List of people executed in the United States in 1923

One hundred and fourteen people, all male, were executed in the United States in 1923, sixty-four by electrocution, forty-nine by hanging, and one by firing squad. ^[1]

Texas carried out its last executions by hanging prior to the introduction of the electric chair in 1924.

List of people executed in the United States in 1923

No.	Date of execution	Name	Age of person			Gender	Ethnicity	State	Method	Ref.
			At execution	At offense	Age difference
1	January 5, 1923	Willie Clayton	23	Unknown	Unknown	Male	Black	Virginia	Electrocution	[1]
2	January 12, 1923	Eugene Payne	Unknown	Unknown	2		White	Florida	Hanging	[2]
3	January 25, 1923	Henry Brown	23	Unknown	Unknown		Black	New York	Electrocution	[3]
4	January 26, 1923	Felipe Bisquere	20	20	0		Asian	California	Hanging	[4]
5		Bennie Bibbs	28	Unknown	Unknown		Black	Kentucky	Electrocution	[5]
6		Tom Nichols	29	29	0
7		Ludie Clifford Shelton	24	19	5			Ohio		[6]
8	February 2, 1923	Duncan Richardson	29	28	1		White	Arkansas		[7]
9		Ben Richardson	19	18
10		E.G. Bullen	50	49
11		Will Debord	32	Unknown	Unknown
12		Thomas Johnson	16	16	0		Black	South Carolina		[8]
13	February 6, 1923	Alvin W. Harris	22	21	1			Virginia		[9]
14	February 9, 1923	Glenna Martin Bolton	25	24			White	Montana	Hanging	[10]
15		Joseph B. Reagin	22	20	2
16	February 13, 1923	William E. Battles	19	19	0		Black	New Jersey	Electrocution	[11]
17	February 15, 1923	Arlie J. Westling	38	36	2		White	New York		[12]
18		Joseph Zampelli	25	21	4
19	February 16, 1923	Angelo Giurlando	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown			Louisiana	Hanging	[13]
20		Jim Marks	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown		Black	Mississippi		[1]
21		Charles W. Habig	32	30	2		White	Ohio	Electrocution	[14]
22		Ira James Harrison	22	21	1			South Carolina		[15]
23	February 21, 1923	LeRoy Hollins		22	0		Black	Illinois	Hanging	[16]
24		Earnest Williams	29	28	1
25	February 23, 1923	George Donnelly	54	52	2		White	California		[17]
26	March 1, 1923	Robert Williams	Unknown	Unknown	0		Black	North Carolina	Electrocution	[18]
27		Anthony Rabacewich	34	33	1		White	New York		[1]
28	March 2, 1923	Gregorio Chavez	50	49			Hispanic	California	Hanging	[19]
29		Charles Arnold	65	64			White	Ohio	Electrocution	[20]
30		Henry White	42	41			Black
31		George Wriggins	31	Unknown	Unknown			Virginia		[1]
32	March 5, 1923	Floyd Lewis Smith	28	25	3		White	Pennsylvania		[21]
33	March 9, 1923	Ernest A. Shands	29	28	1		Black	District of Columbia	Hanging	[1]
34		Earl Llewellyn Throst	26	25			White	Iowa		[22]
35		Husted A. Walters	27	24	3			Oregon		[23]
36	March 16, 1923	Jake Terry	26	Unknown	Unknown		Black	South Carolina	Electrocution	[24]
37	March 30, 1923	Percy Bayliss	Unknown	Unknown	1			Florida	Hanging	[25]
38	April 6, 1923	Bishop Hawkins	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown			Maryland		[26]
39		Francisco Vaisa	32	30	2		Hispanic	New Mexico		[27]
40	April 7, 1923	Harvey Leon Hughes	22	21	1		White	Texas		[28]
41	April 13, 1923	Paul V. Hadley	35	33	2			Arizona		[29]
42		Ullah Mohammed	32	Unknown	Unknown		Arab	California
43		Stanley Forbes	27	26	1		White	Ohio	Electrocution	[30]
44	April 16, 1923	Johnson Hopkins	Unknown	Unknown			Black	Louisiana	Hanging	[31]
45	April 20, 1923	George Spencer Banton	20	19				District of Columbia		[1]
46		Monte Harris	23	21	2		White	Montana		[32]
47		William Harris	Unknown	Unknown
48	April 26, 1923	Michael Fradiano	50	48				New York	Electrocution	[33]
49		Joseph Alfano	24	21	3
50		William J. Evans		23	1					[1]
51	April 27, 1923	Nealey Augusta	Unknown	Unknown			Black	Florida	Hanging	[34]
52		George Malcolm Baker	23	22			White	Georgia		[35]
53		William McQueen Hardison	16	15			Black	North Carolina	Electrocution	[36]
54		Noble Perkins Holt	31	30			White	Ohio		[37]
55	May 3, 1923	Charles Price	32	27	5		Black	District of Columbia	Hanging	[38]
56	May 4, 1923	T. Marui	45	43	2		Asian	California		[39]
57	May 9, 1923	Wiley Perry	31	29			Black	North Carolina	Electrocution	[40]
58	May 15, 1923	Henry Banks	22	21	1			Kentucky		[1]
59	May 18, 1923	Emile Jenkins	Unknown	Unknown	0			Louisiana	Hanging
60	May 21, 1923	Clarence Newson	37	Unknown	Unknown			Pennsylvania	Electrocution	[41]
61	May 24, 1923	George Samuel Epps	31	29	2			District of Columbia	Hanging	[1]
62	June 7, 1923	Thomas J. Kindlon Jr.	21	20	1		White	New York	Electrocution	[42]
63		Thomas W. Lester	24	23
64	June 8, 1923	Willie Golson	30	30	0		Black	Alabama	Hanging	[43]
65		Ben Moore	Unknown	Unknown	1	[44]
66		George Chelton	21	21	0	Maryland		[45]
67	June 15, 1923	Casper Pastoni	32	31	1	White	Illinois	[46]
68		James Elder Powers	22	21			Kentucky	Electrocution	[1]
69	June 22, 1923	Lawrence C. Campbell	18	18	0		California	Hanging	[47]
70		Key Pendleton Smith	36	35	1	Native American	New York	Electrocution	[1]
71		Eugene Adams	20	20	0	Black	South Carolina
72	June 23, 1923	Rufus Gordon	37	33	4		District of Columbia	Hanging	[48]
73	June 25, 1923	Sam Riddick	32	30	2		Virginia	Electrocution	[49]
74	June 26, 1923	Daniel Milton Nobles	34	34	0	White	North Carolina		[50]
75	June 28, 1923	Ed Dill	Unknown	Unknown	1	Black			[51]
76	June 29, 1923	Mauro Parisi	28	27		White	California	Hanging	[1]
77	July 2, 1923	Marcus W. Newman	29	27	2	Black	Pennsylvania	Electrocution	[52]
78	July 12, 1923	Robert Blackstone	27	26	1		New York		[53]
79	July 13, 1923	James Wellions	39	38			Ohio		[54]
80	July 14, 1923	Paul Dascalakis	30	26	4	White	Massachusetts		[55]
81	July 20, 1923	George Allen	58	Unknown	Unknown	Black	South Carolina		[1]
82		Sol Johnson	Unknown	Unknown	1		Texas	Hanging	[56]
83	July 27, 1923	Herbert Craton Sease	40	39		White	Arkansas	Electrocution	[57]
84		Arthur Johnson	Unknown	Unknown	0	Black	Florida	Hanging	[1]
85	July 30, 1923	Roy Mitchell	30	29	1		Texas		[58]
86	August 3, 1923	Jung Sam	35	34		Asian	California		[59]
87	August 10, 1923	Manuel Martinez	28	25	3	Hispanic	Arizona		[60]
88	August 24, 1923	John Wylie Owens	51	50	1	White	Arkansas	Electrocution	[61]
89		Dan Casey	Unknown	Unknown	2		Oregon	Hanging	[62]
90	August 30, 1923	Raffaele Amendola	34	33	1		New York	Electrocution	[1]
91	August 31, 1923	John Oden Murphy	31	31	0		Louisiana	Hanging	[63]
92		Nathan Lee Sr.	38	37	1	Black	Texas		[64]
93		George Henry Gardner	39	38		White	Utah	Firing squad	[65]
94	September 6, 1923	Adam Logan Roberts	41	41	0	Black	Ohio	Electrocution	[66]
95	September 7, 1923	William Carl Olander	29	27	2	White	Iowa	Hanging	[67]
96	September 28, 1923	Robert Corbett	35	Unknown	Unknown	Black	Virginia	Electrocution	[1]
97	October 5, 1923	Jim Miller	Unknown	Unknown	1		North Carolina		[68]
98	October 26, 1923	Cleofe Ruiz	38	Unknown	Unknown	Hispanic	Hawaii Territory	Hanging	[1]
99	November 2, 1923	Irvin Layer		37	1	White	Ohio	Electrocution	[69]
100		George Banhage	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown		West Virginia	Hanging	[1]
101	November 16, 1923	Walter Irwin	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Black	Louisiana		[70]
102	November 23, 1923	John Lawrence Revels	30	29	1	White	Florida		[71]
103	December 6, 1923	Emilio Semione	38	35	3		New York	Electrocution	[72]
104	December 7, 1923	John Goss	44	44	0	Black	North Carolina		[73]
105		John Karayians	34	33	1	White	Ohio		[74]
106	December 10, 1923	Marcantonio Daniele	41	40			Pennsylvania		[75]
107		Angelo Fragassa	29	27	2
108	December 13, 1923	Abraham Becker	35	34	1		New York		[76]
109		George William Hacker Jr.	34		0
110		Harry Santanello	29	27	2
111	December 21, 1923	Frank Gaines	26	26	0	Black	South Carolina		[77]
112		Julius Garvin	28	28
113	December 28, 1923	Lee Washington	20	20			North Carolina		[78]
114	December 31, 1923	Chester Ingram	23	23			Pennsylvania		[79]

Demographics

Gender
Male	114	100%
Female	0	0%
Ethnicity
Black	53	46%
White	53	46%
Hispanic	4	4%
Asian	3	3%
Arab	1	1%
Native American	1	1%
State
New York	16	14%
Ohio	10	9%
California	8	7%
North Carolina	8	7%
South Carolina	7	6%
Arkansas	6	5%
Pennsylvania	6	5%
District of Columbia	5	4%
Florida	5	4%
Louisiana	5	4%
Virginia	5	4%
Kentucky	4	4%
Montana	4	4%
Texas	4	4%
Illinois	3	3%
Alabama	2	2%
Arizona	2	2%
Iowa	2	2%
Maryland	2	2%
Oregon	2	2%
Georgia	1	1%
Hawaii Territory	1	1%
Massachusetts	1	1%
Mississippi	1	1%
New Jersey	1	1%
New Mexico	1	1%
Utah	1	1%
West Virginia	1	1%
Method
Electrocution	64	56%
Hanging	49	43%
Firing squad	1	1%
Month
January	7	6%
February	18	16%
March	12	11%
April	17	15%
May	7	6%
June	15	13%
July	9	8%
August	8	7%
September	3	3%
October	2	2%
November	4	4%
December	12	11%
Age
Unknown	18	16%
10–19	5	4%
20–29	43	38%
30–39	35	31%
40–49	6	5%
50–59	6	5%
60–69	1	1%
Total	114	100%

Executions in recent years

Number of executions
1924	127
1923	114
1922	144
Total	385

References

1. "Executions in the U.S. 1608-2002: The ESPY File" (PDF). Death Penalty Information Center . Retrieved November 27, 2025.
2. "Eugene Payne". M. E. Grenander Special Collections and Archives.
3. "NEGRO FIRST TO DIE IN NEW DEATH HOUSE; Passes to Electric Chair Through Corridor Shut Off From Other Doomed Convicts". The New York Times. January 6, 1923.
4. "Manager of Lumber Company Shot Dead". The Bakersfield Californian. November 1, 1922. p. 2.
5. "Two Negro Murderers Are Electrocuted Early Today". Middlesboro Daily News. January 26, 1923. p. 1.
6. "Negro Electrocuted". Reading Eagle. January 26, 1923. p. 15.
7. "DEAD' CONVICT MOVES AFTER DEATH SHOCK; Two Executions Needed to Kill One of Four Arkansas Slayers Sent to the Chair". The New York Times. February 3, 1923.
8. "White Woman of Bamberg County Murdered By Negro Boy of 16". The Observer. January 12, 1923. p. 1.
9. "Alvin W. Harris Again Reprieved" (PDF). The Manassas Journal. January 5, 1923. p. 1.
10. "Slayers of Undersheriff Meet Death Calmly at Hysham Friday". Roundup Record-Tribune & Winnett Times. February 16, 1923. p. 8.
11. "The Judge's Ordeal". The Glasgow Herald. March 2, 1923. p. 9.
12. "Two Electrocuted at Sing Sing Last Night". The Lewiston Daily Sun. February 16, 1923. p. 1.
13. "Louisiana, F-G, 1879-1988, Undated". M. E. Grenander Special Collections and Archives. p. 121.
14. "Night News Summary". Warsaw Union. February 16, 1923. p. 7.
15. "Ira Harrison Goes to Death Without Clearing Up Coma". Herald-Journal. February 17, 1923. p. 1.
16. "Negro Murderers Are Put to Death". The Southeast Missourian. February 22, 1923. p. 1.
17. "Murderer is Hanged". Ellensburg Daily Record. February 24, 1923. p. 1.
18. "Let My Death Be Warning Says Negro in Death Chair". The Robesonian. March 5, 1923. p. 8.
19. "Goes to Death On Scaffold Without Fear". The Evening News. March 2, 1923. p. 1.
20. "Two Slayers Die in Electric Chair". Rochester Evening Journal. March 2, 1923. p. 107.
21. "DIES FOR CHILD MURDER.; Floyd Smith, Pennsylvania Farmer, Had Received Seven Resoltes". The New York Times. March 6, 1923.
22. "Hangs For Murder". St. Petersburg Times. March 10, 1923. p. 1.
23. "Army Deserter is Hanged For Murder". Ellensburg Daily Record. March 9, 1923. p. 1.
24. "Hampton Negro Goes to Death Chair Today". Herald-Jorunal. March 16, 1923. p. 1.
25. "Percy Bayliss". M. E. Grenander Special Collections and Archives.
26. "Sheriff Builds New Gallows for Hawkins". The Afro-American. January 12, 1923. p. 12.
27. "Fourth Man Hanged". The Evening News. April 7, 1923. p. 1.
28. "News Briefs". The Victoria Advocate. April 10, 1923. p. 1.
29. "He Slew Woman, Dies On Gallows". The Spokesman-Review. April 14, 1923. p. 2.
30. "Cop's Murderer Put to Death". The Toledo News-Bee. April 13, 1923. p. 2.
31. "Louisiana, H-J, 1818-1996, Undated". M. E. Grenander Special Collections And Archives. p. 49.
32. "Butte Murderers Go To Gallows". Ellensburg Daily Record. April 20, 1923. p. 1.
33. "Two Executed in Sing Sing Chair". Schenectady Gazette. April 27, 1923. p. 1.
34. "Negro to Die April 27". St. Petersburg Times. April 17, 1923. p. 2.
35. "Georgia Slayer Pays With Life". Spokane Daily Chronicle. April 27, 1923. p. 16.
36. "17 Waiting For Electric Chair". The Mount Airy News. March 15, 1923. p. 1.
37. ""Red" Holt Dies Gamely". Youngstown Vindicator. April 27, 1923. p. 1.
38. "Sings Hymn as He Dies On Gallows". Warsaw Daily Times and the Northern Indianian. May 4, 1923. p. 1.
39. "Anglo-Saxon Justice". The Evening News. May 7, 1923. p. 23.
40. "Death Chair Claims Another Victim". The Mount Airy News. May 17, 1923. p. 1.
41. "Commonwealth v. Newson". Google Books.
42. "Kindlon Dies Without Probe of Confession". Schenectady Gazette. June 8, 1923. p. 1.
43. "Negro is Executed". The Border Cities Star. June 9, 1923. p. 16.
44. "News of the Southland Told in Snappy Paragraphs". Atlanta Tri-Weekly Journal. June 14, 1923. p. 2.
45. "Negro Attacks 14-Year-Old Girl". Gettysburg Times. January 15, 1923. p. 2.
46. "Faces Gallows Smiling". The Woodville Republican. June 23, 1923. p. 1.
47. "Hang Youngest Prisoner Ever, At San Quentin". The Evening News. June 22, 1923. p. 7.
48. "Gordon v. United States". vLex.
49. "Riddick v. Commonwealth". vLex.
50. "Governor Declines to Interfere in Sentence of Death Against D. M. Nobles of Columbus". The Robesonian. April 26, 1923. p. 1.
51. "Negro is Electrocuted Protesting Innocence". The Evening Independent. June 29, 1923. p. 10.
52. "Slayer of Postal Clerk Here is Electrocuted". The Gazette Times. July 3, 1923. p. 3.
53. "Empire State Epitome". Cayuga Chief. July 20, 1923. p. 7.
54. "Murder Joins Church Before His Execution". Youngstown Vindicator. July 13, 1923. p. 8.
55. "To Be Electrocuted for Killing Arsenault Girl". The Lewiston Daily Sun. January 10, 1923. p. 1.
56. "Negro Hanged for Murder". St. Joseph News-Press. July 20, 1923. p. 1.
57. "Murderer is Electrocuted". The Evening Independent. July 27, 1923. p. 1.
58. "Slayer of Eight Hanged". The Spokesman-Review. July 30, 1923. p. 8.
59. "People v. Jung Sam". Google Books.
60. "Martinez Goes to Death With Smile On Face". Prescott Evening Courier. August 10, 1923. p. 1.
61. "Owens Pays Penalty". The Evening Independent. August 24, 1923. p. 16.
62. "Slayer is Hanged". Berkeley Daily Gazette. August 24, 1923. p. 5.
63. "State v. Murphy". vLex.
64. "News Briefs". The Victoria Advocate. September 2, 1923. p. 3.
65. "Utah Slayer Faced Firing Squad Today". Prescott Evening Courier. August 31, 1923. p. 1.
66. "Negro Pays Death Penalty for Murder". The Marion Star via newspapers.com. September 6, 1923. p. 2.
67. "'Bill' Olander Dies on Gallows". The Telegraph-Herald. September 7, 1923. p. 1.
68. "State v. Miller". Google Books.
69. "Sings As He Walks to His Death in Chair". The Southeast Missourian. November 2, 1923. p. 10.
70. "Louisiana, H-J, 1818-1996, Undated". M. E. Grenander Special Collections and Archives. p. 70.
71. "Revels Guilty in Double Killing". The Evening Independent. May 8, 1923. p. 13.
72. "People v. Semione". Google Books.
73. "Negro Is Quickly Declared Guilty". Ellensburg Daily Record. October 22, 1923. p. 11.
74. "Pays Penalty In the Chair". Portsmouth Daily Times. December 7, 1923. p. 1.
75. "Blackhand Slayers are Executed". The Washington Reporter. December 10, 1923. p. 1.
76. "3 Die in Chair Amid Strains of Comedy". The Pittsburgh Press. December 14, 1923. p. 9.
77. "Negro Slayers Forfeit Lives". The Evening Independent. December 21, 1923. p. 1.
78. "Troops Guard Court House During Trial". The Evening Independent. December 1, 1923. p. 1.
79. "Fayette Murderer Pays Death Penalty". The Pittsburgh Press. December 31, 1923. p. 5.

Preceded by 1922

List of people executed       in the United States in    1923

Succeeded by 1924