LS based GM small-block engine

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LS/LT based GM small-block engine
Callaway Corvette Engine - Flickr - Stradablog.jpg
Overview
Manufacturer General Motors
Production1995–present
Layout
Configuration 90º V8
Valvetrain OHV 2 valves x cyl.
Chronology
Predecessor

The LS based small-block engine is the primary V8 used in General Motors' line of rear-wheel-drive cars and trucks. Introduced in January 1995, it is a "clean sheet" design with only rod bearings, lifters, and bore spacing in common with the longstanding Chevrolet small block V8 that preceded it as the basis for GM small-block V8s. The basic LS variations use cast iron blocks, while performance editions are all aluminium with cast iron cylinder liners.

Contents

The LS small-block has been manufactured in three Generations III, IV, and V with preceding Generations I and II of modular GM small-block engines having been based on the Chevrolet small-block V8 originally released in 1954. GM recycled the "LT" designation beginning with the LS Generation V "LT1" in 2014.

Several versions of the LS were used in the Chevrolet Corvette, beginning with the LS1 in 1997 through the LS9 and others in 2013. Variants of the LT version of the GM small-block have been used since.

Most of the credit for this engine family must go to Ed Koerner, GM's Powertrain vice president of engineering operations at the time. He was a V8 design veteran and former National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) record holder in drag racing. Koerner had been the Chief Engineer for all the existing GM small-block V8 engines, and was put in charge of the "all new" Gen III LS1 V-8 development project, which would share no parts with previous engines. Design team members included Alan Hayman, Jim Mazzola, Ron Sperry, Bill Compton, Brian Kaminski, Jon Lewis, Stan Turek, Don Weiderhold, and Dave Wandel.

The performance improvements in the LS-family V8s over the previous classic small block V8 family are several. The lower section of the block incorporates deep side skirts, along with 6-bolt cross-bolted main bearing caps. This fully boxes the crankshaft, creating a very strong and rigid structure that has been hot-rodded by enthusiasts to over 1,000-HP.

Although it is the same compact physical size as the classic small block V8, this block can accept a 4-inch stroke as an option in its stock form, due to the cam location being elevated slightly, compared to previous block designs. Also, the cam bearing journals are larger, to allow for a higher cam-lift profile than was previously possible. The stock aluminum heads can provide a high amount of air-flow, which previously could only be found in aftermarket race-performance heads.

The aluminum heads also incorporate steam vents to prevent gas pockets from building up in critical areas, and this is vital in allowing the coolant to manage heat build-up for high-performance applications. Such design features allow for a higher compression ratio with no fear of detonation. The thermostat has been located at a low position, which eliminates the possibility of a gas pocket preventing the thermostat from properly sensing the heat of the coolant.

Previous generations incorporated a coolant passage through the intake manifold to warm the incoming fuel-air mixture in very cold climates. However, modern fuel-injection techniques eliminate fuel atomization concerns under all conditions, so the LS family uses a dry intake manifold. This removes a common coolant leakage point, and also allows the incoming air to remain as cool as possible for better power production.

Generation III (1997–2007)

Generation III
Chevrolet Corvette C5 LS1 engine.jpg
GM LS1 engine in a Chevrolet Corvette C5
Overview
Manufacturer General Motors
Also calledVortec
Production1997-2007
Layout
Configuration 90° V8
Displacement
  • 4,806 cc (293.3 cu in)
  • 5,327 cc (325.1 cu in)
  • 5,665 cc (345.7 cu in)
  • 5,967 cc (364.1 cu in)
Cylinder bore
  • 96 mm (3.78 in)
  • 99 mm (3.9 in)
  • 101.6 mm (4.00 in)
Piston stroke
  • 83 mm (3.27 in)
  • 92 mm (3.62 in)
Block material
Head material
  • Aluminium
  • Cast iron
Valvetrain OHV 2 valves per cylinder
Combustion
Fuel system Sequential multi-port fuel injection
Fuel type Gasoline, E85
Oil system Wet sump
Cooling system Water-cooled
Chronology
Predecessor
Successor Generation IV

The GM Generation I and Generation II (LT) engine families are both derived from the longstanding Chevrolet small block V8. The Generation III small-block V8 was a "clean sheet" design, which replaced the Gen I and Gen II engine families in 2002 and 1995 respectively.

Like the previous two generations, the Buick and Oldsmobile small blocks, the gen III/IV can be found in many different brands. The engine blocks were cast in aluminium for car applications, and iron for most truck applications (notable exceptions include the Chevrolet TrailBlazer SS, Chevrolet SSR and a limited run of Chevrolet/GMC Extended Cab Standard Box Trucks).

The architecture of the LS series makes for an extremely strong engine block with the aluminium engines being nearly as strong as the iron generation I and II engines. The LS engine also used coil-near-plug style ignition to replace the distributor setup of all previous small-block based engines.

The traditional five-bolt pentagonal cylinder head pattern was replaced with a square four-bolt design (much like the 64-90 Oldsmobile V8), and the pistons are of the flat-topped variety (in the LS1, LS2, LS3, LS6, LS7, LQ9 and L33), while all other variants, including the new LS9 and LQ4 truck engine received a dished version of the GM hypereutectic piston.

The cylinder firing order was changed to 1-8-7-2-6-5-4-3, so that the LS series now corresponds to the firing pattern of other modern V8 engines (for example the Ford Modular V8).

3.898 in. bore blocks (1997–2005)

The first of the Generation IIIs, the LS1 was the progenitor of the new architecture design that would transform the entire V8 line and influence the last of the Big Blocks.

5.7L

GM LS1 engine in a Chevrolet Camaro 1998ChevroletCamaroZ28-engine.jpg
GM LS1 engine in a Chevrolet Camaro

The Generation III 5.7L (LS1 and LS6) engines share little other than similar displacement, external dimensions, and rod bearings, with its predecessor (LT1). It is an all-aluminium 5,665 cc (5.7 L; 345.7 cu in) pushrod engine with a bore and a stroke of 99 mm × 92 mm (3.898 in × 3.622 in). [1]

LS1

When introduced in the 1997 Corvette the LS1 was rated at 345 hp (257 kW) at 5,600 rpm and 350 lb⋅ft (475 N⋅m) at 4,400 rpm. After improvements to the intake and exhaust manifolds in 2001 the rating improved to 350 hp (261 kW) and 365 lb⋅ft (495 N⋅m). [2] The LS1 was used in the Corvette from 97–04. It was also used in 98-02 GM F-Body (Camaro & Firebird) cars with a rating of over 305–325 bhp (227–242 kW), which was rumored to be conservative. The extra horsepower was claimed to come from the intake ram-air effect available in the SS and WS6 models. In Australia, continuous modifications were made to the LS1 engine throughout its lifetime, reaching 380 hp/365 ft-lb[ citation needed ] in the HSV's YII series, and a Callaway modified version named "C4B" was fitted to HSV GTS models producing 400 bhp (298 kW) and 405 lb⋅ft (549 N⋅m) of torque.

GM LS6 engine in a Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Chevrolet Corvette C5 Z06 LS6 engine.jpg
GM LS6 engine in a Chevrolet Corvette Z06

LS6

The LS6 designation was also used on a 454 CID Chevrolet Big-Block engine of the 1970s, as well as an iteration of the GM Iron Duke engine from the late 1970s

The LS6 is a higher-output version of GM's LS1 engine and retains the same capacity. The initial 2001 LS6 produced 385 bhp (287 kW) and 385 lb⋅ft (522 N⋅m), but the engine was modified for 2002 through 2004 to produce 405 bhp (302 kW) and 400 lb⋅ft (542 N⋅m) of torque. The LS6 was originally only used in the high-performance C5 Corvette Z06 model, with the Cadillac CTS V-Series getting the 400 bhp (298 kW) engine later. The V-Series used the LS6 for two years before being replaced by the LS2 in 2006. For 2006, the Z06 replaced the LS6 with the new LS7. The LS6 shares its basic block architecture with the GM LS1 engine, but other changes were made to the design such as windows cast into the block between cylinders, improved main web strength and bay to bay breathing, an intake manifold and MAF-sensor with higher flow, a camshaft with higher lift and more duration, a higher compression ratio of 10.5:1, sodium-filled valves, and a revised oiling system better suited to high lateral acceleration. [3] LS6 intake manifolds were also used on all 2001+ LS1/6 engines. The casting number, located on the top rear edge of the block, is 12561168. Applications:

3.78 in. bore blocks (1999–2007)

The 4.8 L and the 5.3 L are smaller truck versions of the LS1 and were designed to replace the 305 and the 350 in trucks. The 4.8L and the 5.3L engines share the same Gen III LS-series engine block and heads (upper end) and therefore, some parts interchange freely between these engines and other variants in the LS family.

4.8L LR4

The Vortec 4800 LR4 (VIN code "V") is a Generation III small block V8 truck engine. Displacement is 4,806 cc (4.8 L; 293.3 cu in) with a bore and stroke of 96 mm × 83 mm (3.78 in × 3.27 in). It is the smallest of the Generation III Vortec truck engines and was the replacement for the 5.0 L 5000 L30. The LR4 engines in 1999 produced 255 hp (190 kW) while the 2000 and above models made 270–285 hp (201–213 kW) and all have a torque rating between 285–295 lb⋅ft (386–400 N⋅m), depending on the model year and application. The 2005-2006 models made 285 hp (213 kW) and 295 lb⋅ft (400 N⋅m), LR4s are manufactured at St. Catharines, Ontario and Romulus, Michigan. It uses flat top pistons.

LR4 applications:

5.3 L

The Vortec 5300, or LM7/L59/LM4, is a V8 truck engine. It is a longer-stroked by 9 mm (0.35 in) version of the Vortec 4800 and replaced the L31. L59 denoted a flexible fuel version of the standard fuel LM7 engine. Displacement is 5,327 cc (5.3 L; 325.1 cu in) from a bore and stroke of 96 mm × 92 mm (3.78 in × 3.62 in). Vortec 5300s are built in St. Catharines, Ontario and Romulus, Michigan. Another engine variant, the L33, shares the same displacement, but has an aluminum block with cast in cylinder liners, much like the LS1.

LM7

The Vortec 5300 LM7 (VIN code 8th digit "T") was introduced in 1999. It has a cast iron block and aluminum heads, and can be considered the "garden variety" version of the Generation III V8s.

The 1999 LM7 engine produced 270 hp (201 kW) and 315 lb⋅ft (427 N⋅m) of torque.

The 2000-2003 engines made 285 hp (213 kW) and 325 lb⋅ft (441 N⋅m).

The 2004-2007 engines made 295 hp (220 kW) and 335 lb⋅ft (454 N⋅m) of torque.

The stock cam specs @ .050 lift are: 190/191 duration, .466/.457 lift, 114 LSA, 112/116 Timing

LM7 applications:
L59

The Vortec 5300 L59 (VIN code "Z") is a flexible fuel version of the LM7. The 2002-2003 made 285 hp (213 kW) and 320 lb⋅ft (434 N⋅m), while the 2004-2007 L59s made 295 hp (220 kW) and 335 lb⋅ft (454 N⋅m).

L59 applications:

LM4

The Vortec 5300 LM4 (VIN code "P") is an aluminum block version of the LM7, and had a short production life. The LM4s made 290 hp (216 kW) and 325 lb⋅ft (441 N⋅m), It should not be confused with the L33 described below.

LM4 applications:

L33

The Vortec 5300 L33 (VIN code "B") is an aluminum block version of the LM7, known as the Vortec 5300 HO in marketing materials. The L33 uses flat top pistons from the 4.8L instead of standard dished pistons from the LM7. It also uses 799 cylinder heads, which are identical to 243 castings found on LS6s and LS2s, lacking only the Corvette spec valve springs and hollow stem exhaust valves on the 2002-2004 LS6. This combination increased the compression from 9.5:1 to 10.0:1. The L33 also had a specific camshaft not shared with any other engine, specs @ .050 duration are: 193 duration, .482 lift, 116 LSA. As a result, power increased by 15 hp (11 kW), to 310 hp (230 kW) and 335 lb·ft (441 N·m). It was only available on extended cab 4WD pickup trucks. Only 25% of trucks made in 2005 had the L33 engine.

L33 applications:

4.00 in. bore blocks (1999–2007)

The 6.0 L is a larger version of the LS motor. 6.0 L blocks were cast of iron, designed to bridge the gap between the new small blocks and big blocks in truck applications. There were two versions of this engine: LQ4, and LQ9, the latter being more performance oriented.

6.0 L

The Vortec 6000 is a V8 truck engine. Displacement is 5,967 cc (6.0 L; 364.1 cu in) from a bore and stroke of 101.6 mm × 92 mm (4.00 in × 3.62 in). It is an iron/aluminum (1999 & 2000 model year engines had cast iron heads) design and produces 300 to 345 hp (224 to 257 kW) and 360 to 380 lb⋅ft (488 to 515 N⋅m).

LQ4

The Vortec 6000 LQ4, is a V8 truck engine. Displacement is 5,967 cc (6.0 L; 364.1 cu in) from a bore and stroke of 101.6 mm × 92 mm (4.00 in × 3.62 in). It is an iron/aluminum (1999 & 2000 model year engines had cast iron heads) design and produces 300 to 325 hp (224 to 242 kW) and 360 to 370 lb⋅ft (488 to 502 N⋅m). LQ4s are built in Romulus, Michigan and Silao, Mexico.

(VIN U) Applications:

LQ9

The Vortec HO 6000 or VortecMAX is a special high-output version of the Vortec 6000 V8 truck engine originally designed for Cadillac in 2002. This engine was renamed as the VortecMAX for 2006. It features high-compression (10:1) flat-top pistons for an extra 10 hp (7 kW) and 10 lb⋅ft (14 N⋅m), bringing output to 345 hp (257 kW) and 380 lb⋅ft (515 N⋅m). LQ9s are built only in Romulus, Michigan.

LQ9 (VIN N) Applications:

Generation IV (2005–2020)

Generation IV
GM LS2 engine.jpg
GM LS2 engine in a 2005 Chevrolet Corvette C6
Overview
Manufacturer General Motors
Also calledVortec
Production2004–2020
Layout
Configuration 90° V8
Displacement
  • 4,806 cc (293.3 cu in)
  • 5,327 cc (325.1 cu in)
  • 5,967 cc (364.1 cu in)
  • 6,162 cc (376.0 cu in)
  • 7,008 cc (427.7 cu in)
  • 7,441 cc (454.1 cu in)
Cylinder bore
  • 96 mm (3.78 in)
  • 101.6 mm (4.00 in)
  • 103.25 mm (4.065 in)
  • 104.8 mm (4.126 in)
  • 106.3 mm (4.185 in)
Piston stroke
  • 83 mm (3.27 in)
  • 92 mm (3.62 in)
  • 101.6 mm (4.00 in)
  • 104.8 mm (4.126 in)
Block material Aluminum, Cast iron
Head materialAluminum
Valvetrain OHV 2 valves per cylinder
Combustion
Fuel system Sequential multi-port fuel injection
Fuel type Gasoline, E85
Oil system Wet sump, Dry sump
Cooling system Water-cooled
Chronology
Predecessor Generation III
Successor Generation V

In 2004, the Generation III was superseded by the Generation IV. This category of engines has provisions for high-displacement ranges up to 7,441 cc (7.4 L; 454.1 cu in) and power output to 776 bhp (579 kW). Based on the Generation III design, Generation IV was designed with displacement on demand in mind, a technology that allows every other cylinder in the firing order to be deactivated. It can also accommodate variable valve timing.

A 3 valves per cylinder design was originally slated for the LS7, which would have been a first for a GM pushrod engine; but the idea was shelved owing to design complexities and when the same two-valve configuration as the other Generation III and IV engines proved to be sufficient to meet the goals for the LS7.

4.00 in. bore blocks (2005–present)

This family of blocks were the first of the generation IV small block with the LS2 being the progenitor of this family and generation. This family of blocks has seen a wide range of applications from performance vehicles to truck usage.

6.0 L

The Generation IV 6000 is a V8 engine that displaces 5,972 cc (6.0 L; 364.4 cu in) from bore and stroke of 101.6 mm × 92.075 mm (4.000 in × 3.625 in). It features either a cast iron or aluminum engine block with cast aluminum heads. Certain versions feature variable cam phasing, Active Fuel Management, and Flex-fuel capability.

LS2

LS2 can also refer to the 1973–1974 Super Duty 455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac V8 engine
LS2 can also refer to the 1985 Oldsmobile Diesel V6 engine.

The LS2 was introduced as the Corvette's new base engine for the 2005 model year. It also appeared as the standard powerplant for the 2005–2006 GTO. It produces 400 bhp (298 kW) at 6000 rpm and 400 lb⋅ft (542 N⋅m) at 4400 rpm from a slightly larger displacement of 5,967 cc (6.0 L; 364.1 cu in). It is similar to the high-performance LS6, but with improved torque throughout the rpm range. The LS2 uses the "243" casting heads used on the LS6 (although without the sodium-filled valves), a smaller camshaft, and an additional 18 cubic inches (290 cc). The compression of the LS2 was also raised to 10.9:1 compared to the LS1s' 10.25:1 and the LS6s' 10.5:1. The LS2 in the E-series HSVs are modified in Australia to produce 412 bhp (307 kW) and 412 lb⋅ft (559 N⋅m) of torque. The LS2 in the Chevrolet Trailblazer SS and the Saab 9-7X Aero are rated at 395 bhp (295 kW) (2006–2007) or 390 bhp (291 kW) (2008–2009) and 400 lb⋅ft (542 N⋅m) of torque due to a different (sometimes referred to as a "truck") intake manifold that produces more torque at lower RPMs.

The LS2 is also used as the basis of the NASCAR Specification Engine that is used as an optional engine in NASCAR's Camping World Series East and West divisions starting in 2006, and starting in 2010 may also be used on tracks shorter than two kilometers (1.25 miles) in the Camping World Truck Series. [4]

A version of NASCAR V8 cylinder block cast in Compacted Graphite Iron by Grainger & Worrall won the UK's Casting of the Year Award 2010. [5]

Applications:

L76

The L76 is derived from the LS2, and like the LS2 it features an aluminum engine block. However, the L76 does feature Active fuel management (AFM). While the displacement on demand technology was disabled on Holdens, this feature is enabled on the 2008 Pontiac G8 GT and subsequently refitted in the 2009 model Holdens with AFM enabled, but only on models fitted with the 6L80 Automatic Transmission. The engine also meets Euro III emissions requirements. Output is 348 bhp (260 kW) at 5600 rpm and 376 lb⋅ft (510 N⋅m) at 4400 rpm for the Holden variant, and 361 bhp (269 kW) and 385 lb⋅ft (522 N⋅m) for the G8 GT. [6] The Vortec 6000 or new VortecMax version is based on the Holden L76 engine, and features variable cam phasing, along with Active Fuel Management. It can be considered the replacement for the Generation III LQ9 engine. It produces 367 hp (274 kW) at 5400 rpm and 375 lb⋅ft (508 N⋅m) at 4400 rpm. Production of the truck-spec L76 started in late 2006, and it was only available with the new body style Silverado and Sierra. The final year for the truck-spec L76 was 2009 in the Silverado and Sierra; it was replaced by the 6.2L L9H engine for MY 2010.

Applications:

L98

For the tuned-port Generation I engine of the same RPO, see Chevrolet L98

The L98 is a slightly modified version of the L76. Since Holden did not use the displacement on demand technology of the L76, some redundant hardware was removed to form the L98. Power increased to 270 kW (362 bhp) at 5700 rpm and 530 N⋅m (391 lb⋅ft) at 4400 rpm.

Applications:

L77

L77 can also refer to the 455 Oldsmobile large crank journal engine.

L77 engines were released in the Holden Commodore Series II VE range in both manual and automatic transmissions, along with the Chevrolet Caprice PPV (police car). The L77 differs from the L76 with its inclusion of Flex-fuel capability, allowing it to run on E85 ethanol. The L77 is rated at 270 kW (362 hp) and 530 N⋅m (391 lb⋅ft) of torque in the manual Commodore SS and SS-V, in automatic Commodores it is rated at 260 kW (349 hp) and 517 N⋅m (381 lb⋅ft) of torque.

Applications:

LY6

The LY6 is a Generation IV small block V8 truck engine with a cast iron block. It shares the same bore and stroke as its LQ4 predecessor. Like other Gen IV engines, it features variable valve timing. It generated 361 hp (269 kW) at 5,600 rpm and 385 lb⋅ft (522 N⋅m) of torque at 4,400 rpm using "regular" gas, or ~87 octane. Redline is 6,000 rpm and compression ratio is 9.6:1. This engine uses L92 / LS3 style rectangle port cylinder heads, though without the sodium-filled exhaust valves of the LS3.

Applications:

L96

The L96 is essentially identical to its predecessor, the LY6. The primary difference is that the L96 is Flex Fuel capable, while the LY6 is not.

Applications:

LFA

The LFA is a Generation IV small block V8 truck engine. The LFA variant is used in the GM's "two mode" hybrid GMT900 trucks and SUVs, and is an all-aluminum design. It has a 10.8:1 compression ratio and produces 332 hp (248 kW) at 5100 rpm and 367 lb⋅ft (498 N⋅m) at 4100 rpm. Engine VIN code of 5.

In 2008 this engine was selected by Wards as one of the 10 best engines in any regular production vehicle.

Applications:

LZ1

The LZ1 is almost entirely based on its predecessor, the LFA, but with some revisions, such as including up-integrated electronic throttle control, long-life spark plugs, GM's Oil Life System, Active Fuel Management and variable valve timing. [7] It has the same compression ratio, power and torque ratings as its predecessor, the LFA.

Applications:

3.78 in. bore blocks (2005–present)

This family of blocks is just an updated version of its Generation III predecessor with Generation IV updates and capabilities. Applications of this family were mainly for trucks but did see some mild usage (with some modifications) in front-wheel-drive cars.

4.8 L

LY2

The Vortec 4800 LY2 (VIN code "C") is a Generation IV small block V8 truck engine. Like its LR4 predecessor, it gets its displacement from a bore and stroke of 96 mm × 83 mm (3.78 in × 3.27 in). The smallest member of the Generation IV engine family, it is unique in that it is the only member of that family that is used in trucks that does not feature variable valve timing. It has a cast iron block. Power output is 260–295 hp (194–220 kW) and torque is 295–305 lb⋅ft (400–414 N⋅m).

LY2 applications:

L20

The Vortec 4800 L20 makes more power and features variable valve timing. The system adjusts both intake and exhaust timing, but does not come with Active Fuel Management. The L20 has a cast iron block and power output is 260–302 hp (194–225 kW) while torque is 295–305 lb⋅ft (400–414 N⋅m). The Vortec 4800 base engines were dropped from the Chevrolet Tahoe and GMC Yukon in favor of the 5300 with Active Fuel Management.

L20 applications:

5.3 L

The Generation IV 5.3L engines share all the improvements and refinements found in other Generation IV engines. 8 versions of the Gen IV 5.3L engine were produced: 3 iron blocks (LY5, LMG, and LMF) and 5 aluminum blocks (LH6, LH8, LH9, LC9, and LS4). All versions featured Active Fuel Management except for the LH8, LH9 and LMF.

LMF

Introduced in 2010, the LMF is a lower tech version used in the lower volume half ton vehicles cargo vans with AWD that still used the 4 speed automatic, and do not use Active Fuel Management.

LMF applications:

LH6

The Vortec 5300 LH6 (VIN code "M") with Active Fuel Management replaced the LM4 for 2005, and was the first of the Generation IV small block V8 truck engines to go into production. The LH6 produced 300 to 315 hp (224 to 235 kW) and 330 to 338 lb⋅ft (447 to 458 N⋅m). It is the aluminum block counterpart to the LY5.

LH6 applications:
LY5

Introduced in 2007, the Vortec 5300 LY5 (VIN code "J") is the replacement for the LM7 Generation III engine. For SUV applications, it is rated at 320 hp (239 kW) and 340 lb⋅ft (461 N⋅m) of torque; while for pickup truck applications, it is rated at 315–320 hp (235–239 kW) at 5200 rpm and 335–340 lb⋅ft (454–461 N⋅m) at 4000 rpm

LY5 applications:
LMG

The Vortec 5300 LMG (VIN code "0") is the flexible-fuel version of the LY5. Power and torque ratings for SUV and pickup truck applications are the same as each application's LY5 rating. Variable valve timing was added for the 2010 model year.

LMG applications:
LC9

The Vortec 5300 LC9 (VIN code "3" or "7") is the aluminum block Flex-Fuel version of the LH6, and is found in 4WD models. SUV applications are rated at 320 hp (239 kW) at 5400 rpm and 335 lb⋅ft (454 N⋅m) at 4000 rpm. [8] Pickup truck applications are rated at 315 hp (235 kW) at 5300 rpm and 335 lb⋅ft (454 N⋅m) at 4000 rpm. [8] Variable valve timing was added for the 2010 model year.

LC9 applications:

LH8

The LH8 was introduced in 2008 as the V8 option for the Hummer H3. It was the most basic engine of its family, it did not use any special technology. Also known as the Vortec 5300, the LH8 was available in the H3 and GM mid-size pickups through 2009.

The LH8 is a variant of the 5.3 L Gen IV small block V8 modified to fit in the engine bay of the GMT 345 SUV and GMT 355 trucks. It produces 300 hp (224 kW) at 5200 rpm and 320 lb⋅ft (434 N⋅m) at 4000 rpm. It has a displacement of 5,327 cc (5.3 L; 325.1 cu in) [9] and a compression ratio of 9.9:1. [10]

LH8 applications:

Specifications
Bore & stroke (in/mm):3.78 x 3.62/96 x 92
Block material:cast aluminum
Cylinder head material:cast aluminum
Valvetrain:OHV, 2 valves per cylinder
Ignition system:coil near plug, platinum-tipped spark plugs, low-resistance spark plug wires
Fuel delivery:sequential fuel injection
Compression ratio:9.9:1
Horsepower (hp/kW @ rpm):300/224 @ 5200
Torque (lb.-ft./Nm @ rpm):320/434 @ 4000
Recommended fuel:regular unleaded
Maximum engine speed (rpm):6000
Emissions controls:evaporative system, four close-couple and underfloor catalytic converters
LH9

In 2010, the LH8 was replaced by the LH9. The LH9 was upgraded with Variable Valve Timing (VVT) and flex fuel capability. The Vortec 5300 LH9 produces 300 hp (224 kW) at 5200 rpm and 320 lb⋅ft (434 N⋅m) at 4000 rpm. It has a displacement of 5,327 cc (5.3 L; 325.1 cu in). [9] The compression ratio was 9.9:1 for 2010, but was reduced to 9.7:1 for the remaining two years of production. [11] [12] [13]

LH9 applications:

LS4
5.3 L LS4 V8 in a 2006 Chevrolet Impala SS 2006 Chevrolet Impala SS LS4 engine.jpg
5.3 L LS4 V8 in a 2006 Chevrolet Impala SS
LS4 can also refer to a 454 cu in (7.4 L) Chevrolet Big-Block engine of the 1970s

The LS4 is a 5,327 cc (5.3 L; 325.1 cu in) version of the Generation IV block. Though it has the same displacement as the Vortec 5300 LY5, it features an aluminum block instead of iron, and it uses the same cylinder head casting as the Generation III LS6 engine. The bellhousing bolt pattern differs from the rear-wheel drive blocks.

This engine is adapted for transverse front-wheel drive applications. According to GM, "The crankshaft is shortened 13–3 mm (0.51–0.12 in) at the flywheel end and 10 mm (0.39 in) at the accessory drive end – to reduce the length of the engine compared to the 6.0 L. All accessories are driven by a single serpentine belt to save space. The water pump is mounted remotely with an elongated pump manifold that connects it to the coolant passages. Revised oil pan baffles, or windage trays, are incorporated into the LS4 to ensure that the oil sump stays loaded during high-g cornering." [14] Active Fuel Management is also used. Output of this version is 303 hp (226 kW)/300 hp on LaCrosse Super and 323 lb⋅ft (438 N⋅m).

Applications:

4.125 in. bore blocks (2006–present)

Inspired by the LS1.R in size and performance goals, this family of blocks was designed for race oriented performance. The only engine with this bore size that was used in a production vehicle is the LS7 with the LSX being only for aftermarket use. One unique feature of this family is that the cylinders are siamesed, no water passages between neighboring cylinders. [15] This was done to increase both bore size and block strength.

7.0 L

LS7

7.0 L LS7 engine in a 2006 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 2006 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 LS7 engine.jpg
7.0 L LS7 engine in a 2006 Chevrolet Corvette Z06
LS7 can also refer to a 454 over the counter 460+ hp high compression engine Chevrolet Big-Block engine of the 1970s

The LS7 is a 7,011 cc (7.0 L; 427.8 cu in) engine, based on the Gen IV architecture. The block is changed, with sleeved cylinders in an aluminum block with a larger bore 4.125 in (104.8 mm) and longer stroke 4 in (101.6 mm) than the LS2. The small-block's 4.4 in (110 mm) bore spacing is retained, requiring pressed-in cylinder liners. The crankshaft and main bearing caps are forged steel for durability, the connecting rods are forged titanium, and the pistons are hypereutectic. The two-valve arrangement is retained, though the titanium intake valves by Del West have grown to 2.2 in (56 mm) and sodium-filled exhaust valves are up to 1.61 in (41 mm).

Peak output is 505 bhp (512 PS; 377 kW) at 6300 rpm and 470 lb⋅ft (637 N⋅m) of torque at 4800 rpm with a 7000 rpm redline. [16] During GM's reliability testing of this engine in its prototype phase, the LS7 was remarked to have been repeatedly tested to be 8000 rpm capable, although power was not recorded at that rpm level, due to the constraints of the camshaft's hydraulic lifters and the intake manifold ability to flow required air at that engine speed.

The LS7 is hand-built by the General Motors Performance Build Center in Wixom, Michigan. Most of these engines are installed in the Z06, some are also sold to individuals by GM as a crate engine. While it has the same displacement the Hennessey Venom GT utilizes an iron block LSX, not an LS7. The 2014 and 2015 z28 were the only Camaros to receive the 427 LS7.

After an extensive engineering process over several years, Holden Special Vehicles fitted the LS7 to a special edition model: the W427. The HSV-tuned engine produced 375 kW (510 PS; 503 bhp) at 6500 rpm and 640 N⋅m (472 lb⋅ft) at 5000 rpm of torque. [17] It was unveiled at the Melbourne International Motor Show on February 29, 2008 [18] and went on sale in August 2008. The first Australian car to be fitted with this engine, however, was the CSV GTS of 2007, which was claimed to have a power output of 400 kW (536 hp) and 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft). [19]

Applications:

4.06 in. bore blocks (2007–present)

This family was designed as a replacement for the LS2 but enlarged to better accommodate variable valve timing and Active Fuel Management while still generating good performance. This family of engines has mainly seen duty in performance cars and high-end SUVs.

6.2 L

L92

The 2007 Cadillac Escalade has a 6,162 cc (6.2 L; 376.0 cu in)Vortec 6200 (RPO L92) engine. It is an all-aluminum design which, while still a pushrod engine, boasts variable valve timing. The system adjusts both intake and exhaust timing between two settings. This engine produces 403 hp (301 kW) and 417 lb⋅ft (565 N⋅m) in the GMC Yukon Denali/XL Denali, GMC Sierra Denali, Hummer H2, and briefly in the Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ (midway through MY 2008 through MY 2009) and rated at 403 hp (301 kW) and 415 lb⋅ft (563 N⋅m). Starting in 2009, it was also available in the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra, as the L9H, with power ratings of 403 hp (301 kW) and 417 lb⋅ft (565 N⋅m). Engines built prior to April 1, 2006 contained AFM components, but the software was not present in the PCM and thus the system was not functional. Engines built after this date did not have any AFM components, and instead used a valley cover plate similar to the L20, save for the L94 variants mentioned below.

The 2009 L92 was modified with Flex Fuel capability, becoming the L9H. In 2010, the L9H was further modified with Active Fuel Management, becoming the L94 (in the Cadillac Escalade and GMC Yukon Denali).

Applications:

LS3

GM LS3 Engine in a 2008 Chevrolet Corvette GM LS3 Engine.jpg
GM LS3 Engine in a 2008 Chevrolet Corvette
LS3 can also refer to a 402 cu in (6.6 L) Chevrolet Big-Block engine of the 1970s

The LS3 was introduced as the Corvette's new base engine for the 2008 model year. It produces 430 bhp (321 kW; 436 PS) at 5900 rpm and 424 lb⋅ft (575 N⋅m) at 4600 rpm without the optional Corvette exhaust and is SAE certified. The block is an updated version of the LS2 casting featuring a larger bore of 103.25 mm (4.065 in) creating a displacement of 6,162 cc (6.2 L; 376.0 cu in). It also features higher flowing cylinder heads sourced from the L92, a more aggressive camshaft with 0.551 in (14 mm) lift, a 10.7:1 compression ratio, a revised valvetrain with 0.236 in (6 mm) offset intake rocker arms, a high-flow intake manifold and 47 lb (21 kg)/hr fuel injectors from the LS7 engine.

The L76/L92/LS3 cylinder heads use 2.165 in (55 mm) intake valves, and 1.59 in (40 mm) exhaust valves. Improved manufacturing efficiency makes these heads cheaper than the outgoing LS6 heads, and severely undercuts aftermarket heads. The large valves, however, limit maximum rpm - 6000 in the L76 (with AFM), and 6600 in the LS3 (with hollow stem valves).

In addition to the above, a dual-mode exhaust package with a bypass on acceleration was available on C6 Corvettes. The dual-mode exhaust uses vacuum-actuated outlet valves, which control engine noise during low-load operation, but open for maximum performance during high-load operation. The system is similar to the C6 Z06, but uses a 2.5 in (64 mm) diameter exhaust compared to the Z06's 3 in (76.2 mm). Power is boosted to 436 hp (325 kW) and 428 lb⋅ft (580 N⋅m) with this option. A similar system was optional on later model 5th generation Chevrolet Camaros and standard on the 2016-2017 Chevrolet SS, but no horsepower or torque increases were advertised on those vehicles.

From April 2008, Australian performance car manufacturer HSV adopted the LS3 as its standard V8 throughout the range, replacing the LS2. The LS3 received modifications for its application to HSV E Series models, producing 425 bhp (317 kW). The LS3 engine in the E Series II GTS (released September 2009) was upgraded to produce 436 bhp (325 kW). All HSV MY12.5 excluding the base Maloo and Clubsport variants have been upgraded to produce 436 bhp (325 kW).

From September 2015 Holden introduced the LS3 in all V8 models of the VF II Commodore and WN II Caprice-V, replacing the 6.0L L77.

Applications:

L99

For the 4.3 L (260 cu in) Generation II engine of the same RPO, see GM LT Engine

The L99 is derived from the LS3 with reduced output but adds Active Fuel Management (formerly called Displacement on Demand) and variable valve timing, which allows it to run on only four cylinders during light load conditions.

Applications:

LS9

The Gen IV LS9 is a supercharged 6,162 cc (6.2 L; 376.0 cu in) engine, based on the LS3; the LS7 block was not used due to the higher cylinder pressures created by the supercharger requiring the thicker cylinder walls of the LS3. Cylinder dimensions are now bore and stroke of 103.25 mm × 92 mm (4.065 in × 3.622 in). It is equipped with an Eaton four-lobe Roots type supercharger and has a compression ratio of 9.1:1. Power output is rated 638 bhp (647 PS; 476 kW) at 6500 rpm and 604 lb⋅ft (819 N⋅m) at 3800 rpm of torque. [21] Note: GM previously used the LS9 RPO code on 1969 and later Chevrolet trucks (both 2WD and 4WD) including Blazers, Jimmys, Suburbans, as well as car carriers. The original LS9 was a 350 cu in (5.7 L) V8, developing 160 hp (119 kW) and 245 lb⋅ft (332 N⋅m) of torque.

Applications:

LSA

The supercharged 6.2L LSA is similar to the LS9 and debuted in the 2009 CTS-V. The LSA has been SAE certified at 556 bhp (415 kW) at 6100 rpm and 551 lb⋅ft (747 N⋅m) at 3800 rpm. GM labeled it "the most powerful ever offered in Cadillac's nearly 106-year history". The LSA features a smaller 1.9 L (120 cu in) capacity supercharger rather than the 2.3 L (140 cu in) variant of the LS9. Other differences include a slightly lower 9.0:1 compression ratio, single unit heat exchanger and cast pistons.

A 580 bhp (433 kW) and 556 lb⋅ft (754 N⋅m) version of the LSA engine is used in the 2012 Camaro ZL1. On May 15, 2013, Holden Special Vehicles announced that this version of the LSA engine will also be used in the GEN-F GTS.

Applications:

Generation V (2013–present)

Generation V
Engine - 2015 GMC Yukon Denali (14489518072).jpg
Overview
Manufacturer General Motors
Also called Ecotec3
Production2013–present
Layout
Configuration V8
Displacement
  • 4,301 cc (262.5 cu in)
  • 5,327 cc (325.1 cu in)
  • 6,162 cc (376.0 cu in)
Cylinder bore
  • 99.6 mm (3.92 in)
  • 96 mm (3.78 in)
  • 103.25 mm (4.065 in)
Piston stroke 92 mm (3.622 in)
Block material Aluminum
Head materialAluminum
Valvetrain OHV 2 valves / cyl.
Compression ratio
  • 10.0:1
  • 11.0:1
  • 11.5:1
Combustion
Fuel system Direct injection
Fuel type Gasoline, E85
Oil system Wet sump
Cooling system Water-cooled
Chronology
Predecessor Generation IV

In 2007, wardsauto.com reported that the LS3 (used by 2008 Chevrolet Corvette) and Vortec 6000 LFA (used by 2008 Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid) engines would be the final two designs in the Generation IV small-block engine family, and the future designs would be part of the Generation V engine family. An experimental engine was built based on L92 engine from Cadillac Escalade, GMC Yukon Denali and Hummer H2, and reported to generate 450 bhp (336 kW) on gasoline via direct fuel injection, increased compression ratio to 11.5:1, and a modified engine controller. [22] The first Gen V LT engine was the LT1, announced in 2012 as the initial powerplant for the redesigned Corvette C7, succeeding the LS engine family. The new logo formally adopts the Small Block name for the engines.

The fifth generation of the iconic GM small block engine family features the same cam-in-block architecture and 4.4 in (110 mm) bore centers (the distance between the centers of each cylinder) that were born with the original small block in 1954. Structurally, the Gen-V small-block is similar to the Gen III/IV engines, including a deep-skirt cylinder block. Refinements and new or revised components are used throughout, including a revised cooling system and all-new cylinder heads. Because the positions of the intake and exhaust valves are flipped from where they would be in an LS engine, as well as the need for an addition to the camshaft to drive the high pressure fuel pump for the direct fuel injection, there is very little interchange with the Gen III/IV engines.

All Gen V engines are aluminum blocks (except for the L8T) with aluminum cylinder heads, and include direct injection, piston cooling jets, active fuel management, variable displacement oil pump, and continuously variable valve timing. However, they all retain their ancestors' two-valve pushrod valvetrain.

4.06 in. bore blocks (2014 – present)

This family of blocks were the first of the generation V small block with the LT1 being the progenitor of this family and generation. This family of blocks has seen a wide range of applications from performance vehicles to truck usage.

6.2 L

LT1

For the 5.7 L (350 cu in) Generation II engine of the same RPO, see GM LT Engine

The 6.2 L; 376.0 cu in (6,162 cc) LT1 engine debuted in the 2014 Chevrolet Corvette Stingray and is the first Generation V small block engine. Like its LS3 predecessor, it gets its displacement from a bore and stroke of 103.25 mm × 92 mm (4.065 in × 3.622 in) with a compression ratio of 11.5 to 1.

Applications:

Year(s)ModelPowerTorqueDyno Chart
2014–2019 Chevrolet Corvette C7 455 hp (339 kW) @ 6000 rpm460 lb⋅ft (624 N⋅m) @ 4600 rpm link
460 hp (343 kW) @ 6000 rpm (Performance Exhaust)465 lb⋅ft (630 N⋅m) @ 4600 rpm (Performance Exhaust) link
2016–present Chevrolet Camaro SS 455 hp (339 kW) @ 6000 rpm455 lb⋅ft (617 N⋅m) @ 4400 rpm

LT2

The LT2 engine debuted in the 2020 Corvette Stingray as the successor to the LT1. It was designed specifically with mid-engine placement and dry-sump lubrication in mind.

Applications:

Year(s)ModelPowerTorqueDyno Chart
2020–present Chevrolet Corvette Stingray 490 hp (365 kW) @ 6450 rpm465 lb⋅ft (630 N⋅m) @ 5150 rpm
495 hp (369 kW) @ 6450 rpm (Performance Exhaust)470 lb⋅ft (637 N⋅m) @ 5150 rpm (Performance Exhaust)

L86/L87

The 6.2 L; 376.0 cu in (6,162 cc) EcoTec3 is a Generation V small block V8 truck engine. (VIN Code "J") The L86 is an LT1 engine modified for truck use with a compression ratio of 11.5 to 1. In 2019, GM introduced the L87 as the successor to the L86. Power and Torque remains the same, but whereas the L86's 'Active Fuel Management' alternates between V4 & V8 modes, the L87's 'Dynamic Fuel Management' can alternate between any of 17 different firing orders which vary both how many and which cylinder[s] are actually firing based on demand calculated every 125 milliseconds.

Applications:

Year(s)ModelPowerTorqueDyno Chart
2014–2018 Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 420 hp (313 kW) @ 5600 rpm460 lb⋅ft (624 N⋅m) @ 4100 rpm link
GMC Yukon Denali/Denali XL link
Cadillac Escalade/Escalade ESV link
2014–present Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Yukon XL link

L8T

The L8T is the first iron block member of the Gen V family. It shares its 103.25 mm bore with the L86, but with a longer stroke of 98mm to displace 6.6 Liters. It is rated for 401 horsepower at 5,200 RPM and 464 lb-ft of torque at 4,000 RPM. The compression ratio is 10.8:1. The longer stroke yields little additional peak torque output compared to the L86, but only requires 87 Octane. The stroke is also shorter than the LS7's 101.6 mm, to optimize rod ratio for reliability.

Rather than allow a "high-strung" small block to fail the HD truck market, the iron block, lack of both stop-start and cylinder deactivation, longer stroke and rod ratio, lower compression, mere 87 Octane requirement, and greater displacement all suggest that the L8T was designed specifically to assuage the HD truck market's concerns. [ citation needed ]

Applications:

Year(s)ModelPowerTorqueDyno Chart
2020–present Chevrolet Silverado HD/GMC Sierra HD 401 hp (299 kW) @ 5200 rpm464 lb⋅ft (629 N⋅m) @ 4000 rpm
2021–present Chevrolet Express/GMC Savana

LT4

For the 5.7 L (350 cu in) Generation II engine of the same RPO, see GM LT Engine

The 6.2 L; 376.0 cu in (6,162 cc) LT4 engine builds on the design strengths of the previous LS9 supercharged engine used in the sixth-generation Corvette ZR1 and leverages the technologies introduced on the seventh-generation Corvette Stingray, including direct injection, cylinder deactivation and continuously variable valve timing, to take Corvette performance to an all-new level. The LT4 engine is based on the same Gen 5 small block foundation as the Corvette Stingray's LT1 6.2 L naturally aspirated engine, incorporating several unique features designed to support its higher output and the greater cylinder pressures created by forced induction, including: Rotocast A356T6 aluminum cylinder heads that are stronger and handle heat better than conventional aluminum heads, lightweight titanium intake valves, forged powder metal steel connecting rods which are highly machined to an optimized geometry for increased strength while eliminating unnecessary reciprocating mass, 10.0:1 compression ratio, high for a forced-induction engine, enhances performance and efficiency and is enabled by direct injection, forged aluminum pistons with unique, stronger structure to ensure strength under high cylinder pressures, stainless steel exhaust manifolds for structure at higher temperatures, aluminum balancer for reduced mass, and standard dry-sump oiling system with a dual-pressure-control oil pump. [23] The engine uses a 1.7 L (103.7 cu in) Eaton TVS Supercharger. Although smaller than the previous 2.3 L (140.4 cu in) supercharger used on the sixth-gen ZR1, it spins to 5000 RPM faster thus generating boost quicker while making only slightly less total boost than the LS9 engine. [24]

Applications:

Year(s)ModelPowerTorqueDyno Chart
2015–2019 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 650 hp (485 kW) @ 6400 rpm650 lb⋅ft (881 N⋅m) @ 3600 rpm link
2016–2019 Cadillac CTS-V 640 hp (477 kW) @ 6400 rpm630 lb⋅ft (854 N⋅m) @ 3600 rpm
2017–present Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 650 hp (485 kW) @ 6400 rpm650 lb⋅ft (881 N⋅m) @ 3600 rpm link

LT5

The 6.2 L; 376.0 cu in (6,162 cc) LT5 engine debuted in the seventh-generation Corvette ZR1 at the 2017 Dubai Motor Show. It draws its name from the 5.7L LT5 from the C4 manufactured from 1989–1995. The original LT5 is rarely known as a Chevy small block V8, as it was designed and built with Lotus, and implements a DOHC 32 Valve multi-port injection system, instead of the push-rod design. The new (and unrelated) LT5, however, has increased its displacement from 5.7 to 6.2 L, retains the Gen V OHV valvetrain, and is topped with a 2.6 L (158.7 cu in) Eaton TVS Supercharger and an improved intercooler. It simultaneously couples the standard direct injection system found on Gen 5 engines with port fuel injection. Power output is 755 bhp (765 PS; 563 kW) at 6400 rpm and 715 lb⋅ft (969 N⋅m) of torque at 3600 rpm.

Applications:

Year(s)ModelPowerTorqueDyno Chart
2019 Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 755 hp (563 kW) @ 6400 rpm715 lb⋅ft (969 N⋅m) @ 3600 rpm'

3.78 in. bore blocks (2014 – present)

Unlike the previous Generation III/IV 3.78 in (96 mm) bore block families, there is no 4.8 L (290 cu in) displacement variant (having been 'replaced' by GM's 5th Generation LT V8-based V6, the 4.3 L (260 cu in) LV3).

5.3 L

L83

Dubbed EcoTec3 5.3 L (320 cu in) is a Generation V small block V8 truck engine.(VIN Code "C") Like its Vortec 5300 Generation IV predecessor, it gets its displacement from a bore and stroke of 96 mm × 92 mm (3.78 in × 3.62 in) with a compression ratio of 11.0 to 1.

Applications:

Year(s)ModelPowerTorqueDyno Chart
2014–2019 Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 355 hp (265 kW) @ 5600 rpm383 lb⋅ft (519 N⋅m) @ 4100 rpm link
376 hp (280 kW) @ 5600 rpm E85416 lb⋅ft (564 N⋅m) @ 4000 rpm E85
2014–present Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon 355 hp (265 kW) @ 5600 rpm383 lb⋅ft (519 N⋅m) @ 4100 rpm link
376 hp (280 kW) @ 5600 rpm E85416 lb⋅ft (564 N⋅m) @ 4000 rpm E85
2014–present Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Yukon XL 355 hp (265 kW) @ 5600 rpm383 lb⋅ft (519 N⋅m) @ 4100 rpm link
376 hp (280 kW) @ 5600 rpm E85416 lb⋅ft (564 N⋅m) @ 4000 rpm E85

L8B

The L8B is an eAssist mild hybrid version of the L83 featuring a .45-KWH lithium ion battery pack. This setup can improve fuel efficiency by about 13%. This adds about 100 lb (45 kg) to the total weight of the truck but provides an additional 13 hp (10 kW) and 44 lb⋅ft (60 N⋅m). [25] [26]

Applications:

Year(s)ModelPowerTorqueDyno Chart
2016–2018 Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 355 hp (265 kW) @ 5600 rpm383 lb⋅ft (519 N⋅m) @ 4100 rpm

L82

The L82 is one of two 5.3 liter V8s available in the 4th generation Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra. The L82 uses Active Fuel Management instead of the L84's Dynamic Fuel Management system, and is only available on lower trim trucks.

L84

The L84 is one of two 5.3 liter V8s available in the 4th generation Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra. The L84 is distinguished from the L82 by the presence of the Dynamic Fuel Management System, and is either available or standard on mid- to high-level trims.

3.921 in. bore blocks (2014 – present)

These V6 engines are based on the V8 version of the Gen V family, but with two fewer cylinders - a design lineage that dates back to the previous 4.3L V6, which was itself a Gen I small block with a pair of cylinders removed.

Of special note, there were no V6 engines based on Generation II, III, or IV small block V8s.

4.3 L

LV3

Dubbed EcoTec3 4.3 L (260 cu in) is a Generation V small block V6 truck engine. It gets its displacement from bore and stroke of 99.6 mm × 92 mm (3.921 in × 3.622 in) with a compression ratio of 11.0 to 1. Firing order is 1-6-5-4-3-2.

This engine replaces the unrelated 4.3 L V6 whose lineage dates back to 1978.

Applications:

Year(s)ModelPowerTorqueDyno Chart
2014–present Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra 285 hp (213 kW) @ 5300 rpm305 lb⋅ft (414 N⋅m) @ 3900 rpm link
297 hp (221 kW) @ 5300 rpm E85330 lb⋅ft (447 N⋅m) @ 3900 rpm E85

Engine table

The 8th character in the VIN or the RPO code from the glove box sticker can be used to identify which type of LS engine a vehicle has.

Note 1: depending upon vehicle application (truck, suv, car); horsepower, torque, and fuel requirements will vary. VIN code indicating engine RPO is usually not consistent between vehicle types (cars or trucks) or years. with few exceptions, RPM redline is generally 6000 or higher
Note 2: block features are generally dependent upon the Generation but are not always built-in. typical features are AFM (Advanced Fuel Management), VVT (Variable Valve Train), Front Wheel Drive (FWD) and other improvements. features marked with an * indicate that only certain model years have that feature

Gen III/IV/VYears OfferedEngine Code (vin code)Power (hp)Torque (lb.-ft.)Size (L)Fuel Type (E85/89/91/93)Bore (in)Stroke (in)Compression RatioBlock & Heads / Iron or AluminumBlock Features
III1997-05LS1 (G)305-350 @ 5600350-365 @ 44005.791 [27] 3.903.6210.25:1Aluminum
III2001-05LS6 (S)385-405 @ 6000385-400 @ 48005.73.903.6210.5:1Aluminum
III1999-07LR4 (V)255-285285-2954.83.783.39.45:1Iron/Alum. heads
III1999-07LM7 (T)270-295315-3355.33.783.629.49:1Iron/Alum. heads
III2002-07L59 (Z)285-295320-3355.3E85-capable3.783.629.9:1Iron/Alum. heads
III2003-04LM4 (P)2903255.33.783.6210.0:1Aluminum
III2005-08L33 (B)310 @ 5200335 @ 44005.33.783.6210.0:1Aluminum
III1999-08LQ4 (U)300-325 @ 5200360-370 @ 44006.04.003.629.4:1Iron/Iron-Alum. heads
III2002-07LQ9 (N)345 @ 5200380 @ 40006.04.003.6210.0:1Iron/Alum. heads
IV2008-17LS3 (W)426-436 @ 5900420-428 @ 46006.293rec4.063.6210.7:1Aluminum/Alum. headssodium exhaust valves
IV2010-15L99 (J)400 @ 5900410 @ 43006.2E85-capable4.063.6210.4:1Aluminum/Alum. headsAFM, VVT,
IV2009-11LSA (P)556-580 @ 6100551-556 @ 38006.293req4.063.629.1:1Aluminum/Alum. heads
IV2010-12L94 (F)403 @ 5700417 @ 43006.2E85-capable4.063.6210.4:1Aluminum/Alum. headsAFM, VVT
IV2007-09L76 (Y)361-367 @ 5600375-385 @ 44006.04.003.6210.4:1AluminumAFM
IV2011-16L77 (2)362 @ 5700391 @ 44006.0E85-capable4.003.6210.4:1AluminumAFM
IV2010-17L96 (G)322-360 @ 4400-5400373-382 @ 4200-44006.0E85-capable4.003.629.7:1Iron/Alum. headsVVT
IV2009-10L98 (H)362 @ 5700391 @ 44006.04.003.6210.4:1AluminumL76 with AFM hardware removed
IV2007-09LY2 (C)260-295295-3054.83.783.39.08:1Iron/Alum. headsno VVT
IV2010-12L20 (A)260-302 @ 5400295-305 @ 46004.8E85-capable3.783.38.8:1Iron/Alum. headsno AFM, VVT
IV2005-09LH6 (M)300-315330-3385.33.783.629.95:1AluminumAFM, VVT*
IV2007-09LY5 (J)315-320 @ 5200335-340 @ 40005.33.783.629.95:1Iron/Alum. headsAFM, VVT*
IV2008-12LMG (0)315-320 @ 5200335-340 @ 40005.3E85-capable3.783.629.6:1Iron/Alum. headsAFM, VVT*
IV2007-12LC9 (3) or (7)315-320 @ 5400335 @ 40005.3E85-capable3.783.629.95:1AluminumAFM, VVT*
IV2005-09LS4 (C)303 @ 5600323 @ 44005.33.783.6210.0:1AluminumAFM, FWD
IV2008-09LH8 (L)300 @ 5200320 @ 40005.33.783.62Aluminum
IV2007-08L92 (8)4034156.24.063.6210.5:1AluminumVVT
IV2009-12L9H (2)4034156.2E85-capable*4.063.6210.5:1AluminumVVT
IV2005–07,09LS2 (U)390-400 @ 6000400 @ 44006.0934.003.6210.9:1Aluminum
IV2007-10LY6 (K)361 @ 5600385 @ 44006.04.003.629.67:1Iron/Alum. headsVVT
IV2008-09LFA (5)332 @ 5100367 @ 41006.0Hybrid4.003.6210.8:1AluminumAFM
IV2010-12LZ1 (J)332 @ 5100367 @ 41006.0Hybrid4.003.6210.8:1AluminumAFM, VVT
IV2009-13LS9 (R/T) [28] 638 @ 6500604 @ 38006.2924.0653.629.1:1Aluminum/Alum. headssodium exhaust valves, 6600 redline, ZR1
IV2006-15LS7 (E)505 @ 6300470 @ 48007.0914.1254.0011.0:1 [29] Aluminum7000 redline, sodium exhaust valves
IV/VnoneLSX376450 @ 5900444 @ 46006.2924.063.629:1Aftermarket
IV/VnoneLSX454620 @ 6200590 @ 48007.4924.1854.12511.0:1Aftermarket
IV/VnoneLSX454R776 @ 7000680 @ 45007.41104.1854.12513.1:1Aftermarket [30]
V2014–presentLT1455-460 @ 6000455-465 @ 46006.293rec4.063.6211.5:1Aluminum/Alum. Heads
V2015–presentLT4640-650 @ 6400630-650 @ 36006.24.063.6210:1Aluminum/Alum. headsDI, 1.7L supercharger
V2018–presentLT5755 @ 6400715 @ 36006.24.063.6210:1Aluminum/Alum. headsVVT, hybrid DI, 2.6L supercharger, ZR1
V2014–presentL83 (C)355-376 @ 5600383-416 @ 41005.3E85-capable3.783.6211.0:1Aluminum/Alum. heads
V2014–presentL86 (J)420 @ 5600460 @ 41006.2NOT E85-capable4.063.6211.5:1Aluminum/Alum. heads
V2020–L8T [31] 401 @ 5200464 @ 40006.6874.063.8510.5:1Iron/Alum. headsVVT

Problems

In the early production run of the LS-series engine, some engines encountered 'piston slap' during the first few minutes after a cold engine start; this sound is caused by the pistons rocking slightly in the cylinder until they reach operating temperature/size. 'Piston slap' sometimes sounds more like a knock or the sound of a diesel engine running. It is typically only present when the engine is cold and disappears as the engine reaches operating temperature. The noise of 'piston slap' often is louder when listening for it below the oil pan.

Another common problem with the 2001-2006 5.3L engines was cracking cylinder heads. This is commonly called the 'Castech Head' failure on the internet. GM issued a TSB on this failure to help service techs identify the problem. The head casting number (which can be viewed from the passenger side of the vehicle just in front of the valve cover) was 706. Some heads with this casting number would fail (but not all of them) as GM had different suppliers for the same head. The failure was due to undetected porosity around the oil drains in the head. [32]

Build-your-own program

In 2011, Chevrolet Performance began to offer the build your own engine program for LS7 (part number 19259944) or LS9 (part number 19259945) crate engines. It also provides customers the experience of visiting GM's unique Performance Build Center in Wixom, Michigan, where they will join a specially trained engine builder to assist in the start-to-finish assembly of the engine they purchased – from installing the crankshaft in the cylinder block to topping off the engine with its intake system. In the case of the LS9, it also means installing the supercharger assembly. Upon completion, a personalized nameplate is added to the engine. [33]

The build-your-own engine program associated with the V8 engines, available for buyers of Chevrolet Corvette, Cadillac XLR and certain top-spec Chevrolet Camaro models, were temporarily halted after the closure of GM Performance Build Center in Wixom, Michigan. The program's venue was reported to be relocated to the Corvette assembly plant in Bowling Green, Kentucky. [34]

Aftermarket

LS7.R

The LS7.R engine is a variation of the LS7 used in the highly successful C6.R American Le Mans Series racecar. It was crowned as Global Motorsport Engine of the year by a jury of 50 race engine engineers on the Professional Motorsport World Expo 2006 in Cologne, Germany.

LSX

LSx is also used to denote any LS engine.

Chassis with LSX engine Chassis (4689544258).jpg
Chassis with LSX engine

At the 2006 SEMA show, GM Performance Parts introduced the LSX engine, an all-new cast-iron racing block based on the LS7 engine. It was designed with help from drag racing legend Warren Johnson. It offers displacements ranging from 364 to 511 cu in (6.0 to 8.4 L) with a bore x stroke of 4 14 in × 4 12 in (108.0 mm × 114.3 mm) and is capable of withstanding 2,500 bhp (1,864 kW). This block incorporates two extra rows of head-bolt holes per bank for increased clamping capacity. The six bolt steel main caps are the same ones used on the LS7 engine. The engine debuted at the auto show in a customized 1969 Camaro owned by Reggie Jackson. The LSX will be available starting the second quarter of 2007, set to be available in authorized dealerships and retailers on March 31, 2007. The Hennessey Venom GT also uses the LSX engine based on LS7. [35]

Chevrolet Performance LSX Bowtie block includes LSX specific six-bolts-per-cylinder head bolt pattern, billet-steel six-bolt dowel-located main bearing caps, extra-thick deck for maximum clamping force, extra-thick cylinder walls allow increased bore capacity (maximum 4.2 in (106.7 mm) bore still allows 0.2 in (5.1 mm) minimum wall thickness), true priority main oiling system, main web bay-to-bay breathing holes reduce crank windage, orange powder coat finish, machined bore at 3.88 in (98.6 mm) is ready for final boring/honing.

A 396 cu in (6.5 L) version is used in NASCAR for the Gander Outdoors Truck Series and the ARCA Racing Series as an option engine. Most teams in both series (known as "NT1" in the Truck Series and the "ARCA 396" in ARCA) have switched to the engine because of cost savings.

LSX376

Chevrolet Performance LSX376 crate engines are updated versions of LSX crate engine family designed to support up to 1,000 hp (746 kW). All models use Chevrolet Performance LSX Bowtie block.

LSX376-B15 (part number 19299306) includes forged steel crankshaft, forged powdered metal I-beam rods (both the crankshaft and rods from LSA engine) and forged aluminum pistons (9.0:1 compression), high-flow rectangular-port six-bolt LSX-LS3 heads for supercharged and turbocharged combinations producing up to 15 psi (1.0 bar) of boost and up to about 1,000 hp (746 kW).

LSX376-B8 (part number 19171049) is a more economical version that is capable of approximately 8 psi (0.55 bar), for engine producing approximately 600 hp (447 kW). It is designed for production-style supercharger and turbo systems used without enhancements or modifications. [36]

LS Edge

Noonan Race Engineering developed two billet aluminium blocks based on the LS engine. Bores sizes up to 4.185 in and strokes up to 4.5 in are available, making a 495 cu in displacement possible. The billet construction provides added block integrity suited to high horsepower applications.

The block design incorporates turbocharger pressure feed lines in the front of the valley and oil dump ports in the side of the block to return oil to the sump.

In addition to the solid block, a waterjacketed version was also designed to provide better cooling options for street or endurance purposes. [37]

See also

Related Research Articles

Chevrolet Silverado full-size pickup truck

The Chevrolet Silverado is a range of trucks manufactured by General Motors under the Chevrolet brand. Introduced for the 1999 model year, the Silverado is the successor to the long-running Chevrolet C/K model line. Taking its name from the top trim level from the Chevrolet C/K series, the Silverado is offered as a series of full-size pickup trucks, chassis cab trucks, and medium-duty trucks. The fourth generation of the model line was introduced for the 2019 model year.

Chevrolet big-block engine car engine

The Chevrolet "Big Block" is a term for a series of large displacement V8 engines that have been developed and produced in the United States from the 1950s until 2009. As American automobiles grew in size and weight following the Second World War, the engines powering them had to keep pace. Chevrolet had introduced its popular small block V8 in 1955, but needed something larger to power its medium duty trucks and the heavier cars that were on the drawing board.

1}}
3.67 in (93.2 mm)
3.736 in (94.9 mm)
3.75 in (95.3 mm)
3.875 in (98.4 mm)
4 in (101.6 mm)
4.125 in (104.8 mm) |stroke = 3 in (76.2 mm)
3.1 in (78.7 mm)
3.25 in (82.6 mm)
3.48 in (88.4 mm)
3.75 in (95.3 mm) |displacement = 262 cu in (4.3 L) (1975-1976)
265 cu in (4.3 L) (1955-1957)
267 cu in (4.4 L) (1979-1982)
283 cu in (4.6 L) (1957-1967)
302 cu in (4.9 L) (1967-1969)
305 cu in (5.0 L) (1976-2002)
307 cu in (5.0 L) (1968-1973)
327 cu in (5.4 L) (1962-1969)
350 cu in (5.7 L) (1967-2003)
400 cu in (6.6 L) (1970-1981) |valvetrain = OHV 2 valves x cyl.
DOHC 4 valves x cyl. (LT5) |fueltype = Gasoline |fuelsystem = Carburetor, fuel injection |coolingsystem = Water cooled |compression = 8.2:1, 8.3:1, 8.4:1, 8.5:1, 8.6:1, 9.0:1, 9.1:1, 9.5:1, 10.25:1, 11.0:1 |redline = 6,500 |power = 110–475 hp (82–354 kW) |torque = 215–400 lb⋅ft (292–542 N⋅m) |predecessor = Chevrolet Series D |successor = Gen III-V GM small-block engine }} The Chevrolet small-block engine is a series of V8 automobile engines used in normal production by the Chevrolet division of General Motors between 1954 and 2003, using the same basic engine block. Referred to as a "small-block" for its comparative size relative to the physically much larger Chevrolet big-block engines, the family spanned from 262 cu in (4.3 L) to 400 cu in (6.6 L) in displacement. Engineer Ed Cole is credited with leading the design for this engine.

General Motors 60° V6 engine

The General Motors 60° V6 engine family was a series of 60° V6 engines which were produced for both longitudinal and transverse applications. All of these engines are 12-valve cam-in-block or overhead valve engines, except for the LQ1; which uses 24 valves driven by dual overhead cams. These engines vary in displacement between 2.5 and 3.4 litres and have a cast-iron block and either cast-iron or aluminum heads. Production of these engines began in 1980 and ended in 2005 in the U.S., with production continued in China until 2010. This engine family was the basis for the GM High Value engine family. These engines have also been referred to as the X engines due to their first usage in the X-body cars.

The Chevrolet straight-six engine was Chevrolet's sole engine from 1929 through 1954, and was the company's base engine starting in 1955 when they added the small block V8 to the lineup. It was completely phased out in North America by 1990; in Brazil, GM held on to their fuel-injected version through the 1998 model year. It was replaced by more recently developed V6 and four-cylinder engines. Many popular cars and trucks, including the Chevrolet Camaro, Chevrolet Impala, and Chevrolet Suburban used the inline-six as the base engine. Chevrolet did not offer another inline-six until the 2002 General Motors Atlas engine's debut in the Chevrolet TrailBlazer.

Buick V6 engine

The Buick V6, popularly referred to as the 3800, originally 198 cu in (3.2 L) and initially marketed as Fireball at its introduction in 1962, was a large V6 engine used by General Motors. The block is made of cast iron and all use two-valve-per-cylinder iron heads, actuated by pushrods. The engine, originally designed and manufactured in the United States, was also produced in later versions in Australia.

GM High Value engine engine family from General Motors

The High Value engine family from General Motors is a group of Cam in Block or "Overhead valve" V6 engines. They use the same 60° vee bank as the 60° V6 family they are based on, but the new 99 mm (3.90 in) bore required offsetting the bores by 1.5 mm (0.059 in) away from the engine centerline. These engines are the first cam in block engines to implement Variable valve timing, and won the 2006 Breakthrough Award from Popular Mechanics for this innovation. For the 2007 model year, the 3900 engine features optional displacement on demand or "Active Fuel Management" which deactivates a bank of cylinders under light load to increase highway fuel economy. It was rumored GM would produce a 3-valve design, but that never came to be. These engines were produced primarily at the GM factory in Tonawanda, New York and at the Ramos Arizpe engine plant in Mexico. The assembly line for this engine was manufactured by Hirata Corporation at their powertrain facility in Kumamoto, Japan.

Duramax V8 engine A diesel engine used in GM heavy duty truck linup.

The Duramax V8 engine is a General Motors Diesel V8 engine family for trucks. The 6.6-liter Duramax is produced by DMAX, a joint venture between GM and Isuzu in Moraine, Ohio. The Duramax block and heads are poured at The Defiance GM Powertrain foundry in Defiance County, Ohio. This engine was initially installed in 2001 Chevrolet and GMC trucks, and has been an option since then in pickups, vans, and medium-duty trucks. In 2006, production at Moraine was reportedly limited to approximately 200,000 engines per year. On May 9, 2007, DMAX announced the production of the 1,000,000th Duramax V-8 diesel at its Moraine facility. The 2,000,000th Duramax V8 engine rolled off the line in Moraine on March 24, 2017.

Chevrolet Suburban sport utility vehicle

The Chevrolet Suburban is a full-size SUV from Chevrolet. The name started in 1934 for the 1935 U.S. model year, making it the longest continuously used automobile nameplate in production. It has traditionally been one of General Motors' most profitable vehicles. The 1935 first generation Carryall Suburban was one of the first production all-metal bodied station wagons. It now comes with two engine options: either a 5.3 liter V8 or a 6.2 liter V8.

Oldsmobile V8 engine

The Oldsmobile V8, also referred to as the Rocket, is series of engines that was produced by Oldsmobile beginning in 1949. The Rocket, along with the 1949 Cadillac V8, were the first post-war OHV V8 engines produced by General Motors. Like all other GM divisions, Olds continued building its own V8 engine family for decades, adopting the corporate Chevrolet 350 small-block and Cadillac Northstar engine only in the 1990s. All Oldsmobile V8s were manufactured at plants in Lansing, Michigan.

Cadillac V8 engine The first automobile maker to produce V8 engines

Cadillac was the first automobile maker in the world to mass-produce V8 engines. The company has produced many generations and variations of V8s since 1914. In 2010, when the Northstar engine series ended production, it became the last General Motors division to retain its own proprietary V8 design.

General Motors Atlas engine Family of inline engines from GM

Atlas is a name for a family of modern inline piston engines for trucks from General Motors, used in the GMT 355 and GMT360 platforms. The series debuted in 2002 with the Oldsmobile Bravada, and is also used in the Buick Rainier, the Chevrolet TrailBlazer and Colorado, the GMC Envoy and Canyon, the Hummer H3, Isuzu Ascender and i-370, and the Saab 9-7X. The engines use GM's Vortec name, and Straight-4, Straight-5, and Straight-6 engines are all part of the same family, sharing the same manufacturing equipment, rods, pistons, valves, and other parts. They feature coil-on-plug ignition systems, variable valve timing on the exhaust side, electronic throttle control, and a special oil pan with a pass-through for the half shafts in four-wheel drive vehicles. The inclusion of VVT on the exhaust camshaft side allows the Atlas series to meet emissions standards without the use of EGR, simplifying the engine design and increasing power for a broad power curve. The LL8 shares 75% of its components with the LK5 and L52; while the LK5 and L52 share 89% of their components.

General Motors 122 engine

The 122 engine was designed by Chevrolet and was used in a wide array of General Motors vehicles. The 122 was similar to the first two generations of the General Motors 60° V6 engine; sharing cylinder bore diameters and some parts. The 122 was available in the US beginning in 1982 for the GM J platform compact cars and S-series trucks.

Super Sport (Chevrolet) performance version of Chevrolet car models

Super Sport, or SS, is the signature performance option package offered by Chevrolet on a limited number of its vehicles. All SS models come with distinctive "SS" markings on their exterior. The SS package was first made available for the 1961 Impala. Some of the other models bearing the SS badge include the Camaro, Chevelle, El Camino, Impala, Monte Carlo, Nova and Chevrolet Pickup Truck. Current SS models are produced by the GM Performance Division.

GMC V8 engine

GMC shared some engines with other General Motors divisions. But like their straight-6, GMC also has its own line of V8 engines.

Chevrolet S-10 Blazer type of SUV manufactured by Chevrolet

The Chevrolet S-10 Blazer and its badge engineered GMC S-15 Jimmy counterpart are compact/mid-size SUVs manufactured and marketed by Chevrolet and GMC from the 1983 through 2005 model years across two generations.

The 4L60E is a series of automatic transmissions from General Motors. Designed for longitudinal engine configurations, the series includes 4 forward gears and 1 reverse gear. The 4L60E is the electronically commanded evolution of the Turbo-Hydramatic 700R4, originally produced in 1982.

General Motors introduced a line of Diesel V8 engines for their C/K pickup trucks in 1982. This engine family was produced by GM through 2000, when it was replaced by the new Duramax line. AM General's subsidiary General Engine Products (GEP) still produces a military variant of this engine for the HMMWV.

General Motors 90° V6 engine Former American engine

The Chevrolet 90° V6 family of V6 engines began in 1978 with the Chevrolet 200 cu in (3.3 L) as the base engine for the all new 1978 Chevrolet Malibu. The original engine family was phased out in early 2014, with its final use as the 4.3 L (262 cu in) V6 engine used in Chevrolet and GMC trucks and vans. Its phaseout marks the end of an era of Chevrolet small-block engine designs dating back to the 1955 model year. A new Generation V 4.3 L (262 cu in) V6 variant entered production in late 2013, based on the LT1 small block V8 used in the 2014 Chevrolet Silverado.

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