List of geographic names of Iranian origin

  Countries that have English names, and settlement names, of Iranian origin

  Countries that have settlements with names of Iranian origin

  Countries that may have an Iranian root for their name

This is a list of geographic names of Iranian origin . This list also includes geographic names which are in part derived from Iranian languages.

Africa

Somalia

Mogadishu ^[1]

Bandar Beyla

Bandar Qaasim

Tanzania

Zanzibar

Tunisia

Kairouan

The name (ٱلْقَيْرُوَانAl-Qairuwân) is an Arabic deformation of the Persian word کاروانkârvân, meaning "military/civilian camp". ^{[2] [3] [4]}

Caucasus

Arran

Caucasus

Kura River

The name Kura is taken from the name Kurosh which is the Persian pronunciation of the name of the Persian king Cyrus the Great.

Armenia

Armenia

Main article: Armenia (name)

The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun inscription as Armina, and introduced into Greek by Herodotus as Ἀρμένιοι "Armenians", who in his review of the troops opposing the Greeks wrote that "the Armenians were armed like the Phrygians, being Phrygian colonists.". ^[5] ArmeniaἈρμενία as the name for the country of the Armenians is in use since Strabo. The ultimate origin of the exonym is also uncertain, but it may well be connected to an Assyrian toponym Armanî or Armânum, first recorded by Naram-Sin in the 23rd century BC as the name of an Akkadian colony in the Diyarbakır region.

Artavaz

Cities and regions

Dvin

The word is of Persian origin, and means hill. ^[6]

Hrazdan

The name Hrazdan is derived from the Middle-Persian name Frazdan. Farzdan is connected to the Zoroastrian mythology.

Sardarabad

Spitak

Zangezur

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan

Main articles: History of the name Azerbaijan and Azerbaijan (toponym)

The Republic of Azerbaijan gets its name from the Iranian region known as Azerbaijan. The name Azerbaijan is thought to be derived from Atropates , ^[7] the Satrap (governor) of Media in the Achaemenid empire, who ruled a region found in modern Iranian Azarbaijan called Atropatene . ^[8] Atropates name is believed to be derived from the Old Persian roots meaning "protected by fire." ^[9] The name is also mentioned in the Avestan Frawardin Yasht: âterepâtahe ashaonô fravashîm ýazamaide which translates literally to: We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare-pata. ^[10]

Cities and regions

See also: List of cities in Azerbaijan

Absheron Rayon

Astara and Astara (rayon)

There are two main theories for the etymology of the city's name. One is that it is derived from the Persian or Talysh word آهسته رو (Aste-ro or Aheste-ro), meaning "the place where the travel gets slower" (given the marshlands that surrounded the region before). . The oldest theory comes from Vedic songs and writings which explains Astara as a place where the rays of lights shine from behind to light the pathways ahead.

Babək rayon

Named after the Iranian hero Babak Khorramdin

Baku

The name Baku is widely believed to be derived from the old Persian names of the city Bad-kube, meaning "city where the wind blows", or Baghkuh, meaning "Mount of God". Arabic sources refer the city as Baku, Bakukh, Bakuya, and Bakuye, all of which seem to come from the original Persian name. Other theories suggest that the name dates back to Zoroastrianism and comes from the word Baga meaning "the god" in Avestan and Sanskrit. ^{[11] [12]}

Barda

The name of the town derives from Old Armenian Partaw (Պարտաւ), ^[13] itself from Iranian *pari-tāva- 'rampart', from *pari- 'around' and *tā̆v- 'to throw; to heap up'. ^[14]

Beylagan

The 5th century Armenian historian Moses of Chorene states that this name is from the Persian name Payda-gharan (پایداقاران), that its meaning is not clear, but that "-an" in the last section means "place of" in Persian.

Bilasuvar

It has been said that the ancient name was Pileh-Swar that in Persian means "the elephant-riding person ", named after one of the Buyid dynasty amirs.

Ganja

The name comes from the New Persian ganj (گنج

"treasure, treasury"), which itself is from the Middle Persian Ganjak of the same meaning.

Hadrut

Kalbajar

Karabakh

The word "Karabakh" originated from Turkic and Persian, literally meaning "black garden." ^{[15] [16]} The name first appears in Georgian and Persian sources in the 13th and 14th centuries. ^[16] The term Nagorno-Karabakh is a derivative that refers to the mountainous part of Karabakh (the Russian word нагорный – nagorny means "mountainous", "upland").

Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and Nakhchivan City

According to some, the name Nakhchivan derived from the Persian Nagsh-e-Jahan ("Image of the World"), a reference to the beauty of the area. ^{[17] [18]}

Nardaran

from the Persian Nar (Pomegranate)نار + Daran (trees) داران "Place with Pomegranate trees".

Ordubad

Sadarak

Shaki and Shaki (rayon)

According to the Azerbaijan Development Gateway, the name of the town goes back to the ethnonym of the Sakas, who reached the territory of modern-day Azerbaijan in the 7th century B.C. and populated it for several centuries. In the medieval sources, the name of the town is found in various forms such as Sheke, Sheki, Shaka, Shakki, Shakne, Shaken, Shakkan, Shekin.

Shirvan

Literally meaning "Land of the Lions" in Persian.

Shusha

Literally means "glass" and derives from New Persian Shīsha ("glass, vessel, bottle, flask"). ^{[19] [20]}

Siazan

The word Siyazan derives from the Tat words siya ("black") and zan ("woman").

Surakhani

Xirdalan

Zangilan

Zardab

Zardab is a Persian word (زردآب Zardab) meaning "yellow water".

Zərgəran

Zərnava

Geographic features

Absheron

The name Abşeron is Persian and comes from the Persian word Abshuran (آبشوران) meaning "The place of the Salty Waters".

Georgia

Georgia

The word "Georgia" ultimately derives from the Persian word gurğ/gurğān ("wolf"). ^{[21] [22]}

Cities

Gardabani

Gurjaani

Baghdati

Central Asia

Amudarya

Syrdarya

Khwarezm

Pamir Mountains

Turkistan

Formed with the Persian suffix -istan, literally meaning "land of the Turks" in Persian.

Afghanistan

Afghanistan

Main article: Origins of the name Afghan

Formed with the Old Persian suffix -stan, cognate with sthāna from Sanskrit, meaning 'land', it literally means "Land of Afghans".

Cities

Herat

Jalalabad

Mazar-i Sharif

Kazakhstan

Formed with the Persian suffix -istan, literally meaning "land of the Kazakh or Ghazagh" in Persian.

Cities

Astana

Shymkent

Taraz

Lenger

Shardara

Kyrgyzstan

Formed with the Persian suffix -istan.

Cities

Jalal-Abad

Osh

Batken

Isfana

Uzgen

Aravan

Khaidarkan

Kadamjay

Nooken District

Tajikistan

Tajikistan

Tajik combined with Persian suffix -stan. ^[23] Literally meaning "Land of Tajiks" in Persian.

Cities and regions

See also: List of cities in Tajikistan

Dushanbe

The name is derived from the Persian word for "Monday" (du two + shamba or shanbe day, lit. "day two") and refers to the fact that it was a popular Monday marketplace.

Garm

The name is derived from the Gharmi people, and Iranian people.

Kofarnihon

The name comes from the Persian کافر نهان, literally meaning "place where unbelievers hide".

Murghab

Derived from the Persian word مرغاب meaning "river of the birds".

Panjakent

Persian پنج‌کند which means Five Cities. Its older name was Panj-deh (Five Villages). Kent or Kand is Iranian city or fortress. like Samarkand and Tashkand.

Qurghonteppa

Derived from the Persian word گرگان تپه meaning "Hills of Gurgan".

Turkmenistan

Ashgabat

The name is believed to derive from the Persian Ashk-ābād meaning "the City of Arsaces." Another explanation is that the name comes from the Arabic عشق (ishq, meaning "love") and the Persian آباد (ābād meaning "cultivated place" or "city"), and hence loosely translates as "the city of love."

Cities

Abadan

Chardzhou

Mary

Merv

Türkmenabat

Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan

Uzbek combined with Persian suffix -stan, originally from Sanskrit 'sthan' meaning 'land'. ^[23] Literally meaning "Land of Uzbeks" in Persian.

Cities and regions

See also: List of cities in Uzbekistan

Afrasiab

Derived from the Persian afrāsiyāb (Persian

افراسياب; Avestan

Fraŋrasyan; Pahlavi

Frāsiyāv, Frāsiyāk and Freangrāsyāk), the name of the mythical King and hero of Turan and an archenemy of Iran.

Bukhara

Encyclopædia Iranica mentions that the name Bukhara is possibly derived from the Soghdian βuxārak. ^[24] Another possible source of the name Bukhara may be from "a Turkic (Uighur) transfer of the Sanskrit word 'Vihara'" ^[25] (monastery), and may be linked to the pre-Islamic presence of Buddhism (especially strong at the time of the Kushan empire) originating from the Indian sub-continent, and to the presence of some Turkish rulers in the 6th Century.

Dehkanabad

Formed with Persian suffix -abad.

Guliston

Formed with the Persian suffix -istan.

Jizzakh

The name "Jizzahk", derives from the Sogdian word for "small fort" and the present city is built of the site of the Sogdian town of Usrushana.

Karakalpakstan

Formed with the Persian suffix -istan.

Namangan and Namangan Province

Derived from the local salt mines (in Persian

نمک‌کان namak kan).

Panjakent

In Sogdian, the native local Iranian language in pre-Islamic times, kanθ means town, which is derived from Old Persian kanda, meaning a town or a region. In this case, Khanda has been manipulated into "kent".

Samarkand

The name Samarkand is derived from Persian meaning "Stone Town". ^[26] In Greek it was known as Marakanda. In Sogdian, the native local Iranian language in pre-Islamic times, kanθ means town, which is derived from Old Persian kanda, meaning a town or a region.

Shahrisabz

Its name (شهر سبز/Šahr e Sabz) means "green city" in Persian.

Surxondaryo

Tashkent

In medieval times the town and the province were known as "Chach". Later, the town came to be known as Chachkand/Chashkand, meaning "Chach City." (Kand, qand, kent, kad, kath, kud—all meaning a city, are derived from the Old Iranian, kanda, meaning a town or a city.

Xorazm

Yarkand

In Sogdian, the native local Iranian language in pre-Islamic times, kanθ means town, which is derived from Old Persian kanda, meaning a town or a region.

Zeravshan

From the Persian word زر افشان, meaning "the sprayer of Gold".

Geographical features

Zeravshan mountains

From the Persian word زر افشان, meaning "the sprayer of Gold".

East Asia

China

The English name of China comes from the Qin dynasty, possibly in a Sanskrit form; the pronunciation "China" came to the western languages through the Persian word چین "Chin".

Korea (both north and south)

Main article: Names of Korea

After the Goryeo dynasty, the first Korean dynasty visited by Persian merchants who referred to Koryŏ (Goryeo) as Korea.

Brunei

Bandar Seri Begawan

Indonesia

Banda Aceh

The first part of its name comes from the Persian bandar (بندر) and means "port" or "haven". It is also proudly referred to as the "port to Meccah", as Islam first arrived in Aceh and spread throughout Southeast Asia.

Bandar Lampung

Bandar (in Persian بندر) is a Persian word meaning "port" and "haven". Etymologically it combines Persian بند Band (enclosed) and در dar (gate, door) meaning "an enclosed area" (i.e. protected from the sea). The word travelled with Persian sailors over a wide area leading to several coastal places in Iran and elsewhere having Bandar (haven) as part of their names.

Malaysia

Bandar Sri Damansara

Bandar Seri Putra

Bandar Baru Bangi

Bandar Samariang

Europe

Caucasus

Danube River

Comes from the ancient Danuvius, Iranian *dānu, meaning "river" or "stream".

Dnieper

Sarmatian *danu apara "river to the rear"

Dniester

Sarmatian *danu nazdya "river to the front.

Don River (Russia)

Donetsk

Dnipro

Mount Elbrus

a metathesis of Alborz

Tiraspol

from an ancient name of the river, Tyras, derived from Scythian *tūra

Russia

Bashkortostan

Formed with the Persian suffix -istan.

Dagestan

Formed with the Persian suffix -istan.

Tatarstan

Formed with the Persian suffix -istan, literally meaning "Land of the Tartars" in Persian.

Mordovia

The name Mordva is thought to originate from an Iranian (Scythian) word, mard, meaning "man". The Mordvin word mirde denoting a husband or spouse is traced to the same origin ^{[ obsolete source ]}. This word is also probably related to the final syllable of "Udmurt", and also in Komi : mort and perhaps even in Mari : marij. ^{[27] [ anachronism ]}

Udmurtia

The name Udmurt comes from odo-mort ('meadow people'), where the first part represents the Permic root od or odo ('meadow, glade, turf, greenery'). This is supported by a document dated 1557, in which the Udmurts ^[28] are referred to as lugovye lyudi ('meadow people'), alongside the traditional Russian name otyaki. ^[29]

The second part murt means 'person' (cf. Komi mort, Mari mari). It is probably an early borrowing from a Scythian language: mertä or martiya ('person, man'; Sanskrit: Manus or Manushya), which is thought to have been borrowed from the Indo-Aryan term maryá- ('man, mortal, one who is bound to die'. cf. Old Indic márya ('young warrior') and marut ('chariot warrior'), both connected specifically with horses and chariots. ^[30] The Indo-Europeanists T. Gamkrelidze and V. Ivanov associate this word with horse-riding Altaic tribes in the Bronze Age. ^{[31] [32]}

Cities

Derbent

The name is a Persian word (دربند Darband) meaning "barred gate", which came into use in the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th century AD, when the city was refounded by Kavadh I of the Sassanid dynasty of Persia.

Turan (town)

Samara

Named after the Samara River, which probably means "summer water" (signifying that it froze in winter) in the Indo-Iranian language which was spoken there around the third millennium BC. ^[33] The Samara city gives its name to the Samara culture, a neolithic culture of the fifth millennium BC, and the Kurgan hypothesis associates the region with the original homeland (urheimat) of the Proto-Indo-European language. ^[34]

Bulgaria

Razgrad Province ^[35]

Pazardzhik Province

Persian bāzār, "market" + the Turkic diminutive suffix -cık, "small".

Varna

possible Iranian etymology

var ("camp", "fortress")

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sarajevo

from Persian سرای sarāy, "house, palace" ^[36]

Romania

Iași

from the name of the Sarmatian tribe of Iazyges ^[37]

Hungary

Jászság, Jászberény ^[38]

(after the Jasz people from Sarmatia)

Serbia

Novi Pazar

Persian بازار (bāzār) 'market'

North Macedonia

Saraj, Skopje

Persian سرای (sarāy) 'house'

Croatia

Croatia

The name is most probably from Proto-Ossetian / Alanian *xurvæt- or *xurvāt-, in the meaning of "one who guards" ("guardian, protector"). ^[39]

Middle East

Persian Gulf

Derived from Persia.

Strait of Hormuz

There are two opinions about the etymology of this name. In popular belief the derivation is from the name of the Persian God هرمزHormoz (a variant of Ahura Mazda ). Compare the Pillars of Hercules at the entrance to the Mediterranean. Scholars, historians and linguists derive the name "Ormuz" from the local Persian word هورمغHur-mogh meaning datepalm. In the local dialects of Hurmoz and Minab this strait is still called Hurmogh and has the aforementioned meaning.

Arvandrud

The Iranian name of the Shatt al-Arab, from the Persian اروندرود, literally Arvand River.

Iran

Iran

Main article: Etymology of Iran

Cities

See also: List of cities in Iran

Abadan

An Iranian etymology of the name (from the Persian word "ab" (water) and the root "pā" (guard, watch) thus "coastguard station"), was suggested by B. Farahvashi. Supporting evidence is the name "Apphana" which Ptolemy applies to an island off the mouth of the Tigris. The Persian version of the name had begun to come into general use before it was adopted by official decree in 1935. ^[40] The geographer Marcian also renders the name "Apphadana" in his writings. ^[41]

Ahvaz

The word Ahvaz is a Persianized form of the local Arabic Ahwaz, which in turn itself is derived from a Persian word. The Dehkhoda Dictionary specifically defines the Arabic "Suq-al-Ahwaz" as "Market of the Khuzis", where "Suq" is Arabic for market, and "Ahwaz" is a plural (اسم جمع) of the form "af'āl" (افعال) of the word "Huz", or more precisely, the Arabic root "ha wa za" (ه و ز), which itself comes from the Persian Huz, from Achaemenid inscriptions from where the term first appears. Thus, "Ahwaz" in Arabic means "the Huz-i people", which refers to the non-Arabic original inhabitants of Khūzestān.

Aligoodarz

The city of Aligoodarz was once called Al-e Goodarz meaning "sons or tribe of Goodarz", a mythical Iranian hero from the Persian national epic Shahnameh.

Amol

Many scholars believe that the city's name is rooted in the word Amard (Amui in Pahlavi).

Ardabil

The name Ardabil comes from the Zoroastrian name of "Artavil" (mentioned in Avesta) which means a holy place. ^[42]

Ardakan

The word "Ardakan" in Persian means "holy place" or "clean place" (Modern Persian

ardak+an / Middle Persian

artak+an)

Astara

The city's name is derived from the Persian word آهسته‌رو (Aste-ro or Aheste-ro), meaning "the place where the travel gets slower" (given the marshlands that surrounded the region before). .

Islands

See also: List of islands of Iran

Farsi Island

Arabized name derived from Parsi (Persian).

Greater and Lesser Tunbs

The name of the islands comes from Persian tunb 'hilly place'.

Hendurabi

Derived from the Persian word اندرآبی Andar-abi meaning "Inside the waters".

Hormuz Island

Name of Shah Hormuz

Shetor Island

Shetor or Shotor (Persian

شتور) in Persian means Camel.

Iraq

Iraq

Possibly derived from the Middle Persian word Erak, meaning "lowlands".^{[ citation needed ]} The natives of the southwestern part of today's Iran called their land the "Persian Iraq" (Iraq Ajami) for many centuries.^{[ citation needed ]} Before the constitution of the state of Iraq, the term "Arab Iraq" (Iraq Arabi) referred to the region around Baghdad and Basra.

Cities and regions

Anbar

Baghdad

Bahdinan

Barzan

Basra

Ctesiphon

Al Diwaniyah

Dohuk

Khanaqin

Salman Pak

Lebanon

Kisrawan

Oman

Bandar Khayran

Bandar Jissah

Turkey

Adapazarı

Aksaray

Akşehir

Alaşehir

Cappadocia

Eceabat

Erzincan

Eskişehir

Galatasaray {Istanbul}

Gümüşhane

Kahramanmaraş

Nevşehir

Pazar

United Arab Emirates

Ajman

Dubai

Some believe that the name of the city as Persian roots, possibly from the Persian words do (two) and baradar brother), referring to Diera and Bur Dubai. ^{[43] [44]}

Sharjah

Yemen

Zinjibar

North America

Persia, Iowa, Persia, New York, and Persia, California

Persia derives from the ancient Greek name for Iran's maritime province, called Fars in the modern Persian language, Pars in Middle Persian and Pārsa (𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿) in Old Persian. ^[45] Persis is the Hellenized form of Pars, and through that came the Latinized word Persia .

Southern Asia

Bangladesh

Bandar Upazila

Bandar Thana

India

India

Main article: Names of India

The name India is derived from Indus , which is derived from the Old Persian word Hind . This is the name of the Indus River in Old Persian. The word Hindu also originates from the Old Persian, meaning people who live beyond the Indus River, and it originally referred to the people, not the religion. ^[46]

Furthermore, the name "Hindustan", a name for historical India, is Persian derived.

Punjab

Pakistan

Pakistan

Formed from the Persian meaning "Land of the Pure"; "Pāk-" meaning "pure" and the Persian suffix "-istān" meaning "land"

Punjab

formed from Persian meaning "land of the five streams"; "Panj-" meaning "five" and "-āb" meaning "waters"

Cities

Keti Bandar

town in Pakistan formed by Persian word "Bandar"

Shamal Bandar

town in Pakistan formed by Persian word "Bandar"

Islamabad

capital of Pakistan formed by Persian word "-abad" meaning "city of Islam"

Peshawar

city in Pakistan formed from Old Persian "Pārāshavār" meaning "forward city"

Multan

city in Pakistan formed from Old Persian "mulastāna" meaning "frontier land"

Ziarat

town in Pakistan formed by Persian word "Ziarat" meaning "pilgrimage"

Hyderabad

city in Pakistan formed from Persian meaning "Lion city" referring to Ali

Muzaffarabad

city in Pakistan formed by Persian words meaning "city of the Victorious"

Bagh

town in Pakistan formed by the Persian word meaning "garden"

Mardan

city in Pakistan derived from Persian meaning "city of Men"

Khuzdar

town in Pakistan derived from Persian

Various cities and towns of South Asia ending in the Persian suffix -ābād (آباد).

See also

• List of country name etymologies
• List of English words of Persian origin
• Iranian languages
• Iranian peoples

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