Hypericum kalmianum

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Hypericum kalmianum
Hypericum kalmianum - Botanischer Garten, Frankfurt am Main - DSC02524.JPG
In cultivation
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Hypericaceae
Genus: Hypericum
Section: H. sect. Myriandra
Subsection: H. subsect. Centrosperma
Species:
H. kalmianum
Binomial name
Hypericum kalmianum
L.
Synonyms [1]

Norysca kalmiana (L.) K. Koch

Hypericum kalmianum, commonly called Kalm's St. Johns wort [2] or Kalm's St. Johnswort, [3] is a flowering plant in the St. John's wort family Hypericaceae. It is native to the Great Lakes region in the northern United States and southern Canada. Hypericum kalmianum was named after its discoverer, Swedish botanist Pehr Kalm (1715-1779). [2]

Contents

Description

Hypericum kalmianum is a slender shrub that grows to a height of 20–60 cm (7.9–23.6 in). Its bark is whitish and papery. It has ascending four-edged branches that bear two-edged branchlets. The crowded bluish-green leaves are linear to oblanceolate and 3–4.5 cm (1.2–1.8 in) long. One to ten yellow flowers are borne on terminal and open corymbs, with each flower measuring 2–3.5 cm (0.8–1.4 in) wide. The leaf-like sepals are oblong and 5–15 mm (0.2–0.6 in) long. The ovoid capsules typically have five carpels and styles, though they can occasionally bear three, four, or six. The capsules are 7–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long and 4–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) thick. [4]

The plant flowers between June and August. [5]

Taxonomy

Formerly included within Hypericum kalmianum is another species first formally described in 2016, Hypericum swinkianum . [6] Both species are part of the subsection Hypericum subsect. Centrosperma (H. sect. Myriandra). H. kalmianum can be differentiated from H. swinkianum by its narrower leaves, flowerheads averaging fewer than 7 flowers, and an affinity toward calcareous rather than acidic habitats. [2] [6] Additional species of Midwestern Hypericum closely related to these two may be yet to be described. [6]

Distribution and habitat

Kalm's St. Johnswort is primarily found around the Great Lakes in Ontario, Quebec, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, New York, Ohio, and Wisconsin. [1] In the Chicago Region, it is a highly conservative species that occur near Lake Michigan in calcareous sand prairies and marly pannés, and though rarely seen inland, can be found in prairie fens and mesic prairies. [2] It is classified as an endangered species in Illinois and threatened in Ohio. [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>Hypericum</i> Genus of flowering plants known as St. Johns worts

Hypericum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Hypericaceae. The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from tropical lowlands, deserts and polar regions. Many Hypericum species are regarded as invasive species and noxious weeds. All members of the genus may be referred to as St. John's wort, and some are known as goatweed. The white or pink flowered marsh St. John's worts of North America and eastern Asia are generally accepted as belonging to the separate genus TriadenumRaf.

<i>Hypericum maculatum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum maculatum, commonly known as imperforate St John's-wort, or spotted St. Johnswort, is a species of perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. It is native to Europe and Western Asia where it grows in moist meadows.

<i>Trillium recurvatum</i> Species of plant

Trillium recurvatum, the prairie trillium, toadshade, or bloody butcher, is a species of perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is native to parts of central and eastern United States, where it is found from Iowa south to Texas and east to North Carolina and Pennsylvania. It grows in mesic forests and savannas, often in calcareous soils. It is also known as bloody noses, red trillium, prairie wake-robin, purple trillium, and reflexed trillium, in reference to its reflexed sepals.

<i>Hypericum pulchrum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum pulchrum is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae, commonly known as slender St John's-wort. It is native to Western Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypericum fraseri</span> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Triadenum fraseri, commonly known as bog St. John's wort, Fraser's St. John's wort, and Fraser's marsh St. John's wort, is a perennial flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae that grows in wetlands of Canada and the northern United States. It is named after John Fraser (1750–1811), a Scottish botanist and widely travelled plant collector.

<i>Hypericum buckleyi</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum buckleyi, known as Blue Ride St. John's wort and Buckley's St. Johnswort, is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae found only in the Appalachian Mountains of the southeastern United States. The species is listed in the state of Georgia (S1), South Carolina (SX), and North Carolina (S3).

Gerould S. Wilhelm is an American botanist and lichenologist. He is known as author of several floras of the Chicago Region and the development of the Floristic Quality Assessment methodology, a tool to assess the integrity of natural areas. He is the director of research at Conservation Research Institute, a nonprofit organization "dedicated to the promotion of planning, design, restoration, and long-term management of sustainable ecological systems in built and natural environments through applied research, education, and outreach."

<i>Hypericum swinkianum</i> Species of plant

Hypericum swinkianum, known as Swink's St. John's wort, is a shrub in the St. John's wort family. It was named after Chicago Region botanist Floyd Swink (1921-2000).

Dr. Floyd Allen Swink (1921-2000) was an American botanist, teacher of natural history, and author of several floras of the Chicago region.

<i>Hypericum punctatum</i> Species of flowering plant

Hypericum punctatum, the spotted St. John's wort, is a perennial herb native to North America. The yellow-flowered herb occurs throughout eastern North America into southern Canada. The process of microsporogenesis carried out by this plant is prone to errors in chromosomal segregation. It has a diploid number of 14 or 16. Insects are attracted to the plant's pollen and the hypericin in the plant's leaves is toxic to mammals.

Laura Rericha-Anchor is an American biologist with expertise in botany, ornithology, entomology, and ecology of the Midwestern United States.

<i>Hypericum canadense</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum canadense, known as Canadian St. Johns-wort, lesser St. John's wort, and lesser Canadian St. Johnswort, is a flowering plant in the genus Hypericum. It is a yellow-flowering annual or perennial herb native to North America and introduced to Ireland and The Netherlands. The specific epithet canadense means "Canadian".

<i>Hypericum tenuifolium</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum tenuifolium, known as Atlantic St. John's-wort and sandhill St. John's-wort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is native to the Southeastern United States.

Hypericum galioides, the bedstraw St. Johnswort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is endemic to the Southeastern United States.

<i>Hypericum tetrapetalum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum tetrapetalum, the fourpetal St. Johnswort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is found in the Southeastern United States and Cuba. It was first described by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1797.

Hypericum myrtifolium, the myrtleleaf St. Johnswort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is endemic to the Southeastern United States. It was first described by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1797.

Hypericum assamicum is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is endemic to India. Hypericum assamicum is one of two species of Hypericum in the section Hypericum sect. Sampsonia.

<i>Hypericum frondosum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum frondosum, the cedarglade St. Johnswort or golden St. John's wort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is native to the central and southeastern United States in dry, rocky habitats.

<i>Hypericum lobocarpum</i> Species of flowering plant

Hypericum lobocarpum, commonly called fivelobe St. Johnswort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. Johnswort family (Hypericaceae). It is native eastern to North America, where it is found primarily in the western portion of the southeastern United States. Its typical natural habitat is in open wet areas, such as stream banks, lake margins, swamps, and pine savannas.

<i>Hypericum coris</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum coris, the heath-leaved St. John's wort, also called yellow coris, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae, and is the type species of sect. Coridium. It is a low shrub, and it is found in Switzerland and northwestern Italy. The species has been a popular garden plant since the 18th century, valued for its long flowering period and for how well it adapts to cultivation.

References

  1. 1 2 Robson, Norman (2015). "Hypericum kalmianum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 6. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 20 December 2018 via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Wilhelm, Gerould; Rericha, Laura (2017). Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis.
  3. 1 2 "Hypericum kalmianum L." plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  4. Merrit Lyndon Fernald (1970). R. C. Rollins (ed.). Gray's Manual of Botany (Eighth (Centennial) - Illustrated ed.). D. Van Nostrand Company. p. 1011. ISBN   0-442-22250-5.
  5. "Hypericum kalmianum (Kalm's St. Johns wort): Plant Phenology". iNaturalist.org. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
  6. 1 2 3 Wilhelm, Gerould; Rericha, Laura (2016). "A new species of Hypericum (Hypericaceae) and some new combinations in the vascular flora of the Chicago Region" (PDF). The Michigan Botanist. 55: 89–96.