| Golden Delicious | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Species | Malus domestica |
| Hybrid parentage | Grimes Golden x ? [1] |
| Cultivar | Golden Delicious |
| Origin | Clay County, West Virginia, United States, 1905 |
Golden Delicious is a cultivar of apple. It is one of the 15 most popular apple cultivars in the United States. [2] It is not closely related to Red Delicious. [3]
Golden Delicious arose from a chance seedling, possibly a hybrid of Grimes Golden [4] and Golden Reinette. [5] The original tree was found on the family farm of J. M. Mullins in Clay County, West Virginia, and was locally known as Mullins' Yellow Seedling. Mullins sold the tree and propagation rights to Stark Brothers Nurseries for $5000, which first marketed it as a companion of their Red Delicious in 1914. [6]
In 1943, the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, New York developed the Jonagold apple by cross-breeding Golden Delicious and Jonathan trees. The cultivar was officially released in 1968 and went on to become the leading apple cultivar in Europe. [7] According to the USApple Association website, as of 2008 [update] , Golden Delicious, along with its descendent cultivars Gala, Ginger Gold, Honeycrisp, and Jonagold, were among the fifteen most popular apple cultivars in the United States. [8]
Golden Delicious was designated the official state fruit of West Virginia by a Senate resolution on February 20, 1995. [9] Clay County has hosted an annual Golden Delicious Festival since 1972.
In 2010, an Italian-led consortium announced they had decoded the complete genome of the Golden Delicious apple. [10] It had the highest number of genes (57,000) of any plant genome studied to date.
Golden Delicious was one of four apples honored by the United States Postal Service in a 2013 set of four 33¢ stamps commemorating historic strains, joined by Northern Spy, Baldwin, and Granny Smith. [11]
Golden Delicious is a large, yellowish-green skinned cultivar and very sweet to the taste. It is prone to bruising and shriveling, so it needs careful handling and storage. It is a favorite for eating plain, as well as for use in salads, apple sauce, and apple butter. [12] [13] America's Test Kitchen, Food Network, and Serious Eats all list Golden Delicious apples as one of the best apples for baking apple pie due to its balanced flavor and its high pectin content that allows it to stay intact when cooked. [14] [15] [13]
| 55–60 mm | 60–65 mm | 65–70 mm | 70–75 mm | 75–80 mm | 80–85 mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5% | 12% | 33% | 35 % | 13% | 2% |
Golden Delicious are harvested 130–150 days after full bloom.
| Name | Parentage | Year: cross made/ selected/ introduced | Country of origin | Patent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akita Gold | (Golden Delicious × Fuji) [18] | |||
| Ambrosia | (believed to be Starking Delicious × Golden Delicious) [19] | |||
| Angold | (Antonovka x Golden Delicious) | |||
| Annalee (Blount Golden) | Golden Delicious x ? | ?/1962/? | US | USPP 3496 |
| Arlet | (Golden Delicious × Idared) | |||
| Autumn Glory | (Golden Delicious x Fuji) [20] | |||
| Bohemia | (Lord Lambourne × Golden Delicious) | |||
| Brock | Golden Delicious x McIntosh | / /1966 | US | |
| Cadel | (Jonathan × Golden Delicious) | |||
| Cameo | (Golden Delicious × Red Delicious) | |||
| Caudle | (Golden Delicious × Red Delicious) | |||
| Champion | (Golden Delicious × Cox Orange) | |||
| Chantecler | (Golden Delicious × Reinette Clochard) | |||
| Cripps Pink (marketed as Pink Lady) | Golden Delicious × Lady Williams) [21] | |||
| Dalitron | Golden Delicious x Pilot | 1994/1997/ | France | USPP |
| Delbarestivale | ( Stark Jonagrimes x Golden Delicious) | |||
| Elan | (Golden Delicious x James Grieve) | ?/? /1984 | Netherlands | |
| Elstar | (Ingrid Marie × Golden Delicious) | 1955/ ? /1972 | Netherlands | USPP 6450 |
| Falstaff | James Grieve x Golden Delicious | |||
| Firm Gold | (Starkspur Golden Delicious, U.S. PP 2024 × Starkrimson Red Delicious, U.S. PP 1565) [22] | |||
| Gala | (Kidds Orange × Golden Delicious) | |||
| Ginger Gold | (Albemarle Pippin × Golden Delicious) | |||
| GoldRush (Coop 38) | Golden Delicious x Coop 17 | ? / ?/ 1993 | US | USPP |
| Goldspur a Golden Delicious-like cultivar from Holland which is spur bearing | ||||
| Goro | Golden Delicious x Swiss Orange | 1951/ /1973 | Switzerland | |
| Honeycrisp | (MN1627 [Golden Delicious × Duchess of Oldenburg] × Keepsake [Frostbite (MN447) x Northern Spy]) | |||
| Honeygold | Golden Delicious x Haralason | |||
| Iduna | (Golden Delicious × Glockenapfel) | |||
| Jonagold | (Golden Delicious × Jonathan) | 1943/ /1968 | US | |
| Kissabel Jaune | Golden Delicious x SJ 109 | 2006/?/2011 | France | USPP 30041 |
| Kissabel Orange | Golden Delicious x SD 109 | 2006/?/2012 | France | USPP 28201 |
| Kizuri | Golden Delicious x NY75413-30 | 1990/?/? | Belgium | USPP 27926 |
| Ligolina | Linda x Golden Delicious | ?/1972/? | Poland | |
| Magnolia Gold | Golden Delicious x ? | ? / ? /1970 | US | |
| Maigold | (Fraurotacher × Golden Delicious) | 1944 / /1964 | Switzerland | |
| Mutsu (apple) | (Golden Delicious x Indo apple) | |||
| Opal (apple) | (Topaz × Golden Delicious) | Czech Republic | USPP 15963 | |
| Orin | Golden Delicious x Indo | Japan | ||
| Ozark Gold | (Golden Delicious x (Conrad x Red delicious) | |||
| Pink Lady | Golden Delicious x Williams | ?/1979/1989 | Australia | |
| Pinova | (Clivia × Golden Delicious) | |||
| Rebella | Golden Delicious x Remo | ?/1986/? | Germany | USPP 15134 |
| Red Baron | Golden Delicious x Red van Buren | 1926/1940/1969 | US | |
| Rubinette(Rafzubin | (Golden Delicious × Cox Orange) | Switzerland | ||
| Sekai Ichi | (Golden Delicious × Red Delicious) | |||
| Sinta | Golden Delicious x Grimes Golden | 1955/1965/ ? | US | |
| Spigold | (Northern Spy × Golden Delicious) | |||
| Summerland | McIntosh x Golden Delicious | 1926/1939/1969 | Canada | |
| Sundance (Coop 29) | GD x 1050NJ-1 | 1964/1972/? | US | USPP 13819 |
| Sundowner | (Golden Delicious × Lady Williams) | Australia | USPP 8477 | |
| Swiss Gourmet | Golden Delicious x Idared | ?/?/1984 | Switzerland | USPP 6689 |
| Tentation delblush | (Grifer' (Blushing Golden) × Golden Delicious) | |||
| Trajan | Golden Delicious x Wijcik McIntosh | ?/?/1989 | England | USPP 6226 |
| Virginiagold | Albemerle pippin x Golden Delicious | 1944/1956/ ? | US |
The Granny Smith, also known as a green apple or sour apple, is an apple cultivar that originated in Australia in 1868. It is named after Maria Ann Smith, who propagated the cultivar from a chance seedling. The tree is thought to be a hybrid of Malus sylvestris, the European wild apple, with the domesticated apple Malus domestica as the polleniser.
Red Delicious is a type of apple with a red exterior and sweet taste that was first recognized in Madison County, Iowa, in 1872. Today, the name Red Delicious comprises more than 50 cultivars. It was the most produced cultivar in the United States from 1968 to 2018, when it was surpassed by Gala.
Malus domestica is an English cultivar of apple that is usually eaten cooked due to its sourness. The variety comes from a pip planted by Mary Ann Brailsford. The Concise Household Encyclopedia states, "Some people eat this apple raw in order to cleanse the palate, but Bramley's seedling is essentially the fruit for tart, pie, or dumpling." Once cooked, however, it has a lighter flavour. A peculiarity of the variety is that when cooked it becomes golden and fluffy.
A cooking apple or culinary apple is an apple that is used primarily for cooking, as opposed to a dessert apple, which is eaten raw. Cooking apples are generally larger, and can be tarter than dessert varieties. Some varieties have a firm flesh that does not break down much when cooked. Culinary varieties with a high acid content produce froth when cooked, which is desirable for some recipes. Britain grows a large range of apples specifically for cooking. Worldwide, dual-purpose varieties are more widely grown.
The Fuji apple is an apple cultivar developed by growers at the Tōhoku Research Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Fujisaki, Aomori, Japan, in the late 1930s, and brought to market in 1962. It originated as a cross between two American apple varieties—the Red Delicious and old Virginia Ralls Janet apples. According to the US Apple Association website it is one of the nine most popular apple cultivars in the United States. Its name is derived from the first part of the town where it was developed: Fujisaki.
Jonagold is a cultivar of apple that is a cross between the crisp Golden Delicious and the blush-crimson Jonathan; the name Jonagold is a portmanteau of these two variety names. It was developed in 1943 in New York State Agricultural Experiment Station of Cornell University's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, selected as N.Y. 43013-1 in 1953, officially released in 1968 by Roger Way.
Gala is an apple cultivar with a sweet, mild flavor, a crisp but not hard texture, and a striped or mottled orange or reddish appearance. Originating from New Zealand in the 1930s, similar to most named apples, it is clonally propagated. In 2018, it surpassed Red Delicious as the apple cultivar with the highest production in the United States, according to the US Apple Association. It was the first time in over 50 years that any cultivar was produced more than Red Delicious.
Honeycrisp is an apple cultivar developed at the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station's Horticultural Research Center at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. Designated in 1974 with the MN 1711 test designation, patented in 1988, and released in 1991, the Honeycrisp, once slated to be discarded, has rapidly become a prized commercial commodity, as its sweetness, firmness, and tartness make it an ideal apple for eating raw. "...The apple wasn't bred to grow, store or ship well. It was bred for taste: crisp, with balanced sweetness and acidity." It has larger cells than most apple cultivars, a trait which is correlated with juiciness, as larger cells are more prone to rupturing instead of cleaving along the cell walls; this rupturing effect is likely what makes the apple taste juicier. The Honeycrisp also retains its pigment well and has a relatively long shelf life when stored in cool, dry conditions. Pepin Heights Orchards delivered the first Honeycrisp apples to grocery stores in 1997. The name Honeycrisp was trademarked by the University of Minnesota, but university officials were unsure of its patent status in 2007. It is now the official state fruit of Minnesota. A large-sized honeycrisp will contain about 116 kilocalories (490 kJ).
'Macoun' apples are a cross between the 'McIntosh' and 'Jersey Black' cultivars. The Macoun was developed at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, by Richard Wellington. It was first introduced in 1932, and is an eating apple. This apple is popular for making European style apple pies because it does not break down during cooking and remains firm. Macouns are also very popular at roadside stands and pick-your-own farms. Availability is generally October through November.
Jonathan is a medium-sized sweet apple, with a touch of acid and a tough but smooth skin, good for eating fresh and for cooking. Parentage = Esopus Spitzenburg x ?
Cripps Pink is a cultivar of apple. It is one of several cultivars sold under the trade mark name Pink Lady. It was originally bred by John Cripps at the Western Australia Department of Agriculture, by crossing the Australian apple Lady Williams with a Golden Delicious; the result is a combination of the firm, long-storing property of Lady Williams with the sweetness and lack of storage scald of Golden Delicious.
Table apples are a group of apple cultivars grown for eating raw as opposed to cooking or cidermaking. Table apples are usually sweet and the most prized exhibit particular aroma variations that differentiate them from other apples. D = Dual purpose
Stark Bro's Nurseries & Orchards Co. is a horticultural company based in Louisiana, Missouri, that specializes in growing and selling fruit trees to home gardeners and orchardists. The company was the original marketer of the Red Delicious and Golden Delicious apples.
An apple is a round, edible fruit produced by an apple tree. Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus Malus. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, Malus sieversii, is still found. Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Eurasia and were introduced to North America by European colonists. Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek, and European Christian tradition.
Belle de Boskoop is an apple cultivar which originated in Boskoop, Netherlands, where it began as a chance seedling in 1856. Variants include Boskoop red, yellow and green. This rustic apple is firm, tart and fragrant. Greenish-gray tinged with red, the apple stands up well to cooking. Generally Boskoop varieties are very high in acid content and they can contain over four times the vitamin C of Granny Smith or Golden Delicious.
Enterprise is a modern bred, late-ripening and attractive, red cultivar of domesticated apple with excellent fruit quality combined with disease resistance to scab, cedar apple rust, fire blight and some resistance to powdery mildew. The fruit is large and attractive and retains excellent fresh quality for up to six months at 1°C. Its moderate acidity at time of harvest mellows in storage, and it is best after one month of storage.
'Honeygold' is a cold-hardy cultivar of domesticated apple, which was developed to suit for the northern cold areas. It was developed by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station's Horticultural Research Center of the University of Minnesota. They were crossing a Golden Delicious with a Haralson in order to obtain a Golden Delicious style fruit with the cold hardiness of the Haralson, a goal which was successfully achieved.
EverCrisp is an American apple cultivar developed by the Midwest Apple Improvement Association (MAIA). Trademarked as EverCrisp, the MAIA-1 variety is a cross between two existing apple cultivars: the Honeycrisp and Fuji. Originally produced in Ohio, EverCrisp has since expanded to apple-growing regions across the Midwest in Michigan, Illinois and Indiana, in the Northeast in Pennsylvania and New York, and in the Northwest in Washington. The apple entered the public marketplace in 2017.
...a total of 15 popular varieties account for almost 90 percent of 2008 production: Braeburn, Honeycrisp, Cortland, Idared, Empire, Jonagold, Fuji, Jonathan, Gala, McIntosh, Ginger Gold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Rome, Granny Smith
He is J. M. Mullins, now a man in his 87th year and living in Dunbar, though he spent his lifetime until recent years in Clay County.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location (link)When Stark's successors, in a similar stunt, found and named the Golden Delicious growing in West Virginia in 1914, the Delicious became Red Delicious.
