who argued the matter warranted closer scrutiny. [37]

Constitutional Commission investigation

Commission on Audit

These are the estimated prices of the flood control projects in each town and cities. Notice that the Major Cities in the Philippines receive much more budget in Flood Control Projects. FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT - TOWNS - PRICES.png
These are the estimated prices of the flood control projects in each town and cities. Notice that the Major Cities in the Philippines receive much more budget in Flood Control Projects.

In July 2025, Commission on Audit (COA) chairperson Gamaliel Cordoba ordered a fraud audit of flood control projects in Bulacan, following citizen complaints filed through the Sumbong sa Pangulo (transl. Report to the President) platform. Bulacan alone accounted for nearly 45% of Central Luzon’s ₱548 billion( US$ 11.13 billion) flood control budget since 2022, making it a focal point of investigation. [38]

Commission on Elections

On August 28, 2025, Commission on Elections (COMELEC) has identified at least 15 government contractors who contributed to candidates in the 2022 national and local elections, raising concerns about potential campaign finance laws that could lead to jail terms for those involved. According to COMELEC chairperson George Garcia, the contractors were identified by the poll body's political finance and affairs department, and the list may expand as the review continues. The contractors are considered contractors if they had a government contract at the time the candidate filed their candidacy or after the elections. [39] [40]

Executive action

President Bongbong Marcos speaking to the media at a flood control project site in Baliwag, Bulacan. 2025-08-20 - Economic sabotage charges eyed vs Bulacan contractor; PBBM orders probe on P55 M ghost flood control project (01).jpg
President Bongbong Marcos speaking to the media at a flood control project site in Baliwag, Bulacan.

During his fourth SONA on July 28, 2025, President Bongbong Marcos vowed to expose and prosecute corruption in flood control projects. He ordered the release of a complete list of flood control projects from the past three years for public scrutiny. [41]

In August 2025, the Department of Budget and Management (DBM) has announced a ₱71.7 billion( US$ 1.46 billion) reduction in flood control infrastructure allocation for next year's National Expenditure Program (NEP). DBM Secretary Amenah Pangandaman announced a ₱274.9 billion( US$ 5.58 billion) allocation for flood-related projects in the NEP for 2026, lower than this year's ₱346.6 billion( US$ 7.04 billion). However, the NEP lacks appropriation for the controversial Ayuda para sa Kapos ang Kita Program (transl. Aid for Low Income Program) (AKAP), a form of pork barrel. NEP has also reduced the confidential funds by 11%. [42]

On August 22, 2025, the League of Cities of the Philippines (LCP), led by San Juan Mayor Francis Zamora, expressed support for President Marcos' push for transparency and accountability in flood control projects, some of which were exposed as either "ghost" or poorly constructed by monopolizing contractors. [43]

On August 27, 2025, Marcos ordered several agencies, including the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) and the Office of the Ombudsman, to conduct "lifestyle checks" on all government officials, starting with those in the DPWH. [44] [45] On August 28, Senator Risa Hontiveros urged Marcos to include himself in the lifestyle checks, arguing that the process should begin with "the highest official in the country." She suggested that disclosing the President's Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth (SALN) would demonstrate leadership by example and reinforce the credibility of the initiative. [46] [47] Hontiveros also volunteered to undergo a lifestyle check herself, citing her "middle-class lifestyle" as open to public scrutiny. [46] The following day, on August 29, Malacañang confirmed that Marcos was willing to submit to a lifestyle check and to release his SALN. [48] On the same day, DPWH Secretary Manuel Bonoan issued a memorandum prohibiting DPWH officials and employees from traveling abroad for personal reasons until November 2025, or "unless circumstances warrant the earlier lifting of the suspension or further extension." [49] On August 31, Bonoan resigned from his post, effective September 1; he was replaced by Vince Dizon, who was previously the Secretary of Transportation. [50] Many lawmakers are expressing their support for Bonoan's resignation, citing it as an opportunity to delve deeper into the DPWH. Mamamayang Liberal Representative Leila de Lima stated that the resignation of the current DPWH Secretary is necessary for an impartial investigation and reform, but does not exempt him from accountability for the anomalous flood control projects. [51]

On August 28, 2025, Quezon City Mayor Joy Belmonte announced that over 70 mayors have signed the "Mayors for Good Governance" amid controversy over "substandard and ghost flood control projects." [19]

On August 29, 2025, a lawyer from one of the contracting firms implicated in Marcos' anomalous flood control projects approached the Department of Justice about the possibility of being a whistleblower. [6] On the same day, Matag-ob Mayor Bernandino Tacoy has requested the DPWH in Ormoc to stop the repairs of an ongoing flood control project that collapsed before completion. Tacoy wrote to DPWH district engineer Peter Seco, stating that he will not allow the project's continuation without first investigating it, worth ₱96 million, in a barangay in Matag-ob. He claimed that 25 to 30 meters (82 to 98 ft) of the structure collapsed, and substandard materials may have been used in the project. [52]

Key revelations by officials

Senate

In July 2025, reports revealed a ₱142.7 billion( US$ 2.9 billion) insertion in the 2025 national budget, allegedly added during a conference led by Senate President Francis Escudero. [53]

On July 25, 2025, Senator Panfilo Lacson claimed in a public statement that as much as half of the ₱2 trillion( US$ 40.61 billion) allocated for flood control over 15 years may have been lost to corruption, with only 40% of project funds translating into actual construction. In his privilege speech titled Flooded Gates of Corruption on August 20, 2025, Lacson cited Bulacan as a hotspot for anomalous projects and linked irregularities to congressional insertions. [54]

Local chief executives

Several local chief executives have made revelations about flood control projects, often pointing to issues of inefficiency, corruption, or lack of coordination between national and local agencies. They have stressed that the DPWH must coordinate with them first before the actual execution of the project, also citing Sections 26 and 27 of the Local Government Code. [55]

In August 2025, The DPWH is halting the ₱757 million( US$ 15.37 million) flood control projects in Cebu City for 2025, pending a comprehensive assessment by Cebu City Mayor Nestor Archival. As of this month, the DPWH has completed 10 projects in the North District, worth ₱272 million( US$ 5.52 million), and 11 in the South District, worth ₱479 million( US$ 9.73 million). He criticized several flood control projects in Cebu City for poor coordination with the local government, leading to public inconvenience. One project in Banilad was criticized for contributing to worsening traffic congestion. A project near JY Square was executed urgently but has been suspended due to lack of coordination with city authorities. [56]

On August 15, 2025, Baguio Mayor Benjamin Magalong revealed that only 30% of the allocated budget remained for the actual flood control projects, resulting in substandard quality. Based on information from contractors, he also claimed that some lawmakers allegedly received kickbacks worth 40% of a project’s budget. [57]

On August 26, 2025, Manila Mayor Isko Moreno revealed that more than 200 flood control projects of DPWH in the capital worth ₱14 billion( US$ 284.26 million) were implemented without permits. [55] Four days prior, questioning why Manila was still being flooded despite having the largest flood control project allocation, he asked the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee to probe flood control projects in the city, particularly in the second, third and sixth districts, which are represented by his former allies Rolan Valeriano, Joel Chua, and Benny Abante, respectively. The three representatives welcomed the investigation. [58]

Flash flood along E. Rodriguez Sr. Avenue in Quezon City on September 23, 2023, due to heavy rains. Quezon City (Damayang Lagi) flash flood 2023-09-23.jpg
Flash flood along E. Rodriguez Sr. Avenue in Quezon City on September 23, 2023, due to heavy rains.

Similarly, on August 29, 2025, Quezon City Mayor Joy Belmonte flagged the flood control projects of the DPWH in the city, alleging anomalies as only two out of the 254 were approved by the city government. Among those flagged is a 66-phase project involving the San Juan River. Out of 254 flood control projects worth ₱14.24 billion( US$ 289.14 million), only 16 out of 254 attempted to apply for a certificate of coordination, as the remaining projects had disapproved, incomplete, or lacking certificates. [59] [60] [61] In addition, Quezon City Engineer Mark Dale Peral disclosed that of the 1,652 national projects in the city, only 315 were submitted for a Certificate of Coordination, with just 138 of those receiving approval. He also noted that an inspection found that some projects declared complete were actually under construction, while 45 were verified as ongoing. [62]

House of Representatives

Las Piñas Representative Mark Anthony Santos has also disclosed that 42 DPWH projects in the city, including flood control and drainage works, were also implemented without permits. He also urged the sacking of the DPWH district engineer. [55]

On August 30, 2025, the House of Representatives has invited the DPWH and 15 contractors, who secured 20% of nearly 10,000 flood control projects since 2022, to its hearing on September 2. During an interview on DZMM, Bicol Saro party-list representative Terry Ridon also invited SYMS Construction Trading, in which the firm was involved in an alleged ghost flood project in Baliwag, Bulacan. He also explained that the investigation will involve the accreditation-for-sale process in GPBB, and the procurement board will handle the procurement process with the BIR and COA. [63] [64]

On August 31, 2025, Representative Marcelino Teodoro (Marikina–1st) announced that the 2026 NEP that were submitted by DBM has allocated funding for completed flood control projects and road repairs. Teodoro confirmed House Deputy Speaker Ronaldo Puno's (Antipolo–1st) disclosure that several items in the NEP included budget allocations for completed projects. [65] On the same day, Representative Leandro Leviste (Batangas-1st) has emphasized the need for a technical audit of the DPWH flood control projects in his district. He has collaborated with affected local government units and hired engineers and consultants at his own expense. He led inspections in Balayan, Batangas after the arrest of an engineer. He found that sheet piles in flood control projects along the Binambang River were shorter than required, measuring 3.9 to 5.5 meters (13 to 18 ft) meters instead of the required 15 meters (49 ft) meters. The DPWH replaced the shorter piles at the contractor's expense, but Leviste has yet to receive an explanation from the DPWH. [66]

Impacts

A flood in Masantol, Pampanga, brought about by Typhoon Goni (Rolly) in October 2020 7257Effects floods of Typhoon Goni in Masantol, Pampanga 27.jpg
A flood in Masantol, Pampanga, brought about by Typhoon Goni (Rolly) in October 2020

Despite decades of spending, the Philippines continues to suffer from deadly floods. Hundreds of lives and billions in property are lost annually, particularly in low-lying provinces such as Bulacan and Pampanga, and in Metro Manila. Analysts argue that systemic corruption and inefficiency have undermined the effectiveness of government flood management efforts. [67]

References

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  54. ↑ "Lacson: ₱2 trillion flood funds misused over 15 years". Philippine Daily Inquirer . August 2025. Archived from the original on August 22, 2025. Retrieved August 21, 2025.
  55. 1 2 3 Ambrosio, Zyann (August 26, 2025). "200 flood control projects in Manila have no permits: Isko Moreno". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved August 30, 2025.
  56. ↑ Mascardo, Iris Hazel (August 27, 2025). "Cebu City flood control projects under review". The Freeman . The Philippine Star . Retrieved September 1, 2025.
  57. ↑ GMA Integrated News (August 15, 2025). "Magalong to submit docs on alleged flood control corruption to Marcos". GMA Network. Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  58. ↑ Javier, Paige (August 23, 2025). "Isko Moreno asks Senate to include Manila's flood control projects in probes". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  59. ↑ Araja, Rio N. (August 29, 2025). "Belmonte bares anomalous DPWH-led flood control projects in QC". Manila Standard. Retrieved August 30, 2025.
  60. ↑ Mateo, Janvic (August 30, 2025). "DPWH flood project with 66 'phases' flagged in Quezon City". The Philippine Star. Retrieved August 30, 2025.
  61. ↑ Gozum, Iya (August 29, 2025). "Anomalous? Only 2 of 254 flood control works were approved by Quezon City". Rappler . Retrieved August 30, 2025.
  62. ↑ Moaje, Martia (August 29, 2025). "QC flags DPWH projects over 'billions wasted,' unsolved flooding". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  63. ↑ Gatchalian, Ched Rick (August 30, 2025). "DPWH, 15 contractors behind many flood control projects invited to House probe". ABS-CBN News . Retrieved August 30, 2025.
  64. ↑ Sampang, Dianne (August 31, 2025). "Teodoro: NEP includes funding for completed flood control projects". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  65. ↑ Sampang, Dianne (August 31, 2025). "'2026 budget allots funds for already completed flood control projects'". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  66. ↑ Quismorio, Ellson (August 31, 2025). "'Sagot na ni cong': Legarda Leviste reiterates need for technical audit of flood control project" ['Cong has answered']. Manila Bulletin . Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  67. ↑ "Billions spent, but floods keep killing Filipinos". Philippine Star. August 2025. Archived from the original on August 20, 2025. Retrieved August 21, 2025.
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