Lindesnes

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Lindesnes Municipality
Lindesnes kommune
Municipality
20100509-Vigeland.jpg
View of Vigeland, the administrative centre of Lindesnes Municipality
Lindesnes komm (2020).svg
Coat of arms
Norway Counties Agder Position.svg
Agder within Norway
NO 4205 Lindesnes.svg
Lindesnes within Agder
Coordinates: 58°06′15″N07°17′20″E / 58.10417°N 7.28889°E / 58.10417; 7.28889
Country Norway
County Agder
District Sørlandet
Established1 Jan 1964
 • Preceded by Spangereid, Sør-Audnedal, and Vigmostad municipalities
Administrative centre Mandal
Government
 • Mayor (2023)Alf Erik Andersen (FrP)
Area
 • Total
933.53 km2 (360.44 sq mi)
 • Land883.22 km2 (341.01 sq mi)
 • Water50.34 km2 (19.44 sq mi)  5.4%
 • Rank#126 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total
23,479
 • Rank#55 in Norway
 • Density26.6/km2 (69/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase2.svg +5.2%
Demonyms Lindesnes-folk
Lindesnesmann (male)
Lindesneskvinne (female) [1]
Official language
[2]
 •  Norwegian form Bokmål
Time zone UTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 code NO-4205 [3]
Website Official website
Data from Statistics Norway

Lindesnes (English: the Naze) is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Mandal. Other villages in Lindesnes include Åvik, Høllen, Skofteland, Svenevig, Vigmostad, Heddeland, Bjelland, Breland, Koland, Laudal, Øyslebø, Bykjernen, Skjebstad, Sånum-Lundevik, Skogsfjord-Hesland, Krossen, Harkmark, Skinsnes-Ime, and Tregde-Skjernøy. [4]

Contents

The 934-square-kilometre (361 sq mi) municipality is the 126th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Lindesnes is the 55th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 23,479. The municipality's population density is 26.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (69/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.2% over the previous 10-year period. [5] [6]

General information

Lindesnes Fjellhallen (Millenium-Fjellhallen built in the rocks 2000-2004) Lindesnes left Millenium-FjellIhallen in the Rocks 2004 and Lighthouse museum shop right Norway Foto 2010 Wolfgang Pehlemann IMG 1171.jpg
Lindesnes Fjellhallen (Millenium-Fjellhallen built in the rocks 2000–2004)
Lindesnes fyr. The lighthouse is close to the southernmost point of mainland Norway. Lighthouse Lindesnes.jpg
Lindesnes fyr. The lighthouse is close to the southernmost point of mainland Norway.
Aerial view of the southern coastline of Lindesnes Lindesnes sett fra fly.jpg
Aerial view of the southern coastline of Lindesnes

The municipality of Lindesnes was created as a new municipality on 1 January 1964 after the merger of the older municipalities of Spangereid (population: 899), Sør-Audnedal (population: 2,323), and Vigmostad (population: 589). [7]

On 1 January 2020, the neighboring municipalities of Mandal and Marnardal were merged into Lindesnes, creating a much larger municipality of Lindesnes. At the same time, the administrative centre of the new, larger municipality was moved to the town of Mandal. [8]

Name

The oldest Old Norse form of the name was Líðandi. That name is derived from the verb líða which means "lead to an end" or "go to the end" and the meaning of this name is probably just "the end", referring to its location at the southern tip of Norway. A later form was Líðandisnes where the word nes which means "headland" was added (a word that is related to the English forms ness and naze). The traditional English language version of the name is just the Naze, derived from ness meaning headland. [4]

Coat of arms

The original coat of arms was granted on 25 April 1986 and it was in use until 1 January 2020 when the municipality was enlarged and a new coat of arms was adopted. The official blazon was "Azure a lighthouse issuant argent" (Norwegian : I blått et oppvoksende sølv fyrtårn). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is the top of a lighthouse. The lighthouse has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The lighthouse represents the local Lindesnes Lighthouse, the oldest lighthouse in Norway. It was built in 1655 on the Lindesnes peninsula. The arms were designed by Truls Nygaard who based it after a design by Rolf Dybvig. The municipal flag had the same design as the coat of arms. [9] [10] [11]

The new coat of arms was granted on 1 January 2020 and it was a slightly more modern take on the old arms. The blazon is "Azure, a lighthouse issuant and a crest a mural crown argent" (Norwegian : På blågrønn bakgrunn, et hvitt fyrtårn med murkrone). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a lighthouse with a crown above the shield. The charge has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The new arms have a slightly different design and the addition of a mural crown above the escutcheon to represent the fact that the municipality now includes the town of Mandal. The color was also changed to a more teal blue. [9] [12]

Churches

The Church of Norway has eight parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Lindesnes. It is part of the Lister og Mandal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark.

Churches in Lindesnes
Parish (sokn)Church nameLocation of the churchYear built
Bjelland Bjelland Church Bjelland 1793
Holum Holum Church Krossen 1825
Laudal Laudal Church Laudal 1826
Mandal Harkmark Church Harkmark 1613
Mandal Church Mandal 1821
Spangereid Spangereid Church Høllen c. 1140
Valle Valle Church Vigeland 1793
Vigmostad Vigmostad Church Vigmostad 1848
Øyslebø Øyslebø Church Øyslebø 1797

Government

Lindesnes Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. [13] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Agder District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Lindesnes is made up of 39 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Lindesnes kommunestyre 2023–2027 [14]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)5
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)9
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne)1
  Conservative Party (Høyre)6
  Industry and Business Party (Industri‑ og Næringspartiet)2
  The Conservatives (Konservativt)1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)3
  Liberal Party (Venstre)6
Total number of members:39
Lindesnes kommunestyre 2019–2023 [15]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)8
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)11
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne)2
  Conservative Party (Høyre)6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)1
  Liberal Party (Venstre)2
Total number of members:39
Lindesnes kommunestyre 2015–2019 [16]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)3
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)2
  Conservative Party (Høyre)7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)5
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet)1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)1
  Liberal Party (Venstre)2
Total number of members:21
Lindesnes kommunestyre 2011–2015 [17]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)2
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)2
  Conservative Party (Høyre)5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)5
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet)2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)1
  Liberal Party (Venstre)4
Total number of members:21
Lindesnes kommunestyre 2007–2011 [16]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)2
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)4
  Conservative Party (Høyre)3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)8
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)2
  Liberal Party (Venstre)2
Total number of members:21
Lindesnes kommunestyre 2003–2007 [16]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)3
  Conservative Party (Høyre)3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)1
  Liberal Party (Venstre)2
Total number of members:21
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1999–2003 [16]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)3
  Conservative Party (Høyre)5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)8
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)2
  Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1995–1999 [18]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)5
  Conservative Party (Høyre)6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)4
  Liberal Party (Venstre)4
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1991–1995 [19]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)5
  Conservative Party (Høyre)8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)4
  Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1987–1991 [20]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)7
  Conservative Party (Høyre)8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)3
  Liberal Party (Venstre)2
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1983–1987 [21]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)7
  Conservative Party (Høyre)8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)2
  Liberal Party (Venstre)2
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1979–1983 [22]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)5
  Conservative Party (Høyre)10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)3
  Liberal Party (Venstre)2
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1975–1979 [23]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)5
  Conservative Party (Høyre)7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)5
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet)1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)4
  Liberal Party (Venstre)2
  Cross-party list (Tverrpolitisk Liste)1
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1971–1975 [24]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)7
  Conservative Party (Høyre)2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)5
  Liberal Party (Venstre)7
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1967–1971 [25]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)7
  Conservative Party (Høyre)3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)5
  Liberal Party (Venstre)7
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1963–1967 [26]   
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)7
  Conservative Party (Høyre)3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet)5
  Liberal Party (Venstre)8
Total number of members:25

Mayors

The mayors (Norwegian : ordfører) of Lindesnes:

  • 1964–1967: Gunnar Gulli (V)
  • 1968–1971: Daniel Leland (Sp)
  • 1972–1975: Knut Lunden (KrF)
  • 1976–1979: Terje Gabrielsen (H)
  • 1980–1981: Kenneth Skofteland (KrF)
  • 1982–1983: Peder Skofteland (H)
  • 1984–1987: Kenneth Skofteland (KrF)
  • 1988–1993: Ansgar Gabrielsen (H)
  • 1993–1999: Oddleiv Skagestad (H)
  • 1999–2011: Ivar Lindal (KrF)
  • 2011–2019: Janne Fardal Kristoffersen (H)
  • 2019-2023: Even Sagebakken (Ap)
  • 2023-present: Alf Erik Andersen (FrP) [27]

Geography

Lindesnes is a coastal municipality, with a long stretch of coastline to the south. It borders Lyngdal municipality to the west, Evje og Hornnes to the north, and Kristiansand and Vennesla to the east. The Lindesnes Lighthouse stands on the southernmost point of the mainland of Norway, nearly 1,700 kilometres (1,100 mi) southwest of Knivskjellodden, the northernmost point of mainland Norway. The southern coast of Lindesnes is rugged and includes several fjords such as the Snigsfjorden and Grønsfjorden as well as many islands such as Svinør. The interior of the municipality follows the Audnadalen valley through which the river Audna flows south into the Snigsfjorden.

Climate

Lindesnes has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb). The weather station has been recording since January 1863, and is situated near the Lindesnes lighthouse on a peninsula protruding into the sea. It is the southernmost mainland point in Norway. The all-time high temperature is 27.3 °C (81.1 °F) recorded August 1975; the all-time low is −18.1 °C (−0.6 °F) recorded in January 1987. The five months May - September have not seen any overnight freeze, with coldest low 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) in May 1981 (data since 1954).

Climate data for Lindesnes Lighthouse 1991-2020 (extremes 1954-2020)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)10.2
(50.4)		9.5
(49.1)		14.9
(58.8)		18
(64)		23.2
(73.8)		26.4
(79.5)		27
(81)		27.3
(81.1)		21.3
(70.3)		16.6
(61.9)		13.7
(56.7)		11.4
(52.5)		27.3
(81.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)4.5
(40.1)		3.7
(38.7)		5
(41)		8.2
(46.8)		12.1
(53.8)		15.1
(59.2)		17.7
(63.9)		18.2
(64.8)		15.4
(59.7)		11.4
(52.5)		7.9
(46.2)		5.7
(42.3)		10.4
(50.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)2.9
(37.2)		2
(36)		3.2
(37.8)		6.1
(43.0)		9.9
(49.8)		13
(55)		15.6
(60.1)		16.2
(61.2)		13.6
(56.5)		9.8
(49.6)		6.3
(43.3)		4
(39)		8.5
(47.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)1.2
(34.2)		0.5
(32.9)		1.6
(34.9)		4.4
(39.9)		8.1
(46.6)		11.2
(52.2)		13.9
(57.0)		14.4
(57.9)		11.9
(53.4)		8.1
(46.6)		4.7
(40.5)		2.3
(36.1)		6.9
(44.3)
Record low °C (°F)−18.1
(−0.6)		−15.1
(4.8)		−11
(12)		−5.5
(22.1)		0.6
(33.1)		4.5
(40.1)		6
(43)		7.8
(46.0)		3.6
(38.5)		−1.6
(29.1)		−8.3
(17.1)		−16.5
(2.3)		−18.1
(−0.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)131.2
(5.17)		99.7
(3.93)		87.5
(3.44)		69
(2.7)		63.5
(2.50)		71.9
(2.83)		81.8
(3.22)		101.3
(3.99)		119.1
(4.69)		151.6
(5.97)		132.4
(5.21)		135.2
(5.32)		1,244.2
(48.97)
Average precipitation days17131310109101214161617157
Source 1: yr.no/Norwegian Meteorological Institute [28]
Source 2: NOAA - WMO averages 91-2020 Norway [29]


Climate data for Lindesnes Lighthouse 1961-1990
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)2.7
(36.9)		2.3
(36.1)		3.7
(38.7)		6.9
(44.4)		11.3
(52.3)		14.9
(58.8)		16.3
(61.3)		16.8
(62.2)		14.2
(57.6)		11.1
(52.0)		7.4
(45.3)		4.7
(40.5)		9.4
(48.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)1.1
(34.0)		0.5
(32.9)		2.0
(35.6)		4.7
(40.5)		9.0
(48.2)		12.5
(54.5)		14.2
(57.6)		14.8
(58.6)		12.4
(54.3)		9.6
(49.3)		5.6
(42.1)		2.9
(37.2)		7.4
(45.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−0.7
(30.7)		−1.3
(29.7)		0.3
(32.5)		2.8
(37.0)		7.3
(45.1)		10.7
(51.3)		12.4
(54.3)		13.0
(55.4)		10.7
(51.3)		7.9
(46.2)		3.8
(38.8)		0.9
(33.6)		5.7
(42.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)109
(4.3)		72
(2.8)		83
(3.3)		60
(2.4)		71
(2.8)		65
(2.6)		78
(3.1)		102
(4.0)		125
(4.9)		143
(5.6)		146
(5.7)		105
(4.1)		1,159
(45.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm)14.710.212.99.59.58.98.811.414.315.517.414.4147.5
Source: Norwegian Meteorological Institute [30]

Notable people

Public service & public thinking

Ellen Gleditsch, 1935 EllenGleditsch.jpg
Ellen Gleditsch, 1935
Adolph Tidemand, 1838 Adolph Tidemand Selvportrett.jpg
Adolph Tidemand, 1838
Gustav Vigeland, 1929 Gustav Vigeland 1929.jpg
Gustav Vigeland, 1929

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gjerstad</span> Municipality in Agder, Norway

Gjerstad is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional region of Sørlandet, in the southeastern part of the county, along the border with Telemark county. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Gjerstad. Other villages in the municipality include Ausland, Eikeland, Fiane, Gryting, Østerholt, Rød, Sundebru, and Vestøl.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vegårshei</span> Municipality in Agder, Norway

Vegårshei is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative center is the village of Myra. Other villages in Vegårshei include Mo and Ubergsmoen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tvedestrand</span> Municipality in Agder, Norway

is municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative center is the town of Tvedestrand. There are many villages in the municipality including Dypvåg, Fiane, Gjeving, Gødderstad, Grønland, Kilen, Klåholmen, Krokvåg, Laget, Lyngør, Nesgrenda, Østerå, Sagesund, Sandvika, and Songe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lillesand</span> Municipality in Agder, Norway

Lillesand is municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative center of the municipality is the town of Lillesand. Some of the larger villages in Lillesand municipality include Åkerøyhamn, Brekkestø, Gamle Hellesund, Helldal, Høvåg, Ribe, Skottevik, Trøe, Ulvøysund, and Vesterhus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iveland</span> Municipality in Agder, Norway

Iveland is a municipality in Agder County, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Setesdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Birketveit. Other villages in the municipality include Bakken, Skaiå, and Vatnestrøm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halse og Harkmark</span> Former municipality in Vest-Agder, Norway

Halse og Harkmark is a former municipality in the old Vest-Agder county, Norway. The 105-square-kilometre (41 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Halse, which at that time was a suburb of the town of Mandal. It was located in the southern part of the municipality of Mandal. The municipality of Halse og Harkmark encompassed the rural areas that surrounded the town of Mandal, including many islands such as Hille, Skjernøy, and Pysen. It is now located within Lindesnes Municipality in what is now Agder county.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vigmostad (municipality)</span> Former municipality in Vest-Agder, Norway

Vigmostad is a former municipality that was located in the old Vest-Agder county in Norway. The 89-square-kilometre (34 sq mi) municipality existed from 1911 until its dissolution in 1964. The old municipality roughly covered part of the present-day municipality of Lindesnes in Agder county. The administrative centre was the village of Vigmostad where Vigmostad Church is located.

References

  1. ↑ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ↑ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ↑ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. 1 2 Store norske leksikon. "Lindesnes" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  5. ↑ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ↑ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  7. ↑ Jukvam, Dag (1999). Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN   9788253746845.
  8. ↑ "Nye Lindesnes" (in Norwegian). Lindesnes kommune. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  9. 1 2 "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  10. ↑ "Lindesnes, Vest-Agder (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  11. ↑ "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 25 April 1986. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  12. ↑ "Har vedtatt nytt kommunevåpen". NRK Sørlandet (in Norwegian). 21 November 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  13. ↑ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget . Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  14. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Agder". Valgdirektoratet . Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  15. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 – Agder". Valgdirektoratet . Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  16. 1 2 3 4 "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  17. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 – Vest-Agder". Valgdirektoratet . Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  18. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  19. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  20. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  21. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  22. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  23. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  24. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  25. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  26. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  27. ↑ Nordahl, Victoria Marie (13 September 2023). "Lindesnes: Frp får ordføreren og Ap varaordfører". NRK (in Norwegian). Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  28. ↑ "yr.no/statistics".
  29. ↑ "NOAA WMO normals Norway 1991-2020".
  30. ↑ "eKlima Web Portal". Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Archived from the original on 14 June 2004.
  31. ↑ Tobias Santelmann at IMDb. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  32. ↑ Helene Bøksle at IMDb. Retrieved 19 November 2020.

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