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Gender modality is the relationship between one's gender in the sense of gender role and gender identity and the sex that they were assigned at birth. [1] For example, someone who is assigned female at birth (AFAB) and identifies as a woman has a cisgender gender modality. The term was first coined by Florence Ashley [2] in 2022 to describe the "broad category which includes being trans[gender] and being cis[gender]." [3] The term was intended to be analogous to sexual orientation and to allow "space to reflect on" the relationship between gender identity and gender assigned at birth for non-binary people, people of diverse cultural backgrounds, and people with dissociative identity disorder. [3]
The term has been applied in trans education literature [1] and by governments [4] and courts. [5]
