List of people executed in North Carolina (pre-1972)

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The following is a list of people executed by the U.S. state of North Carolina before 1972, when capital punishment was briefly abolished by the Supreme Court's ruling in Furman v. Georgia . For execution after the restoration of capital punishment by the Supreme Court's ruling in Gregg v. Georgia (1976), see List of people executed in North Carolina. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Electrocution

Historically, all executions in North Carolina were carried out locally by hanging. In 1910, local hangings were officially replaced by centralized electrocution, with the state creating a single execution chamber at the state prison. [4] [5]

NameAgeRaceSexDate of executionCountyCrimeVictim(s)Governor
Walter Morrison37BlackMMarch 18, 1910 Robeson RapePolly Rogers, Native American [5] William Walton Kitchin
Phillip Mills23BlackMFebruary 10, 1911 Transylvania MurderFemale, black (wife) [6]
Nathan Montague28BlackMFebruary 15, 1911 Granville Murder-Rape-RobberyThree victims, white [7] [a]
James Allison51WhiteMFebruary 24, 1911 Buncombe MurderFloyd McGhee, white (Asheville policeman) [8] [b]
Lewis West24BlackMMay 5, 1911 Wilson MurderGeorge Mumford, white (deputy sheriff) [9]
Norman Lewis22BlackMMay 12, 1911 Nash MurderJ. M. Stallings, white (chief of police) [10]
Norvell Marshall Jr.31BlackMOctober 27, 1911 Warren RapeFemale, white [11]
Ross French21Native AmericanMNovember 24, 1911 Swain Murder-RapeEthel Shuler, white [12]
L. M. Sandlin42WhiteMDecember 29, 1911 New Hanover MurderFemale, white (wife) [13]
Brad Bagley35BlackMMay 17, 1912 Martin MurderW. R. White, white (Williamston police chief) [14]
G. G. Wilkins30BlackMJune 21, 1912 Nash MurderFemale, black (wife) [15]
R. W. Cobb23WhiteMMarch 6, 1914 Halifax Murder-RobberyThomas Shaw, white [16] Locke Craig
Sidney Finger18BlackMJune 19, 1914 Rowan MurderPreston Lyerly, white [17]
Grady Lane20BlackMAugust 21, 1914 Moore Murder-RobberyGeorge McCain, black [18]
Jim Cameron25BlackMAugust 28, 1914 Moore MurderJohn A. Blue, white [19]
Harvey Gannaway30BlackMOctober 16, 1914 Forsyth MurderFemale, black (wife)
Howard Craig22BlackMDecember 4, 1914 Stanly RapeFemale, 15, white [20]
Willie BellBlackMJuly 8, 1915 Durham Murder-RobberyB. N. Mann, white [21]
Charles TrullWhiteMSeptember 3, 1915 Mecklenburg Murder-RobberySidney Swain, white [22]
Jeff DorsettBlackMJanuary 28, 1916 Guilford Murder-RobberyJohn Swain, white [23]
Ed WalkerBlackM
Jim CooperBlackMFebruary 11, 1916 Rowan MurderLucinda Price, black (mistress) [24]
Ernest LowryBlackMFebruary 25, 1916 Gaston Murder-RobberyGrant Davis, white [25]
George Poston23BlackM
Lawrence Swinson23BlackMJuly 7, 1916 New Hanover Housebreaking-Burglary
Will Black18BlackMJuly 21, 1916 Greene RapeFemale, 6, white [26]
Arthur Smith26BlackMAugust 1, 1916 Cumberland MurderFemale, black (wife) [27]
John Savage51BlackMAugust 4, 1916 Washington Murder-BurglaryMale, white [28] [c]
Bunke Maske24BlackMMay 25, 1917 Union MurderEdgar Williams, white (Wingate policeman) [29] Thomas Walter Bickett
Charles Williams60BlackMSeptember 25, 1917 Iredell Murder
Lee PerkinsBlackMOctober 10, 1917 Craven Housebreaking-Burglary
Jerry Terry60WhiteMNovember 9, 1917 Guilford MurderJohn R. Stuart, white [30]
Earle Neville24BlackMMarch 15, 1918 Wake RapeFemale, white [31]
Willie WilliamsBlackMApril 26, 1918 Buncombe Rape-RobberyFemale, white [32]
Frank MooreBlackMMay 24, 1918 Duplin Murder
Herbert PerryBlackMMay 25, 1918 Granville RapeFemale, 14, white [33]
Lonnie Council38BlackMJune 7, 1918 Durham MurderMale, black
Baxter Cain33BlackMSeptember 13, 1918 Rowan MurderMale, black
Napoleon Spencer16BlackMDecember 20, 1918 Surry MurderMrs. Alva Hester, white [34] [d]
Jim Warren19BlackMApril 26, 1919 Greene MurderMale, white
Tom Gwynn23BlackMJune 27, 1919 Catawba RapeRuth Hildebrand, white [35]
Aaron Dupree34BlackMNovember 14, 1919 Hoke MurderMale, white
Churchill Godley34WhiteMJanuary 16, 1920 Johnston RapeFemale, 9, white [36]
Gardner Cain43WhiteMMarch 5, 1920 Surry MurderRiley Easter, white [37]
Joe Cain39WhiteM
Ralph Conner21BlackMSeptember 20, 1920 Iredell MurderLloyd Cloaninger, white (deputy sheriff) [38]
Andrew Jackson30BlackMNovember 5, 1920 Lincoln RapeFemale, white [39]
Arthur McDowell30BlackMDecember 3, 1920 Davidson RapeFemale, white [40] [e]
Tom Johnson20BlackM Guilford RapeFemale, white
William Hopkins21BlackMMarch 21, 1921 Sampson MurderMale, white Cameron A. Morrison
Luke Fraizer33BlackMMay 27, 1921 Craven MurderMale, black
Frank Henderson34BlackMOctober 10, 1921 Madison MurderFemale, black (wife) [41]
J. T. Harris52WhiteMOctober 20, 1921 Buncombe MurderF. W. Monnish, white [42]
Harry Caldwell33BlackMOctober 31, 1921 Yancey Murder-RobberyHerman Jones, white [43]
W. P. Westmoreland38WhiteMNovember 21, 1921 Iredell MurderJim H. Nantz, white [44]
Claude MoreheadBlackMNovember 30, 1921 Guilford MurderFemale, black (wife) [45]
Joseph ThomasBlackMSeptember 15, 1922 Moore RapeMrs. A. E. Ketchen, white [46] [f]
Angus MurphyBlackM
McIver Burnette16BlackMOctober 12, 1922 Wake Rape
Robert WilliamsBlackMMarch 1, 1923 Columbus MurderBradley Cribb, white (special policeman) [47]
Willis HardisonBlackMApril 27, 1923 Onslow MurderCyrus Jones, white [48]
Wiley PerryBlackMMay 9, 1923 Granville MurderRoy Aiken, white [49]
D. M. NoblesWhiteMJune 26, 1923 Columbus MurderHenry Nobles, white (relative) [50]
Ed DillBlackMJune 28, 1923 Beaufort RapeFemale, white [51]
Jim MillerBlackMOctober 5, 1923 Lenoir MurderArthur Sutton, white [52]
John GossBlackMDecember 7, 1923 Mitchell Rape-RobberyFemale, 68, white [53]
Lee Washington20BlackMDecember 28, 1923 Nash RapeFemale, white [54]
Vance MorganBlackMNovember 28, 1924 Union Murder-Robbery
Kenneth Hale17BlackMJanuary 5, 1925 Davidson Murder-RobberyCharles Garwood, white [55]
John LeakeBlackM
David JonesBlackMFebruary 18, 1925 Chowan Murder Angus Wilton McLean
Elmer Stewart23WhiteMApril 17, 1925 Brunswick MurderSam Lily and Leon George, white (U. S. deputy marshal and deputy sheriff) [56]
Charles Stewart51WhiteM
Len WaltonBlackMApril 21, 1925 Hoke MurderDewey Castleberry, white [57]
William SingletonBlackMMay 8, 1925 Craven Murder
Jim Collins19BlackMJune 5, 1925 Anson MurderA. Chalmers Sedberry, white [58]
Will Williams25BlackMJune 12, 1925 Scotland MurderFrank Green, black [59]
George Love33BlackMJune 19, 1925 Henderson [g] MurderWilliam Brock, white [60]
Thomas Robinson26BlackMOctober 2, 1925 New Hanover RapeFemale, white [61]
John McMillan18BlackM Moore RapeFemale, white [62]
John Dawkins20BlackMJanuary 8, 1926 Forsyth Murder-RobberyJoseph H. Vaughn, white [63]
Arthur Montague22BlackMJanuary 22, 1926 Burke Burglary-Attempted rapeFemale, 12, white [64]
Fred Jones24BlackMJune 11, 1926 Forsyth MurderMale, white
John Williams30BlackMSeptember 21, 1926 Halifax MurderMale, black
Robert Lumpkin27BlackMMarch 11, 1927 Robeson MurderM. B. Rogers, white (chief of police) [65]
Ernest Walker39BlackMApril 22, 1927 Durham Murder-BurglaryJoseph Cassidy, black [66] [h]
Pearl Mitchell29BlackMJune 10, 1927 Chatham Murder-BurglaryW. L. Fogleman, white [67]
George Bazemore26BlackMSeptember 23, 1927 Greene Murder-RobberyGordon Yelverton, white [68]
Hector Graham41BlackMDecember 9, 1927 Hoke MurderPaul Johnson, white [69]
David Devlin22BlackMFebruary 17, 1928 Rowan MurderLindsay T. Yarborough, white (deputy sheriff) [70] [i]
Clarence Thomas25BlackMApril 27, 1928 Forsyth MurderMr. Graham and L. G. Teague (police sergeant), white [71]
John Clyburn22BlackMMay 25, 1928 Mecklenburg Murder-RobberyCyrus Fink, white [72] [j]
Larry Newsome22BlackMSeptember 28, 1928 Wayne Murder-RapeBeulah Tedder, 14, white [73]
Leo McCurrie28BlackMApril 26, 1929 Gaston MurderMale, white Oliver Max Gardner
Freddie Willey17BlackMJune 28, 1929 Randolph RapeFemale, white [74]
Willis Buckner28WhiteMSeptember 12, 1929 Craven RapeFemale, 10, white [75]
Ernest Fox19BlackMNovember 22, 1929 Edgecombe Murder-RobberyJesse Taylor, 20, white [76]
Ray Evans21BlackMMarch 14, 1930 Richmond MurderW. D. Smith, white (constable) [77]
John Macon34BlackMApril 4, 1930 Warren MurderSam Pinnell, white (deputy) [78] [k]
Robert Magnum22BlackMApril 17, 1930 Franklin RapeFemale, white
James Brumfield23BlackMMay 9, 1930 Union Housebreaking-BurglaryVelma Preslar, 18, white [79]
James Spivey25WhiteMMay 23, 1930 Lee Murder-RapeBettie Spivey, white (girlfriend) [80]
Berry Richardson20BlackMSeptember 26, 1930 Wilson MurderCallie C. Williford, 70, white [81]
Aaron Sharp22BlackM
Harvey Lawrence17BlackMOctober 10, 1930 Hertford Housebreaking-BurglaryUnknown, white
Willie Massey25BlackMNovember 7, 1930 Durham MurderFloyd and Dora Moore, black [82]
Will Sloan28BlackM Person Murder-RapePhoebe and Mary Ann Gillis, white [83] [l]
Sidney Gattis49BlackMJanuary 23, 1931 Durham MurderEtta Petty, black [84]
Thomas Borden29BlackMFebruary 13, 1931 Vance Housebreaking-BurglaryMale, white
Dave McRae25BlackM Scotland MurderAlfred Ellison, 81, white [85]
Wilson Autry19BlackMAugust 10, 1931 Union RapeFemale, white [86]
Ben Goldston36BlackMAugust 21, 1931 Chatham MurderJohn Headen, black [87]
Bernice Matthews20BlackMDecember 11, 1931 Rowan MurderFrank Stewart, 44, white [88]
J. W. Ballard17BlackM
Chevis Herring23BlackMDecember 18, 1931 Sampson Murder-RobberyF. F. Newton, 70, white (Kerr postmaster) [89]
Asbury Respus 46BlackMJanuary 8, 1932 Guilford Murder-RapeVera Leonard, 8, white [90] [m]
John Myers30BlackMMarch 25, 1932 Pitt Murder-RobberyR. H. Hodges, white [91]
Dudley Moore19BlackMApril 29, 1932 Davidson Murder-RapeFemale, white (foster mother)
Plato Edney34WhiteMJuly 15, 1932 Henderson MurderFemale, white (wife) [92]
Noel Donnell24BlackMAugust 26, 1932 Guilford Murder-RobberyR. B. Andrew, white [93] [94]
Leroy Lee24BlackMOctober 14, 1932
Harvey Wallace32BlackMDecember 16, 1932 Lee Murder-RobberyN. H. Perry, white [95] [n]
Alec Grier22BlackM Gaston Murder-RobberyHarold Carter, white [96]
Hezzie Avant30WhiteMJanuary 27, 1933 Scotland MurderFemale, white John C. B. Ehringhaus
David McNair23BlackMMay 19, 1933 Guilford Murder-RobberyMrs. J. W. McCown, white [97]
Clay Foglemann30WhiteMAugust 4, 1933 Rockingham Murder-RobberyW. J. Carter, 61, white [98]
Bryant Stone44WhiteMSeptember 8, 1933 Wilkes MurderWayne Norman, 36, white (son-in-law) [99]
Johnny Lee21BlackMSeptember 15, 1933 Harnett MurderMale, white [100]
James Johnson26BlackMMarch 16, 1934 Hoke MurderVirginia Leake, black (girlfriend) [101]
Jesse Brooks46BlackM Durham MurderRoland A. Gill, white (detective) [102]
Walter Thaxton30BlackMMarch 23, 1934 Person MurderButler Gentry, race unknown [103]
Theodore Cooper29BlackMApril 27, 1934 Durham MurderJ. N. Lasater, white [104]
James Sheffield47WhiteMMay 18, 1934 Haywood MurderJames Miller, white [105]
Mike Stefanoff45WhiteM Alexander Murder-RobberyT. C. Barnes, white [106]
Ossie Smith20BlackMJune 15, 1934 Northampton MurderJ. E. Hedspeth, white [107]
Joe Dalton31WhiteMJune 22, 1934 Henderson MurderZula Dalton, white (wife) [108]
Clyde Ferrell25WhiteMJuly 6, 1934 Durham Murder-RobberyThaddeus Tilley, white [109]
John Edwards17BlackM Mecklenburg Murder-RobberyJ. W. Brown, white [110]
George Keaton28BlackMSeptember 21, 1934 Forsyth MurderAnnie Thigpen, 18, black (girlfriend) [111]
Emanuel Bitting42BlackMSeptember 28, 1934 Person MurderTheodore M. Clayton, white [112]
Willie Crockett22BlackM Forsyth MurderPatsy Crockett, black (wife) [113]
Preston Howard18BlackMNovember 16, 1934 Sampson Murder-RobberyHoward Jernigan, white [114]
Johnny Hart22BlackM
Tom Johnson22BlackM
R. E. Black25WhiteMDecember 7, 1934 Alexander Murder-RobberyT. C. Barnes, white [115]
Lester Green25WhiteM
Bascom Green48WhiteM
Rufus Satterfield44WhiteMDecember 13, 1934 Wayne MurderHerbert Grice, white [116]
Sidney Etheridge44WhiteMMarch 15, 1935 Onslow Murder-RobberyMamie Marceil Moore, white [117]
Louis Sentelle39WhiteMJuly 12, 1935 Cleveland MurderMrs. William Drake, white [118]
George Whitfield21BlackM Guilford RapeFemale, white [119]
Dortch Waller43BlackMAugust 2, 1935 Granville MurderJohn H. Harris, 53, white [120]
William T. Williams25BlackM Columbus MurderBlanche Williams, black (wife) [121]
Houston McMillan19BlackMAugust 9, 1935 Cumberland Murder-RobberyRobert Williams, white [122]
Vander Glover39BlackM
Caesar Miller18BlackMSeptember 6, 1935 Craven MurderJ. D. Gwaltney, white [123]
Robert Thomas23WhiteMOctober 4, 1935 Madison Murder-RobberyMale, white
Otis Gunter20WhiteM
Arthur Gosnell18WhiteM

Gas asphyxiation

In November 1935, North Carolina officially added gas asphyxiation as a method of execution alongside electrocution. [124] The state completed building its new execution chamber that December, which was arranged so that it could be used for both gas asphyxiations and electrocutions; prison officials could choose which method to use and switch between them "in a second," although some existing cases required electrocution. The state's existing electric chair was moved to the new execution chamber but had its electrodes and wires removed for gas asphyxiations. [125] The state eventually fully transitioned to gas asphyxiations in 1938, [126] despite continued support for the restoration of electrocution by state and prison officials. [127] [128] [129]

  Executions by electrocution
NameAgeRaceSexDate of executionCountyCrimeVictim(s)Governor
Robert Dunlap26BlackMJanuary 17, 1936 Buncombe MurderThree people, black [130] [o] John C. B. Ehringhaus
Allen Foster20BlackMJanuary 24, 1936 Hoke RapeFemale, white [131]
Ed Jenkins40WhiteMJanuary 31, 1936 Gaston MurderPaul Collins, white [132]
J. T. Sanford30BlackMFebruary 7, 1936 Durham Murder-RobberyNathan Malone, black [133]
Thomas Watson32BlackM
William Long19BlackM Alamance Murder-RobberySam Minro, white [134]
Jake Johnson36BlackMMarch 19, 1936 Rockingham RapeFemale, white [135]
Ed Hester19WhiteMMarch 20, 1936 Wake MurderPaul Honeycutt, white [136]
Bright Buffkin43WhiteMMarch 27, 1936 Columbus MurderD. P. Barefoot, white [137]
Germie Williams23BlackMMay 8, 1936 Forsyth Murder-RobberyJohn Gant, white [138]
Lawrence Dingle32BlackM
Marvin Batten29WhiteMMay 29, 1936 Johnston MurderLyda Daughtry, white [139]
John Horne37WhiteMJune 19, 1936 Chowan MurderNellie Horne, white (wife) [140]
Henry Grier43BlackMJuly 10, 1936 Forsyth MurderAnnie Giles, black (common-law wife) [141]
William Hodgin36BlackMJuly 17, 1936 Forsyth Murder [p] Herbert Searcy, black [142]
Willie Galman21BlackMAugust 21, 1936 Forsyth MurderJohn Gaston, white [143]
John Kinyon75BlackM Granville RapeFemale, 11, white [144]
J. B. Carden42WhiteMSeptember 4, 1936 Durham MurderVera Carden, white (wife) [145]
George Alston21BlackM Orange MurderHelen Massey, black (girlfriend) [146]
John Pressley43BlackMNovember 13, 1936 Gaston MurderSylvester Glover, white [147]
Evans Macklin20BlackMNovember 20, 1936 Halifax MurderA. P. Moore, white (police chief) [148]
Willie Tate29BlackM Pitt MurderAlexander Powell, white [149]
Martin Moore23BlackMDecember 11, 1936 Buncombe Murder-BurglaryHelen Clevenger, 18, white [150]
Robert Brown18BlackMJuly 9, 1937 Craven MurderJ. A. Peacock, 75, white [151] Clyde R. Hoey
Sam Jones21BlackMJuly 16, 1937 Mecklenburg Murder-RobberyClifford Fowler, white [152]
Fred Steele22BlackM
Hunter Winchester24BlackMJuly 23, 1937 Guilford MurderMabel Winchester, black (wife) [153]
Fred Grey26BlackM Onslow Murder
A. W. Watson20WhiteMJuly 30, 1937 Martin Murder-RobberyThomas Molliday, white [154]
Thomas Perry23BlackM Wake RapeFemale, black (wife)
George Exum22BlackMAugust 6, 1937 Wayne MurderObelia Exum, black (aunt) [155]
Larry McNeill17BlackMAugust 13, 1937 Robeson MurderMrs. Bernice Cox, 24, white [156]
James McNeill21BlackM Harnett MurderSudie Eason, white [157]
Walter Caldwell37BlackMDecember 10, 1937 Iredell RapeMacie Smith, white [158]
William Perry18BlackM Chatham Murder-RapeMrs. W. T. Hamlet, white [159]
James Sermons29BlackMJanuary 21, 1938 Forsyth MurderCarlile Miller, white [160]
James Marshall30BlackMFebruary 4, 1938 Wayne Housebreaking-BurglaryRobert Smith, white [161] [q]
Milford Exum39WhiteMFebruary 18, 1938 Wayne Murder-RobberyJim Williams, 60, black [162]
Edgar Smoak40WhiteM New Hanover MurderAlice Mason and Annie Thelma Smoak, 15 (Annie), white (wife and daughter) [163]
Waddell Hadley22BlackMApril 29, 1938 Sampson RapeMittie Sessoms, white [164]
Sylvester Outlaw32BlackM Duplin RapeFemale, white [165] [r]
Empire Baldwin25BlackMJune 10, 1938 Columbus Rape
Lonnie Gardner27BlackMJune 17, 1938 Duplin RapeFemale, white [166] [s]
Apsom Outlaw29BlackM
Wash Turner36WhiteMJuly 1, 1938 Buncombe MurderGeorge Penn, 22 white (patrolman) [167] [168]
Bill Payne41WhiteM
Wiley Brice35BlackM Alamance MurderShelby Lea, white [169] [168]
L. J. Jefferson17BlackMSeptember 23, 1938 Forsyth Murder-RobberyHerman W. Fogleman, white [170]
Tom Linney32BlackM
George Ford20BlackMSeptember 30, 1938 Scotland Murder
Ed Robinson33BlackMNovember 18, 1938 Iredell Rape
John Howie29BlackMDecember 2, 1938 Forsyth RapeFemale, white [171] [t]
Baxter Parnell33WhiteMDecember 9, 1938 Cabarrus MurderMartha Jane Fink, 19, white (sister-in-law) [172]
King S. Stovall26BlackMJanuary 20, 1939 Granville Murder-RobberyR. T. Moore, 65, white [173]
Clarence Bracy24BlackMApril 7, 1939 Vance Murder-RobberyW. H. Williamson, white [174]
Bat DeJournette43BlackM Guilford MurderGarland Mangum, 21, white [175]
James Dixon38BlackMMay 5, 1939 Cabarrus MurderFemale, black (wife) [176]
Edward Mattocks21BlackMMay 26, 1939 Onslow Murder
Dave Burney47BlackMJune 9, 1939 Jones MurderMordie Kinsey, white [177]
Ed AlstonBlackMJune 16, 1939 Durham Murder-RobberyFemale, 103, black [178]
Bricey Hammonds24Native AmericanMJuly 7, 1939 Robeson MurderLacy Brumbles, white (guard) [179]
Alfred Caper23BlackMMurderMale, white [180]
James Henderson21BlackM New Hanover Murder-RapeStella Hobbs, 42, white [181]
Arthur Morris25BlackMSeptember 1, 1939 Wake Housebreaking-BurglaryDr. W. B. Dewar, white [182]
James Godwin20WhiteMSeptember 22, 1939 Guilford Murder-RobberyDonald Moss, white [183]
Charles Fain26BlackMOctober 6, 1939 Cherokee Rape-RobberyFemale, 45, white [184] [u]
Willie Richardson19BlackMOctober 27, 1939 Nash Housebreaking-BurglaryMrs. Frank Butler, white [185] [v]
Claude Bowser Jr.22BlackMOctober 28, 1939 Halifax MurderLizzie Bowser, black [186]
Raymond Williams20BlackMNovember 24, 1939 Sampson Murder-RobberyNathan Reif, white [187]
Clarence Rogers26BlackMJanuary 19, 1940 Durham MurderMale, white [188] [w]
Glenn Maxwell50BlackM Alleghany MurderCharlie Shepherd, white [189]
William Young22BlackMFebruary 16, 1940 Hoke Murder-BurglaryJohn Maultsby, white [190]
Nathaniel Bryant17BlackM
Robert Williams20BlackMMarch 15, 1940 Cumberland RapeFemale, 60, white [191]
Zeb Page29BlackMApril 5, 1940 Johnston Rape
Simon Gibson23BlackMMay 24, 1940 New Hanover Rape
Charlie Hopkins64BlackMJune 14, 1940 Rutherford MurderRoy Watkins, white [192]
Lee Flynn44WhiteMJune 28, 1940 McDowell MurderFemale, white (wife) [193]
Zedekiel Smith29BlackMDecember 6, 1940 Sampson Murder-RobberyWilliam Daniel, 60, white [194]
Dollie Hudson27BlackMApril 18, 1941 Northampton MurderHampton W. Elliott, white [195] J. Melville Broughton
Sylvester Woodard30BlackMMay 2, 1941 Wayne MurderLille Townsend, black (lover) [196]
James ShawBlackMMay 23, 1941 Columbus MurderJames Freeman, white [197]
Fleet Wall33BlackMJune 6, 1941 Anson MurderLaura May Wall, 27, black (wife) [198]
Noah Cureton51BlackMJune 13, 1941 Mecklenburg MurderJohn William Hennekin, black [199]
Hubert Cash40WhiteMAugust 22, 1941 Durham MurderFemale, white (wife) [200]
Tom Melvin42BlackMSeptember 5, 1941 Wayne MurderIrby Holmes, white [201]
George PeeleBlackMOctober 10, 1941 Bertie MurderE. W. Gray, white [202]
Luther Morrow26BlackMDecember 12, 1941 Union MurderLottie Belle Morrow, black (wife) [203]
Roland Wescott21WhiteMJanuary 9, 1942 New Hanover MurderFemale, white (fiancee) [204]
Roy Sturdivant29BlackMFebruary 13, 1942 Bladen MurderIda Mae Sturdivant, black (wife) [205]
Arthur Gibson32BlackMAugust 7, 1942 Buncombe RapeFemale, 6, black [206] [x]
Walter Smith63WhiteMAugust 21, 1942 Wayne MurderAlfonzo Price, white [207]
Herman Allen 35WhiteMOctober 30, 1942 Johnston MurderThree people, white [208] [y]
Otis Harris17BlackM Bertie RapeMrs. Warren, white [209]
William Long31BlackMNovember 31, 1942 Pitt MurderTwo females, black (wife and aunt)
Rosanna Phillips25BlackFJanuary 1, 1943 Durham Murder-RobberyHarry F. Watkins, 64, white [210]
Daniel Phillips29BlackM
Sam Hairston22BlackMJanuary 29, 1943 Forsyth RapeFemale, 52, white [211]
Palmer Meares35WhiteMFebruary 19, 1943 Robeson MurderGeorge Allen, white (uncle-in-law) [212]
John Lee19BlackMApril 16, 1943 Camden Burglary-Attempted rapeFemale, white [213]
Lewis Moody26BlackMMay 21, 1943 Northampton MurderJohn Arthur Kee, black [214]
Bill Bryant39WhiteMJune 4, 1943 McDowell Murder-RobberyJoseph R. McNeely, 76, white [215]
Harvey Hunt21Native AmericanM Robeson RapeEldora Hinson Eason, white [216]
Purcell Smith22Native AmericanM
James Utley24BlackMJune 18, 1943 Montgomery MurderJ. T. Collins and Cora Lee Utley, black (brother-in-law and sister) [217]
William Poole29BlackMOctober 8, 1943 Pasquotank MurderAndrew Jackson Sawyer, white [218]
Willie Smith47BlackMOctober 29, 1943 Warren Murder-RobberyVernon Powell, white [219]
John Redfern40BlackMNovember 26, 1943 Wake MurderZeb Sturdivant, white [220]
Clyde Grass31WhiteMDecember 10, 1943 Cabarrus MurderAnnie Lee Stafford and W. A. Godwin, white (sister- and father-in-law) [221]
Alex Harris48WhiteMJanuary 28, 1944 Hoke MurderMrs. E. A. Bill, white [222] [z]
Andrew Farrell25WhiteMFebruary 18, 1944 Durham Rape [aa] Female, 8, white (step-daughter) [223]
Waymon Grainger31BlackMFebruary 25, 1944 Columbus MurderHarry V. Phipps, white [224]
James Taylor48BlackMNovember 3, 1944 Wake MurderJ. L. Taylor, white [225]
Charles Alexander24BlackMNovember 17, 1944 Halifax Rape [ab]
George Brooks20BlackMNovember 24, 1944 Mecklenburg RapeFemale, white [226]
James Buchanan19BlackM
Bessie Williams19BlackFDecember 29, 1944 Mecklenburg Murder-RobberyMack Minyard, white [227]
Ralph Thompson18BlackM
Melvin Wade24BlackM Scotland RapeAnnie Mae Terry, 11, black [228]
Elmer Biggs23WhiteMMarch 9, 1945 Guilford Murder-RobberyEdgar J. Swanson, 55, white [229] R. Gregg Cherry
John Messer21WhiteM
William Biggs21WhiteM
Horis Hill23WhiteMMay 25, 1945 Jones MurderMae H. (lover) and Mrs. Lou H. Wilson, white [230]
Lacy McDaniel34BlackMJune 6, 1945 Guilford RapeFemale, white [231]
William Jones53BlackMJune 22, 1945 Wake MurderFemale, black (wife)
Henry French35BlackM Montgomery MurderDuck LeGrand, black [232] [ac]
Burnett Williams24BlackMOctober 26, 1945 Lee RapeFemale, white
Edward Mays55BlackMNovember 2, 1945 Lee Murder-RapeMattie L. Salmon, 75, white [233]
Walter Hightower32BlackMFebruary 15, 1946 Wilkes Murder [ad] William Bunker, black [234]
Alligood King32BlackMApril 24, 1946 Lenoir Murder-RapeMrs. Raymond T. Hardy, white [235]
Thomas Hart23BlackMMay 4, 1946 Halifax MurderAl Preston, black [236] [ae]
Gurney Herring25BlackMMay 24, 1946 Wayne RapeClarinette Brock, black [237]
George Walker23BlackMJune 21, 1946 Harnett RapeGeraldine Butler, 13, white [238]
Fab Stewart42BlackMJune 28, 1946 Wake MurderSgt. Ernest Jones Jr., black [239]
Fred Deaton39WhiteM Gaston MurderWalter A. Clark, white [240]
Robert Nash44WhiteMNovember 1, 1946 Wake MurderMargie Parker, white [241]
Charles Primus Jr.26BlackMNovember 22, 1946 Wake Rape-RobberyVirginia Lipscomb, white [242]
Wilbert JohnsonBlackM
Herman Matthews19BlackMDecember 13, 1946 Sampson Murder-RobberyJohn Allison, black [243]
Calvin Williams18BlackM
Otis Ragland30BlackMMarch 14, 1947 Martin RapeFemale, white [244]
Bennie Montgomery23BlackMMarch 28, 1947 Union Murder-RobberyWilliam Marvin Mangum, white [245]
Richard HortonBlackMApril 4, 1947 Wilkes Murder-Robbery
Eunice MartinBlackMApril 11, 1947 Forsyth MurderBernice Martin, black [246]
Ben McLeodBlackMMay 23, 1947 Scotland MurderWilliam Kenneth Lowry, white [247]
James FarmerBlackMJune 6, 1947 Johnston MurderRobert Mitchell, white [248]
Albert SandersBlackM
Roy Kirksey25 [249] BlackMJune 27, 1947 Columbus MurderEloise W. Kirksey, black (wife) [250]
Woodrow Brown26BlackM Wake RapeStella Edwards, 67, white [251] [249]
Moses Artis42 [249] BlackM Duplin Murder
Willie Cherry25BlackMOctober 3, 1947 Northampton Burglary-Attempted rapeFemale, white [252]
Earl O'Dear24WhiteM Jackson Murder-RobberyJack and Margie Hall, 20 (Margie), white [253]
Robert Messer21WhiteM
Jethro Lampkins20 [254] BlackM Mecklenburg Murder-RobberyThomas F. McClure, white [255]
Richard McCain21 [254] BlackM
Oscar Douglas40BlackMOctober 10, 1947 Davie RapeMrs. Hubert Foster, white [256]
Lester Stanley27 [257] BlackMOctober 31, 1947 Edgecombe MurderShirley Ruffin Stanley, black (wife) [258]
Grady Brown27 [257] BlackM Henderson MurderGeorge Bowman, white (guard) [259]
Thurman MannBlackM
J. C. Brooks29 [257] BlackM
Marvin Bell33WhiteMNovember 14, 1947 Wilkes RapePeggy Ruth Shore, 15, white [260] [261]
Ralph Letteral35WhiteM
Willie LittleBlackM Wake RapeMrs. Fletcher Rook, white [262]
Frank BlackBlackMJanuary 2, 1948 Lenoir Murder
John BreezeBlackMJanuary 16, 1948 Orange MurderFemale, 71, white [263]
Buster HooksBlackMApril 23, 1948 [264] Randolph Burglary-Attempted rapeFemale, white [265]
Booker AndersonBlackM Pitt Murder-ArsonThree people, black [266] [af]
James Jackson50BlackMMay 7, 1948 Burke Murder-BurglaryDavid H. Francum, white [267]
Henderson Wilson27BlackMJune 4, 1948 Davidson Murder-RobberyRobert B. Hayes, black [268]
George Hammonds30BlackM
James West20BlackMNovember 19, 1948 Duplin Murder-RobberyWalter Johnson, 64, white [269]
James Creech37WhiteMJanuary 28, 1949 Johnston MurderMattie Woodall Creech, 28, white (wife) [270] W. Kerr Scott
Emmett Garner42WhiteMMarch 18, 1949 Harnett MurderDessie Garner, white (wife) [271]
Roy Cockrell42WhiteMMarch 25, 1949 Nash MurderFemale, white (wife) [272]
James Lewis26BlackMJune 17, 1949 Robeson MurderFemale, black (wife) [273]
Monroe Medlin23BlackMDecember 9, 1949 Mecklenburg Murder-BurglaryMrs. Esley O. Anderson, white [274]
Audie Brown27BlackM Randolph Murder-RobberyEdgar Melvin Cain, white [275]
Allen T. Reid29BlackM Wilson Burglary-Attempted rapeMrs. James Barnes, white [276]
Uzelle Jones35BlackMDecember 16, 1949 Hoke MurderFlora Belle Anderson, black [277]
Leander Jacobs29Native AmericanMDecember 30, 1949 Robeson Murder-RobberyMartin L. Blackwell, 79, white [278]
Hector Chavis28Native AmericanM
Lee Heller47BlackMJanuary 6, 1950 Catawba MurderNettie Heller, 43, black (wife) [279] [ag]
Jack Bridges22WhiteMMay 19, 1950 Wake MurderKeston Norris Privette, white [280]
Claude Shackleford34WhiteMJuly 21, 1950 Guilford RapeFemale, 10, white [281]
Covey Lamm48WhiteMNovember 10, 1950 Wilson MurderMettie Lamm, 43, white (wife) [282]
Ernest Lyles33BlackMNovember 24, 1950 Franklin RapeDaisy Etheridge, 65, white [283]
Curtis Shedd29WhiteMMarch 23, 1951 Macon MurderJo Ann and Johnnie Mae Boyter, 8 and 14, white [284]
James Hall36WhiteMMarch 29, 1951 Jackson Murder-RapeLaura Ellen Taylor, 22, white (sister-in-law) [285]
John Rogers24BlackMApril 27, 1951 Sampson Murder-Rape-RobberyEunice Kornegay, white [286]
John Roman28BlackMJune 6, 1952 Davidson Murder-Rape-RobberyBeulah Miller Hinshaw, 65, white [287]
Lafayette Miller22BlackMMay 1, 1953 Beaufort MurderHarvey C. Boyd, white [288] William B. Umstead
Clyde Brown22BlackMMay 29, 1953 Forsyth RapeBetty Jane Clifton, 16 or 17, white [289]
Raleigh Speller51BlackM Bertie RapeFemale, white [290]
Bennie Daniels21BlackMNovember 6, 1953 Pitt MurderWilliam Benjamin O'Neal, white [291]
Lloyd Daniels20BlackM
Richard Scales29BlackMJuly 15, 1955 Guilford Murder-RapeBertha and Betty Marie Cook, 31 and 7, white [292] [ah] Luther H. Hodges
Robert Conner31BlackMJuly 13, 1956 Forsyth Murder-RobberyLangston Roberts, black [293]
Ross McAfee42BlackMNovember 22, 1957 Alexander Burglary-Attempted rapeMrs. Lovell Waugh, white [294]
Julius Bunton21BlackMFebruary 28, 1958 Guilford Murder-RobberyClifford W. Phillips, white [295]
Matthew Bass43BlackMDecember 5, 1958 Wake RapeFemale, white [296]
Theodore Boykin32BlackMOctober 27, 1961 Duplin Murder-Rape-RobberyLena T. Barnes, white [297] Terry Sanford

See also

Notes

  1. J. L. Sanders, his daughter Mattie Sanders, and granddaughter Irene Overton.
  2. Previously murdered a black man and a white man named Roberts; acquitted in both cases.
  3. Also killed the man's daughter.
  4. Also murdered her husband.
  5. Previously murdered Lizzie Hill (black) in Winston-Salem and committed this crime after fleeing the city.
  6. Also murdered her husband.
  7. Second trial. First trial held in Haywood County.
  8. Also raped his wife, Louise Cassidy.
  9. Same crime as John Clyburn.
  10. Same crime as David Devlin.
  11. Also wanted for a murder committed in Franklin County in 1912.
  12. Phoebe murdered, Mary Ann raped. Also murdered Elsa Marshall (24, white) in Greenburgh, New York.
  13. Serial killer, also murdered at least seven other people.
  14. Also murdered Mr. Beal (also white) during the same crime.
  15. His girlfriend Pauline McMillan, her mother, and a young girl.
  16. Described as a "homosexual killing".
  17. Stole a straw hat and a fountain pen.
  18. Same crime as Lonnie Gardner and Apsom Outlaw, his brother-in-law and brother respectively.
  19. Same crime as Sylvester Outlaw, Apsom's brother.
  20. Also charged with raping another woman a month prior.
  21. Raped the 45-year-old woman, a nurse, and stole $90 and two rings from her patient, Mrs. Frank Kilpatrick. Previously convicted of attempting to rape a black woman in Murphy and breaking into the home of a white woman in Blue Ridge.
  22. Stole a pocket book and a pack of Chesterfield cigarettes.
  23. Also confessed to being involved with the murder of a death row guard.
  24. Serial rapist, believed to have similarly attacked "a number of small black girls" in Asheville.
  25. William Raynor, Grady Lee (brother-in-law), and Ruth Allen (wife). Previously convicted of second-degree murder for murdering Rev. W. H. Hodges after he caught Hodges sleeping with his first wife.
  26. Also murdered her son, Eugene Bill, and daughter, Estelle Watson.
  27. Statutory rape.
  28. Statutory rape.
  29. Also murdered her husband, Shang LeGrand, but was not convicted of this.
  30. Described as a "homosexual killing."
  31. Also convicted of second-degree murder for the murder of Marjorie Blackwood during the same incident.
  32. Willie Mae Cratch and her two children.
  33. Previously served five years for manslaughter after fatally stabbing another black man, Roy Hull, and was suspected in the murders of two other men.
  34. Bertha raped, Betty Marie murdered.

Sources

  1. "Executions in North Carolina - 1901-1930 - DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States". deathpenaltyusa.org. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  2. "Executions in North Carolina - 1931-1961 - DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States". deathpenaltyusa.org. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
  3. Kotch, Seth (2019-01-10). Lethal State: A History of the Death Penalty in North Carolina. UNC Press Books. ISBN   978-1-4696-4988-7.
  4. "Death Chair is Ready at Last". The Dispatch . March 16, 1910. p. 4. Retrieved August 31, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. 1 2 "Morrison Must Die". The Robesonian . March 14, 1910. p. 1. Retrieved August 31, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. Phillip Mills, NC, 1911 February 10, Espy Archive
  7. Nathan Montague, 1911 February 15, Espy Archive
  8. James Allison, 1911 February 24, Espy Archive
  9. Lewis West, NC, 1911 May 5, Espy Archive
  10. Norman Lewis, NC, 1911 May 12, Espy Archive
  11. Norvell Jr. Marshall, NC, 1911 October 27, Espy Archive
  12. Ross French, NC, 1911 November 24, Espy Archive
  13. L. M. Sandlin, 1911 December 29, Espy Archive
  14. Brad Bagley, 1912 May 17, Espy Archive
  15. G. G. Wilkins, NC, 1912 June 21, Espy Archive
  16. R. W. Cobb, NC, 1914 March 6, Espy Archive
  17. Sidney Finger, NC, 1914 June 19, Espy Archive
  18. Grady Lane, NC, 1914 August 21, Espy Archive
  19. Jim Cameron, NC, 1914 August 28, Espy Archive
  20. "Special Court For Stanly". The Polk County News . October 16, 1914. p. 8. Retrieved August 31, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  21. Willie Bell, NC, 1915 July 8, Espy Archive
  22. Charles Trull, 1915 September 3, Espy Archive
  23. Jeff Dorsett, Ed Walker, 1916 January 28, Espy Archive
  24. Jim Cooper, NC, 1916 February 11, Espy Archive
  25. Ernest Lowry, NC, 1916 February 25, Espy Archive
  26. Will Black, NC, 1916 July 21, Espy Archive
  27. Arthur Smith, NC, 1916 August 1, Espy Archive
  28. John Savage, NC, 1916 August 4, Espy Archive
  29. Bunke Maske, NC, 1917 May 25, Espy Archive
  30. "Aged Man Is Executed For Killing Farmer". The Evening Independent . November 9, 1917. p. 6. Retrieved August 31, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  31. Earle Neville, NC, 1918 March 15, Espy Archive
  32. Willie Williams, 1918 April 26, Espy Archive
  33. Herbert Perry, 1918 May 25, Espy Archive
  34. Napoleon Spencer, NC, 1918 December 20, Espy Archive
  35. Tom Gwynn, 1919 June 27, Espy Archive
  36. Churchill Godley, 1920 January 16, Espy Archive
  37. Gardner Cain, NC, 1920 March 5, Espy Archive
  38. Ralph Conner, NC, 1920 September 20, Espy Archive
  39. "Electrocute Negro In Prison Today". The Evening Independent . November 5, 1920. p. 8. Retrieved September 1, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  40. Arthur McDowell, 1920 December 3, Espy Archive
  41. Frank Henderson, 1921 October 10, Espy Archive
  42. J. T. Harris, NC, 1921 October 20, Espy Archive
  43. Harry Caldwell, NC, 1921 October 31, Espy Archive
  44. W. P. Westmoreland, NC, 1921 November 21, Espy Archive
  45. Claude Morehead, 1921 November 30, Espy Archive
  46. Angus Murphy, NC, 1922 September 15, Espy Archive
  47. "Negro Is Hanged; Watcher Faints". Spokane Daily Chronicle . March 1, 1923. p. 24. Retrieved September 1, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  48. Willis Hardison, 1923 April 27, Espy Archive
  49. Wiley Perry, NC, 1923 May 9, Espy Archive
  50. "Governor Declines to Interfere in Sentence of Death Against D. M. Nobles of Columbus". The Robesonian . April 26, 1923. p. 1. Retrieved September 1, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  51. Ed Dill, 1923 June 28, Espy Archive
  52. Jim Miller, NC, 1923 October 5, Espy Archive
  53. John Goss, NC, 1923 December 7, Espy Archive
  54. Lee Washington, NC, 1923 December 28, Espy Archive
  55. Kenneth Hale, John Leake, 1925 January 5, Espy Archive
  56. Elmer Stewart, NC, 1925 April 17, Espy Archive
  57. Len Walton, NC, 1925 April 21, Espy Archive
  58. Jim Collins, 1925 June 5, Espy Archive
  59. Will Williams, NC, 1925 June 12, Espy Archive
  60. George Love, NC, 1925 June 19, Espy Archive
  61. Thomas Robinson, 1925 October 2, Espy Archive
  62. John McMillan, NC, 1925 October 2, Espy Archive
  63. John Dawkins, NC, 1926 January 8, Espy Archive
  64. Arthur Montague, 1926 January 22, Espy Archive
  65. "Slayer Executed". St. Petersburg Times . March 12, 1927. p. 25. Retrieved September 1, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  66. Ernest Walker, NC, 1927 April 22, Espy Archive
  67. Pearl Mitchell, 1927 June 10, Espy Archive
  68. George Frank Bazemore, NC, 1927 September 23, Espy Archive
  69. "Condemned Negro "Will Eat" Above". The Dispatch . December 8, 1927. p. 4. Retrieved September 1, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  70. David Devlin, NC, 1928 February 17, Espy Archive
  71. Clarence Thomas, NC, 1928 April 27, Espy Archive
  72. John Clyburn, NC, 1928 May 25, Espy Archive
  73. Larry Newsome, NC, 1928 September 28, Espy Archive
  74. Freddie Willey, NC, 1929 June 28, Espy Archive
  75. Willis Buckner, NC, 1929 September 12, Espy Archive
  76. Ernest Fox, NC, 1929 November 22, Espy Archive
  77. Ray Evans, NC, 1930 March 14, Espy Archive
  78. John Macon, 1930 April 4, Espy Archive
  79. James Brumfield, NC, 1930 May 9, Espy Archive
  80. James Spivey, NC, 1930 May 23, Espy Archive
  81. Aaron Sharp, NC, 1930 September 26, Espy Archive
  82. Willie Massey, NC, 1930 November 7, Espy Archive
  83. Will Sloan, NC, 1930 November 7, Espy Archive
  84. Sidney Gattis, NC, 1931 January 23, Espy Archive
  85. Dave McRae, NC, 1931 February 13, Espy Archive
  86. Wilson Autry, NC, 1931 August 10, Espy Archive
  87. Ben Goldston, 1931 August 21, Espy Archive
  88. J. W. Ballard, NC, 1931 December 11, Espy Archive
  89. Chevis Herring, NC, 1931 December 18, Espy Archive
  90. Asbury Respus, 1932 January 8, Espy Archive
  91. John Myers, NC, 1932 March 25, Espy Archive
  92. Plato Edney, NC, 1932 July 15, Espy Archive
  93. Noel Donnell, 1932 August 26, Espy Archive
  94. Leroy Lee, 1932 October 14, Espy Archive
  95. Harvey Wallace, NC, 1932 December 16, Espy Archive
  96. Alec Grier, NC, 1932 December 16, Espy Archive
  97. David McNair, 1933 May 19, Espy Archive
  98. Clay Foglemann, NC, 1933 August 4, Espy Archive
  99. Bryant Stone, 1933 September 8, Espy Archive
  100. Johnny Lee, NC, 1933 September 15, Espy Archive
  101. James Johnson, NC, 1934 March 16, Espy Archive
  102. Jesse Brooks, NC, 1934 March 16, Espy Archive
  103. Walter Thaxton, NC, 1934 March 23, Espy Archive
  104. "Negro Electrocuted In N. Carolina Chair". Waycross Journal-Herald . April 27, 1934. p. 1. Retrieved September 2, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  105. James Sheffield, NC, 1934 May 18, Espy Archive
  106. "Two Murderers Pay Penalties". Waycross Journal-Herald . May 18, 1934. p. 1. Retrieved September 2, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  107. Ossie Smith, NC, 1934 June 15, Espy Archive
  108. Joe Dalton, NC, 1934 June 22, Espy Archive
  109. Clyde Ferrell, NC, 1934 July 6, Espy Archive
  110. John Edwards, NC, 1934 July 6, Espy Archive
  111. George Keaton, NC, 1934 September 21, Espy Archive
  112. Emanuel Bitting, NC, 1934 September 28, Espy Archive
  113. Willie Crockett, NC, 1934 September 28, Espy Archive
  114. Tom Johnson, NC, 1934 November 16, Espy Archive
  115. R. E. Black, NC, 1934 December 7, Espy Archive
  116. Rufus Satterfield, NC, 1934 December 13, Espy Archive
  117. Sidney Etheridge, NC, 1935 March 15, Espy Archive
  118. Louis Sentelle, 1935 July 12, Espy Archive
  119. George Whitfield, 1935 July 12, Espy Archive
  120. Dortch Waller, 1935 August 2, Espy Archive
  121. William T. Williams, NC, 1935 August 2, Espy Archive
  122. Houston McMillan, NC, 1935 August 9, Espy Archive
  123. Caesar Miller, NC, 1935 September 6, Espy Archive
  124. "Indian Youths Face Gallows". Herald-Journal . November 9, 1935. p. 4. Retrieved September 6, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  125. "Test Method Of Execution". The Windsor Daily Star . December 20, 1935. p. 31. Retrieved September 6, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  126. PhD, William G. Hinkle, PhD and Gregory S. Taylor (2016). North Carolina State Prison. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN   978-1-4671-1516-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  127. "Electric Chair Declared More Humane Than Gas". Meriden Record . July 5, 1938. p. 1. Retrieved September 14, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  128. "The Chair vs. the Gas Chamber". Herald-Journal . July 6, 1938. p. 3. Retrieved September 14, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  129. "Today In America". The Deseret News . January 7, 1939. p. 2. Retrieved September 14, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  130. Robert Dunlap, 1936 January 17, Espy Archive
  131. Allen Foster, NC, 1936 January 24, Espy Archive
  132. Ed Jenkins, NC, 1936 January 31, Espy Archive
  133. Thomas Watson, NC, 1936 February 7, Espy Archive
  134. William Long, NC, 1936 February 7, Espy Archive
  135. Jake Johnson, NC, 1936 March 19, Espy Archive
  136. Ed Hester, NC, 1936 March 20, Espy Archive
  137. Bright Buffkin, NC, 1936 March 27, Espy Archive
  138. Germie Williams, NC, 1936 May 8, Espy Archive
  139. "Lethal Execution". Sarasota Herald-Tribune . May 29, 1936. p. 1. Retrieved September 6, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  140. John Horne, NC, 1936 June 19, Espy Archive
  141. Henry Grier, NC, 1936 July 10, Espy Archive
  142. William Hodgin, NC, 1936 July 17, Espy Archive
  143. Willie Galman, NC, 1936 August 21, Espy Archive
  144. John Kinyon, 1936 August 21, Espy Archive
  145. J. B. Carden, NC, 1936 September 4, Espy Archive
  146. George Alston, NC, 1936 September 4, Espy Archive
  147. John Pressley, NC, 1936 November 13, Espy Archive
  148. Evans Macklin, NC, 1936 November 20, Espy Archive
  149. Willie Tate, NC, 1936 November 20, Espy Archive
  150. Martin Moore, NC, 1936 December 11, Espy Archive
  151. Robert Brown, NC, 1937 July 9, Espy Archive
  152. Sam Jones, NC, 1937 July 16, Espy Archive
  153. Hunter Winchester, NC, 1937 July 23, Espy Archive
  154. A. W. Watson, 1937 July 30, Espy Archive
  155. "Exit Exum". Lawrence Journal-World . August 6, 1937. p. 1. Retrieved September 7, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  156. Larry McNeill, NC, 1937 August 13, Espy Archive
  157. James McNeill, NC, 1937 August 13
  158. Walter Caldwell, NC, 1937 December 10, Espy Archive
  159. William Perry, 1937 December 10, Espy Archive
  160. James Sermons, NC, 1938 January 21, Espy Archive
  161. James Marshall, NC, 1938 February 4, Espy Archive
  162. Milford Exum, NC, 1938 February 18, Espy Archive
  163. Edgar Smoak, 1938 February 18, Espy Archive
  164. "Negro Wanted On Serious Charge Is Under Arrest". The Bladen Journal . August 26, 1937. p. 1. Retrieved September 7, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  165. "N. C. Executes Two". Herald-Journal . April 30, 1938. p. 1. Retrieved September 7, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  166. "Die For Assaults". The Tuscaloosa News . June 17, 1938. p. 2. Retrieved September 7, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  167. Wash Turner, Bill Payne, Wiley Brice, 1938 July 1, Espy Archive
  168. 1 2 "Slayers Of Patrolman Die In Gas Chamber". The Bladen Journal . July 7, 1938. p. 4. Retrieved September 14, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  169. Wiley Brice, NC, 1938 July 1, Espy Archive
  170. Tom Linney, NC, 1938 September 23, Espy Archive
  171. John Howie, NC, 1938 December 2, Espy Archive
  172. Baxter Parnell, 1938 December 9, Espy Archive
  173. King S. Stovall, 1939 January 20, Espy Archive
  174. Clarence Bracy, NC, 1939 April 7, Espy Archive
  175. Bat DeJournette, 1939 April 7, Espy Archive
  176. James Dixon, 1939 May 5, Espy Archive
  177. Dave Burney, NC, 1939 June 9, Espy Archive
  178. Ed Alston, NC, 1939 June 16, Espy Archive
  179. Bricey Hammonds, NC, 1939 July 7, Espy Archive
  180. Alfred Caper, NC, 1939 July 7, Espy Archive
  181. James Henderson, 1939 July 7, Espy Archive
  182. Arthur Morris, NC, 1939 September 1, Espy Archive
  183. James Godwin, 1939 September 22, Espy Archive
  184. Charles Fain, 1939 October 6, Espy Archive
  185. Willie Richardson, NC, 1939 October 27, Espy Archive
  186. Claude Jr Bowser, NC, 1939 October 28, Espy Archive
  187. Raymond Williams, 1939 November 24, Espy Archive
  188. Clarence Rogers, NC, 1940 January 19, Espy Archive
  189. Glenn Maxwell, 1940 January 19, Espy Archive
  190. William Young, NC, 1940 February 16, Espy Archive
  191. Robert Williams, NC, 1940 March 15, Espy Archive
  192. Charlie Hopkins, NC, 1940 June 14, Espy Archive
  193. Lee Flynn, 1940 June 28, Espy Archive
  194. Zedekiel Smith, NC, 1940 December 6, Espy Archive
  195. Dollie Hudson, 1941 April 18, Espy Archive
  196. Sylvester Woodard, NC, 1941 May 2, Espy Archive
  197. James Shaw, NC, 1941 May 23, Espy Archive
  198. Fleet Wall, 1941 June 6, Espy Archive
  199. Noah Cureton, 1941 June 13, Espy Archive
  200. Hubert Cash, NC, 1941 August 22, Espy Archive
  201. Tom Melvin, 1941 September 5, Espy Archive
  202. George Peele, NC, 1941 October 10, Espy Archive
  203. Luther Morrow, NC, 1941 December 12, Espy Archive
  204. Roland Wescott, NC, 1942 January 9, Espy Archive
  205. Roy Sturdivant, NC, 1942 February 13, Espy Archive
  206. Arthur Gibson, 1942 August 7, Espy Archive
  207. Walter Smith, NC, 1942 August 21, Espy Archive
  208. Herman Allen, 1942 October 30, Espy Archive
  209. Otis Harris, NC, 1942 October 30, Espy Archive
  210. "Man And His Wife Executed In N. C. In Farmer Death". Herald-Journal . January 2, 1943. p. 4. Retrieved September 12, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  211. Sam Hairston, NC, 1943 January 29, Espy Archive
  212. Palmer Meares, NC, 1943 February 19, Espy Archive
  213. John Lee, NC, 1943 April 16, Espy Archive
  214. Lewis Moody, NC, 1943 May 21, Espy Archive
  215. Bill Bryant, 1943 June 4, Espy Archive
  216. Purcell Smith, NC, 1943 June 4, Espy Archive
  217. James Utley, NC, 1943 June 18, Espy Archive
  218. William Poole, NC, 1943 October 8, Espy Archive
  219. Willie Smith, 1943 October 29, Espy Archive
  220. John Redfern, NC, 1943 November 26, Espy Archive
  221. Clyde Grass, 1943 December 10, Espy Archive
  222. Alex Harris, NC, 1944 January 28, Espy Archive
  223. Andrew Farrell, NC, 1944 February 18, Espy Archive
  224. Waymon Grainger, NC, 1944 February 25, Espy Archive
  225. James Taylor, NC, 1944 November 3, Espy Archive
  226. George Brooks, James Buchanan, 1944 November 24, Espy Archive
  227. Bessie Williams, Ralph Thompson, 1944 December 29, Espy Archive
  228. Melvin Wade, NC, 1944 December 29, Espy Archive
  229. Elmer Biggs, John Messer, William Biggs, 1945 March 9, Espy Archive
  230. "N. C. Executed Slayer of Sweetheart, Mother". The Afro American . June 2, 1945. p. 1. Retrieved September 13, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  231. Lacy McDaniel, 1945 June 6, Espy Archive
  232. Henry French, NC, 1945 June 22, Espy Archive
  233. Edward Mays, NC, 1945 November 2, Espy Archive
  234. Walter Hightower, NC, 1946 February 15, Espy Archive
  235. Alligood King, NC, 1946 April 26, Espy Archive
  236. Thomas Hart, NC, 1946 May 4, Espy Archive
  237. Gurney Herring, NC, 1946 May 24, Espy Archive
  238. George Walker, 1946 June 21, Espy Archive
  239. Fab Stewart, NC, 1946 June 28, Espy Archive
  240. Fred Deaton, NC, 1946 June 28, Espy Archive
  241. Robert Nash, NC, 1946 November 1, Espy Archive
  242. Charles Jr Primus, NC, 1946 November 22, Espy Archive
  243. Herman Matthews, NC, 1946 December 13, Espy Archive
  244. Otis Ragland, NC, 1947 March 14, Espy Archive
  245. Bennie Montgomery, NC, 1947 March 28, Espy Archive
  246. Eunice Martin, NC, 1947 April 11, Espy Archive
  247. Ben McLeod, NC, 1947 May 23, Espy Archive
  248. Albert Sanders, NC, 1947 June 6, Espy Archive
  249. 1 2 3 "Three Executed In North Carolina". San Jose News . June 27, 1947. p. 14. Retrieved September 14, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  250. Roy Kirksey, NC, 1947 June 27, Espy Archive
  251. Woodrow Brown, NC, 1947 June 27, Espy Archive
  252. Willie Cherry, NC, 1947 October 3, Espy Archive
  253. Earl O'Dear, NC, 1947 October 3, Espy Archive
  254. 1 2 "North Carolina Executed Five In Gas Chamber". St. Petersburg Times . October 4, 1947. p. 7. Retrieved September 14, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  255. Richard McCain, NC, 1947 October 3, Espy Archive
  256. Oscar Douglas, 1947 October 10, Espy Archive
  257. 1 2 3 "Four Convicted Murderers Executed In N. C. Prison". The Tuscaloosa News . October 31, 1947. p. 1. Retrieved September 14, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  258. Lester Stanley, NC, 1947 October 31, Espy Archive
  259. Thurman Munn, NC, 1947 October 31, Espy Archive
  260. Marvin Bell, NC, 1947 November 14, Espy Archive
  261. "3 Die In State's Gas Chamber As Clemency Denied". The Robesonian . November 14, 1947. p. 1. Retrieved September 14, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  262. Willie Little, NC, 1947 November 14, Espy Archive
  263. "Slayer Who Got Yule Reprieve Is Executed". Reading Eagle . January 16, 1948. p. 1. Retrieved September 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  264. "Short Stories". Herald-Journal . April 24, 1948. p. 1. Retrieved September 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  265. Buster Hooks, 1948 April 22, Espy Archive
  266. Booker Anderson, NC, 1948 April 23, Espy Archive
  267. James Jackson, 1948 May 7, Espy Archive
  268. Henderson Wilson, George Hammonds, 1948 June 4, Espy Archive
  269. James West, NC, 1948 November 19, Espy Archive
  270. James Creech, 1949 January 28, Espy Archive
  271. "Emmett Garner Goes To Death In Gas Chamber". Star-News . March 18, 1949. p. 25. Retrieved September 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  272. Roy Cockrell, NC, 1949 March 25, Espy Archive
  273. "Lewis Was Calm". The Robesonian . June 17, 1949. p. 1. Retrieved September 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  274. Monroe Medlin, 1949 December 9, Espy Archive
  275. Audie Brown, 1949 December 9, Espy Archive
  276. Allen T. Reid, NC, 1949 December 9, Espy Archive
  277. "Execution Stay Granted Bridges By Chief Justice". Star-News . December 15, 1949. p. 21. Retrieved September 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  278. Hector Chavis, NC, 1949 December 30, Espy Archive
  279. Lee Heller, 1950 January 6, Espy Archive
  280. Jack Bridges, NC, 1950 May 19, Espy Archive
  281. Claude Shackleford, 1950 July 21, Espy Archive
  282. Covey Lamm, NC, 1950 November 10, Espy Archive
  283. "Negro Executed Today For Rape Of White Woman". The Dispatch . November 24, 1950. p. 1. Retrieved September 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  284. Curtis Shedd, NC, 1951 March 23, Espy Archive
  285. James Hall, 1951 March 29, Espy Archive
  286. John Rogers, NC, 1951 April 27, Espy Archive
  287. John Roman, 1952 June 6, Espy Archive
  288. Lafayette Miller, NC, 1953 May 1, Espy Archive
  289. Clyde Brown, NC, 1953 May 29, Espy Archive
  290. Raleigh Speller, NC, 1953 May 29, Espy Archive
  291. Lloyd Daniels, NC, 1953 November 6, Espy Archive
  292. Richard Scales, 1955 July 15, Espy Archive
  293. Robert Conner, NC, 1956 July 13, Espy Archive
  294. Ross Mcafee, NC, 1957 November 22, Espy Archives
  295. Julius Bunton, 1958 February 28, Espy Archive
  296. "Convicted Rapist Executed In N.C." Herald-Journal . December 6, 1958. p. 1. Retrieved September 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  297. Theodore Boykin, NC, 1961 October 27, Espy Archives