Hypericum canariense

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Hypericum canariense
Hypericum canariensis.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Hypericaceae
Genus: Hypericum
Section: Hypericum sect. Webbia
(Spach) R. Keller
Species:
H. canariense
Binomial name
Hypericum canariense
L.
Varieties
  • H. canariense var. canariense
  • H. canariense var. floribundum(Dryand. ex Ait.) Bornm.
  • H. canariense var. platysepalum(Webb & Berth.) Ceb. & Ort.
Synonyms [2]
  • Hypericum floribundumAiton
  • Webbia canariensis(L.) Webb & Berthelot
  • Webbia floribunda(Aiton) Spach

Hypericum canariense is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae known by the common name Canary Islands St. John's wort. It is the sole member of Hypericumsect. Webbia.

Contents

Etymology

Among its numerous aliases in Spanish are granadillo, espanta demonios, flor de cruz, and leña de brujas. [3] In Finnish, the species is known as Kanariankuisma. [4] Its specific epithet canariense is a reference to the populousness of H. canariense in the Canary Islands. As such, its common names include Canary Islands St. John's wort or Canary Islands Hypericum. [5]

Distribution

It is endemic to the Canary Islands and Madeira, where it grows in low-moisture scrub and forested slopes of the five westernmost islands from 150 to 800m. [6] :219 It is also known as an introduced species in Australia, New Zealand, and the US states of California and Hawaii, where it is an escaped ornamental plant and generally considered a minor noxious weed. [7]

Habitat

Hypericum canariense grows in clayey or sandy soils, as well as in loam. It is found along creeklines and roadsides. [8] It is also prominent in dry scrub habitats and in mesic forests, often alongside Globularia salicina . [1]

Description

The species is a flowering shrub growing 2–3 metres (6 ft 7 in – 9 ft 10 in) in height. Its many stems bear waxy lance-shaped leaves 5–7 centimetres (2.0–2.8 in) long. The plentiful flowers each have five bright to deep yellow petals each just over a centimeter long and many yellowish whiskery stamens. It reproduces via the seed in its dehiscent dry fruits and also vegetatively via rhizome. [9]

The species is commonly misidentified as H. canadense or Cleomella arborea because of their similar flower structure and large stamens. [10]

Varieties

The species has three accepted varieties: [11]

Related Research Articles

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Hypericum perforatum, commonly known as St John's wort, is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. It is a perennial plant that grows up to one meter tall, with many yellow flowers that have clearly visible black glands around their edges, long stamens, and three pistils. Probably a hybrid between the closely related H. attenuatum and H. maculatum that originated in Siberia, the species is now found worldwide. It is native to temperate regions across Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to East Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of North and South America. In many areas where it is not native, H. perforatum is considered a noxious weed. It densely covers open areas to the exclusion of native plants, and is poor grazing material. As such, methods for biocontrol have been introduced in an attempt to slow or reverse the spread of the species.

<i>Hypericum</i> Genus of flowering plants known as St. Johns worts

Hypericum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Hypericaceae. The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from tropical lowlands, deserts and polar regions. Many Hypericum species are regarded as invasive species and noxious weeds. All members of the genus may be referred to as St. John's wort, and some are known as goatweed. The white or pink flowered marsh St. John's worts of North America and eastern Asia are generally accepted as belonging to the separate genus TriadenumRaf.

<i>Hypericum calycinum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum calycinum is a species of prostrate or low-growing shrub in the flowering plant family Hypericaceae. Widely cultivated for its large yellow flowers, its names as a garden plant include Rose-of-Sharon in Britain and Australia, and Aaron's beard, great St-John's wort, creeping St. John's wort and Jerusalem star. Grown in Mediterranean climates, widely spread in the Strandja Mountains along the Bulgarian and Turkish Black Sea coast.

<i>Triadenum</i> Genus of plants

Triadenum, known as marsh St. John's worts, is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Hypericaceae. The genus is characterized by opposite, blunt-tipped leaves and pink flowers with 9 stamens. They are distributed in North America and eastern Asia.

<i>Geranium reuteri</i> Species of flowering plant

Geranium reuteri, the giant geranium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Geraniaceae, endemic to the Canary Islands. It was known for many years under the name Geranium canariense. In Spanish, it is called pata de gallo.

<i>Hypericum hirsutum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum hirsutum is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae, commonly known as hairy St John's-wort. It is found in Western Europe.

<i>Hypericum ascyron</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum ascyron, the great St. Johnswort or giant St. John's wort is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae.

<i>Hypericum punctatum</i> Species of flowering plant

Hypericum punctatum, the spotted St. John's wort, is a perennial herb native to North America. The yellow-flowered herb occurs throughout eastern North America into southern Canada. The process of microsporogenesis carried out by this plant is prone to errors in chromosomal segregation. It has a diploid number of 14 or 16. Insects are attracted to the plant's pollen and the hypericin in the plant's leaves is toxic to mammals.

Hypericum edisonianum, known as Arcadian St. John's wort, Edison's St. John's wort, and Edison ascyrum, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is endemic to Florida.

<i>Hypericum tenuifolium</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum tenuifolium, known as Atlantic St. John's-wort and sandhill St. John's-wort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is native to the Southeastern United States.

<i>Hypericum japonicum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum japonicum, known as matted St. John's-wort, is an annual herbaceous flowering plant in the St. John's wort family Hypericaceae, in Hypericum sect. Trigynobrathys.

<i>Hypericum tetrapetalum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum tetrapetalum, the fourpetal St. Johnswort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is found in the Southeastern United States and Cuba. It was first described by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1797.

<i>Hypericum lancasteri</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum lancasteri, known as Lancaster's St. John's wort or as zhan e jin si tao in Chinese, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family Hypericaceae. The species has been awarded the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Hypericum myrtifolium, the myrtleleaf St. Johnswort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is endemic to the Southeastern United States. It was first described by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1797.

<i>Hypericum oblongifolium</i> Species of flowering plant

Hypericum oblongifolium, known as Pendant St. John's wort, is a species of flowering plant in Hypericumsect. Ascyreia.

<i>Hypericum patulum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum patulum, known as goldencup St. John's wort or yellow mosqueta, is a species of flowering plant in Hypericumsect. Ascyreia.

<i>Hypericum virginicum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum virginicum, the marsh St. Johns-wort or Virginia marsh St. Johnswort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. It is native to the central and eastern United States and eastern Canada.

<i>Hypericum frondosum</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum frondosum, the cedarglade St. Johnswort or golden St. John's wort, is a species of flowering plant in the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae. It is native to the central and southeastern United States in dry, rocky habitats.

<i>Hypericum aucheri</i> Species of flowering plant in the St Johns wort family Hypericaceae

Hypericum aucheri, also known as Koramanotu in Turkish, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the St. John's wort family Hypericaceae.

References

  1. 1 2 Rivers, M.C.; da Silva Menezes de Sequeira, M.P.; Fernandes, F. (2017). "Hypericum canariense". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T83764446A86139383. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T83764446A86139383.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. "Hypericum canariense in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2018-10-23.
  3. "Granadillo (Hypericum canariense)". Atlas rural de Gran Canaria (in Spanish). Retrieved 2017-04-29.
  4. "Canary Island St. Johnswort - Hypericum canariense - Overview - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2018-10-23.
  5. "Hypericum canariense (HYPCN)[Overview]| EPPO Global Database". gd.eppo.int. Retrieved 2018-10-23.
  6. Bramwell, D.; Bramwell, Z. (2001). Wild flowers of the Canary Islands. Madrid, Spain: Editorial Rueda. ISBN   84-7207-129-4.
  7. "Composite List of Weeds | Weed Science Society of America". wssa.net. Retrieved 2018-10-23.
  8. Attractions, Western Australian Herbarium, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and. "FloraBase—the Western Australian Flora". florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 2018-10-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. "Flora of Victoria". vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2018-10-24.
  10. "Canary Island St. John's Wort (Hypericum canariense)". iNaturalist.org. Retrieved 2018-10-23.
  11. "Hypericum canariense L." www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2018-10-23.