| Devonshire Quarrenden | |
|---|---|
 Devonshire Quarrenden, from Hooker's Pomona Londoniensis | |
| Genus | Malus |
| Species | domestica |
| Origin | unknown, bef. 1676 |
The Devonshire Quarrenden is a dessert apple cultivar historically grown and probably originating in England, although it has also been suggested as originating in France. A variety of local names and spellings, including "Red Quarrenden", "Quarrington", "Quarender", and the "Sack Apple", have been recorded in the past. [1] [2]
The variety has usually been assumed to be very old, though the pomologist Robert Hogg was unable to find any references to it prior to 1693, or to locate it in nurserymens' catalogues before 1790. [1] A slightly earlier reference has however been found in John Worlidge's Vinetum Britannicum, first published in 1676. [3] There are a small number of 15th century references to a "queryndoun", which may refer to a type of apple or pear. [4]
It was long associated with Devon, where it was particularly common, although it has been proposed that its name is a corruption of Carentan in Normandy and that it may have originated there. [3] Ernest Weekley suggested that the name may have derived from Carentan or from Quarrendon, a Buckinghamshire placename; [2] the latter was also suggested by Eilert Ekwall. [4]
Although locally in cultivation for many years in the West of England, it did not become more widely known until the 19th century, [5] probably after it was introduced to the Fulham Nursery and Botanic Garden in about 1800. [6] It subsequently became popular for market and was widely grown for commercial purposes up until the 1890s. [7]
As a tree, Devonshire Quarrenden has a vigorous habit, although tends to be susceptible to apple scab. [3] It is particularly hardy and was known to thrive even in windy and damp conditions: Hogg noted he had seen it bearing well "from Devonshire to the Moray Firth". [1] Another 19th century orchardist said it was "adapted for any situation [...] either as an orchard, standard, pyramid, bush, or trained as an espalier, or on a north, east, west, or south wall". [5] An early bearer, it was the parent of another important early variety, Worcester Pearmain. It is sometimes said to be the origin of a noticeable strawberry flavour more clearly seen in the fruit of its descendants such as Worcester Pearmain, Discovery and Katy. [7]
The fruit of Devonshire Quarrenden is of small to medium size, up to c. 64x48mm; skin greenish yellow, completely or almost completely covered with a bright crimson flush, and flesh greenish white. The stalk is of medium size and slender. Picking late August for use late August to early September. [8]
Cox's Orange Pippin, in Britain often referred to simply as Cox, is an apple cultivar first grown in 1825, at Colnbrook in Buckinghamshire, England, by the retired brewer and horticulturist Richard Cox. Though the parentage of the cultivar is unknown, Ribston Pippin seems a likely candidate. DNA analysis of major apple pedigrees has suggested Margil as the parent of Cox, with Ribston Pippin being another Margil seedling. The variety was introduced for sale by the 1850s by Charles Turner, and grown commercially from the 1860s, particularly in the Vale of Evesham in Worcestershire, and later in Kent. A paper by Howard et al seems to suggest that the Cox Orange Pippin is a hybrid between the Cultivars: Rosemary Russet and Margil based on the SNP data 7
The damson or damson plum, also archaically called the "damascene", is an edible drupaceous fruit, a subspecies of the plum tree. Varieties of insititia are found across Europe, but the name damson is derived from and most commonly applied to forms that are native to Great Britain. Damsons are relatively small ovoid plum-like fruit with a distinctive, somewhat astringent taste, and are widely used for culinary purposes, particularly in fruit preserves and jams.
Jonathan is a medium-sized sweet apple, with a touch of acid and a tough but smooth skin, good for eating fresh and for cooking. Parentage = Esopus Spitzenburg x ?
A pearmain, also formerly spelled "permain", is a type of apple. The name may once have been applied to a particular variety of apple that kept well, although in more modern times its inclusion in varietal names was, like the term 'Pippin', "largely decoration" rather than indicating any shared qualities.
Ashmead's Kernel is a triploid cultivar of apple. Traditionally, Ashmead's Kernel was thought to be diploid but a poor pollinator.
Claygate Pearmain is an apple cultivar. It was found at Claygate, Surrey in England and brought to the attention of the Royal Horticultural Society by John Braddick in 1821. The apple was a popular eating apple in Victorian times and spread through England and to America.
The Kingston Black, also known as Black Taunton, is a cultivar of apple originating from the United Kingdom and used in making cider. The name of the cultivar comes from the apples' dark red or purplish skin, though despite the name, the fruit does not have a black hue.
'Adams Pearmain', also called 'Adam's Parmane', is a cultivar of apple. It was introduced to the Horticultural Society of London in 1826 by Robert Adams, under the name 'Norfolk Pippin'. The fruit is large, varying from two and a half inches to three inches high, and about the same in breadth at the widest part. It is pearmain-shaped, very even, and regularly formed. The skin is pale yellow tinged with green, and covered with delicate russet on the shaded side; but deep yellow tinged with red, and delicately streaked with livelier red on the side facing the sun. The flesh is reddish, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, with an agreeable and pleasantly perfumed flavor. This Cultivar is a sibling of Reinette de Hollande, a hybrid between Reinette Franche’ and ‘Reinette des Carmes. (5)
'Discovery' is an early season dessert apple cultivar. One of its parents was the 'Worcester Pearmain', with the pollinator 'Beauty of Bath'.
'Brown Snout' is a 19th-century cultivar of cider apple originating in Herefordshire in the United Kingdom, though now grown in other counties and parts of the world.
The Foxwhelp is a very old cider apple cultivar, originating in the west Midlands of England.
'Worcester Pearmain' is an early season English cultivar of domesticated apple, that was developed in Worcester, England, by a Mr. Hale of Swanpool in 1874. It was once the most popular cultivar in England for early autumn harvest and is still popular to keep in the garden. It has been extensively used in apple breeding.
King of the Pippins or Reine des Reinettes (French), Goldparmäne, Wintergoldparmäne german is an old cultivar of domesticated apple originating from France, and is still used in its original form as well as in many derivative cultivars that have been bred from it. It was also formerly known as Golden Winter Pearmain, because of its ripening period at late fall.
Winston is an English cultivar of domesticated apple which was first named Winter King because of its availability in the winter, but was renamed as Winston in 1944 or in 1945, after Winston Churchill.
Slack-ma-Girdle is an old variety of cider apple formerly widely grown in the South-West of England. It is one of a group of similar and closely related varieties all often known by the name "Woodbine".
The Woodcock was one of the oldest described English varieties of cider apple. It originated in the West of England in the counties of Herefordshire and Gloucestershire.
The Coccagee, also spelt 'Cackagee' or 'Cockagee' and sometimes known as the 'Irish Crab' or 'Lord Cork's Crab', is or was a variety of cider apple, known in Ireland and the West of England.
The Lady is a historic apple cultivar originating in Brittany, France in at least 1628. The cultivar has gained a variety of known names in English, and is commonly referred to as Api or the Lady Apple. As a seedling, the apple has the names Helen and Highland Beauty. The cultivar is known for its miniature "tiny" size, generally less than 2 inches in diameter. Its harvest time is late August and September within the Southern United States and later in higher elevations and attitudes, up to late October and early November. They are used for "dessert, cooking, cider making, and decoration," particularly during winter holidays where they are used for decorating in Christmas wreaths and garlands.
The costard was a variety of apple popular in medieval England, and the second apple variety introduced by the Normans. It was grown widely as a commercial crop by the 13th century and was supplied to the household of Edward I in 1292. It remained widespread for several hundred years, until other apple varieties gained popularity during the 17th century. It is thought to have been a cooking apple and was perhaps similar to the modern Bellflower apple. It is said to have been named for its resemblance to the human head.
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