Acetyl-CoA is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized for energy production. Coenzyme A consists of a β-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3'-phosphorylated ADP. The acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is linked to the sulfhydryl substituent of the β-mercaptoethylamine group. This thioester linkage is a "high energy" bond, which is particularly reactive. Hydrolysis of the thioester bond is exergonic (−
Juvenile hormones (JHs) are a group of acyclic sesquiterpenoids that regulate many aspects of insect physiology. The first discovery of a JH was by Vincent Wigglesworth. JHs regulate development, reproduction, diapause, and polyphenisms. The chemical formula for juvenile hormone is .
Oxaloacetate decarboxylase is a carboxy-lyase involved in the conversion of oxaloacetate into pyruvate.
In enzymology, a citramalate CoA-transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a citrate CoA-transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction:
The enzyme citrate (pro-3S)-lyase catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme citryl-CoA lyase catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase (OXC) (EC 4.1.1.8), primarily produced by the gastrointestinal bacterium Oxalobacter formigenes, catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase] ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a 2-methylcitrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
ATP citrate synthase (also ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)) is an enzyme that in animals represents an important step in fatty acid biosynthesis. By converting citrate to acetyl-CoA, the enzyme links carbohydrate metabolism, which yields citrate as an intermediate, with fatty acid biosynthesis, which consumes acetyl-CoA. In plants, ATP citrate lyase generates cytosolic acetyl-CoA precursors of thousands of specialized metabolites, including waxes, sterols, and polyketides.
In enzymology, a citrate (Re)-synthase (EC 2.3.3.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a deacetyl-[citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase] S-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.49) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology and molecular biology, a holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:
In enzymology, a pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a triphosphoribosyl-dephospho-CoA synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Malonate decarboxylase holo-(acyl-carrier protein) synthase is an enzyme with systematic name 2'-(5-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA:apo-malonate-decarboxylase 2'-(5-phosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA-transferase . This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Biotin-independent malonate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.88, malonate decarboxylase (without biotin), malonate decarboxylase, MDC) is an enzyme with systematic name malonate carboxy-lyase (biotin-independent). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Biotin-dependent malonate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.89, malonate decarboxylase (with biotin), malonate decarboxylase) is an enzyme with systematic name malonate carboxy-lyase (biotin-dependent). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Coenzyme A transferases (CoA-transferases) are transferase enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a coenzyme A group from an acyl-CoA donor to a carboxylic acid acceptor. Among other roles, they are responsible for transfer of CoA groups during fermentation and metabolism of ketone bodies. These enzymes are found in all three domains of life.
