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References
- ↑ Karras, Ruth Mazo (2017-01-20). Sexuality in Medieval Europe: Doing Unto Others. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781351979900.
- ↑ Wemple, Suzanne Fonay (2015-12-16). Women in Frankish Society: Marriage and the Cloister, 500 to 900. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9781512821338.
- ↑ Deutsches Wörterbuch of Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm. 16 Vols, 32 Fasicles]. Leipzig: S. Hirzel 1854-1960. -- Edition of 1971. Available online here Archived 2011-05-21 at the Wayback Machine .
- ↑ Barbero, Alessandro (2004-09-10). Charlemagne: Father of a Continent. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23943-2.
- ↑ Magill, Frank Northen; Aves, Alison (1998). Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages. Routledge. ISBN 9781579580414.
- ↑ Ebel, Else. Der Konkubinat nach altwestnordischen Quellen: Philologische Studien zur sogenannten "Friedelehe." (Concubinage According to Old West Nordic Sources: Philological Studies on the So-Called "Friedelehe."). Ergänzungsbände zum Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde 8, Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 1993.
- ↑ Esmyol, Andrea (2002). Geliebte oder Ehefrau? : Konkubinen im frühen Mittelalter (Lover or Wife? Concubines in the early Middle Ages). Köln: Böhlau. ISBN 3-412-11901-6. OCLC 49584572.