One hundred and eighty-eight people, one hundred and eighty-six male and two female, were executed in the United States in 1938, one hundred and twenty-two by electrocution, thirty-three by hanging, thirty-two by gas chamber, and one by firing squad. [1]
No. | Date of execution | Name | Age of person | Gender | Ethnicity | State | Method | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At execution | At offense | Age difference | ||||||||
1 | January 6, 1938 | Salvatore Ossido | 27 | 26 | 1 | Male | White | New York | Electrocution | [2] |
2 | January 7, 1938 | Frank Wilhelm | 24 | 23 | Asian | California | Hanging | [3] | ||
3 | January 14, 1938 | Elvin Jack Odom | 27 | 26 | White | Arizona | Gas chamber | [4] | ||
4 | Willis Fuller | 28 | 27 | Indiana | Electrocution | [5] | ||||
5 | Albert Lee Hemphill | 23 | 22 | Black | Texas | [6] | ||||
6 | January 15, 1938 | Owen J. Cauche | 29 | 7 | White | Louisiana | Hanging | [7] | ||
7 | Anthony Dallao | 33 | 26 | |||||||
8 | Joseph Ugarte | 27 | 20 | |||||||
9 | Franklin Robideau | 49 | 49 | 0 | Montana | [8] | ||||
10 | January 17, 1938 | William McKinley Gardner | 37 | 34 | 3 | Ohio | Electrocution | [9] | ||
11 | Charles J. Hines | 26 | 25 | 1 | ||||||
12 | January 18, 1938 | Anthony DiStasio | 26 | 24 | 2 | Massachusetts | [10] | |||
13 | Frank DiStasio | 52 | 50 | |||||||
14 | January 21, 1938 | James Sermons | 29 | Unknown | Unknown | Black | North Carolina | Gas chamber | [1] | |
15 | Ramon A. Cota | 35 | 34 | 1 | White | New Jersey | Electrocution | [11] | ||
16 | January 24, 1938 | John Milton Mercer | 29 | 21 | 8 | Iowa | Hanging | [12] | ||
17 | Allen Baldwin Wheaton | 21 | 20 | 1 | ||||||
18 | January 28, 1938 | Frank Millhouse | 18 | 15 | 3 | Black | Alabama | Electrocution | [13] | |
19 | R.P. Vaughn | 20 | 17 | |||||||
20 | Angelo Ralph Giancola | 22 | 21 | 1 | White | Illinois | [14] | |||
21 | Marie Porter | 38 | 37 | Female | ||||||
22 | February 4, 1938 | Duncan Pigue | 27 | Unknown | Unknown | Male | Black | Arkansas | [1] | |
23 | James Marshall | 30 | Unknown | Unknown | North Carolina | Gas chamber | [15] | |||
24 | February 7, 1938 | Walter Strantz | 37 | 36 | 1 | White | Pennsylvania | Electrocution | [16] | |
25 | February 8, 1938 | William John Stephan | 31 | 29 | 2 | New Jersey | [17] | |||
26 | February 18, 1938 | Roy Leon Righthouse | 28 | 27 | 1 | California | Hanging | [18] | ||
27 | Lee Goodwin | Unknown | Unknown | |||||||
28 | Milford Harris Exum | 40 | Unknown | Unknown | North Carolina | Gas chamber | [19] | |||
29 | Edgar Leroy Smoak Sr. | 37 | 3 | |||||||
30 | February 23, 1938 | Clifford Hawkins | 25 | 24 | 1 | Washington | Hanging | [20] | ||
31 | February 24, 1938 | Charles James Brown | 30 | 29 | Black | New York | Electrocution | [1] | ||
32 | February 25, 1938 | Leroy Ware | 19 | Unknown | Unknown | Arkansas | ||||
33 | Claud Henry Ryan | 34 | 33 | 1 | White | Washington | Hanging | [21] | ||
34 | March 4, 1938 | John Brown | 35 | 2 | Black | Missouri | Gas chamber | [22] | ||
35 | William Wright | 32 | 27 | 5 | ||||||
36 | March 5, 1938 | Raymond Boyer | 33 | 31 | 2 | White | [23] | |||
37 | March 11, 1938 | Willie Noble | 25 | 24 | 1 | Black | Arkansas | Electrocution | [24] | |
38 | March 15, 1938 | Leroy Kelley | 33 | 32 | Texas | [25] | ||||
39 | March 18, 1938 | Lester Warfel Brockelhurst Jr. | 24 | 23 | White | Arkansas | [26] | |||
40 | Joe Newt Sims | 30 | 29 | |||||||
41 | Norman Wesley Robinson | 29 | 27 | 2 | Black | District of Columbia | [27] | |||
42 | March 21, 1938 | Martin Joseph Sullivan | 71 | 70 | 1 | White | Pennsylvania | [28] | ||
43 | Orville Adkins | 25 | 25 | 0 | West Virginia | Hanging | [29] | |||
44 | John Travis | 24 | 1 | |||||||
45 | Arnett Allen Booth | 47 | 47 | 0 | ||||||
46 | March 22, 1938 | Doran Roach | 27 | 26 | 1 | Black | New Jersey | Electrocution | [30] | |
47 | March 25, 1938 | Everett Jones | 33 | 32 | White | Ohio | [31] | |||
48 | James Jackson | 28 | 26 | 2 | Black | Virginia | [32] | |||
49 | Jasper McNeill | 24 | 24 | 0 | ||||||
50 | March 28, 1938 | Ralph E. Hawk | 21 | 20 | 1 | White | Pennsylvania | [33] | ||
51 | Fred Reibaldi | 27 | 26 | |||||||
52 | Albert Gregg | 32 | 32 | 0 | ||||||
53 | March 31, 1938 | Virgil Terrill | 25 | Unknown | Unknown | Black | Texas | [34] | ||
54 | April 1, 1938 | Albert Faria | 31 | 30 | 1 | White | New Jersey | [35] | ||
55 | Harry Peter Simmons | 27 | 26 | Native American | ||||||
56 | April 8, 1938 | Joe Martin | 31 | Unknown | Unknown | Black | Virginia | [1] | ||
57 | April 12, 1938 | Frank Palko | 25 | 22 | 3 | White | Connecticut | [36] | ||
58 | April 13, 1938 | Earnest Gaines | 25 | 0 | Black | South Carolina | [1] | |||
59 | April 15, 1938 | Gus McKinney | 19 | 18 | 1 | Tennessee | [37] | |||
60 | April 19, 1938 | Marlo Marcus Heinz | 32 | 29 | 3 | White | Iowa | Hanging | [38] | |
61 | Franz A. Jacobsen | 30 | 28 | 2 | ||||||
62 | J.C. Scott | 22 | 22 | 0 | Black | Illinois | Electrocution | [1] | ||
63 | April 25, 1938 | Edward Rose | 20 | 2 | White | Pennsylvania | [39] | |||
64 | Theodore Duminiak | 20 | 18 | |||||||
65 | John Oreszak | |||||||||
66 | April 29, 1938 | Waddell Hadley | 22 | Unknown | Unknown | Black | North Carolina | Gas chamber | [40] | |
67 | Sylvester Outlaw | 32 | 31 | 1 | ||||||
68 | Benjamin Rivers | 46 | 44 | 2 | South Carolina | Electrocution | [41] | |||
69 | Johnnie Banks | 25 | Unknown | Unknown | Texas | [42] | ||||
70 | April 30, 1938 | John Walker Vaughn | 32 | 31 | 1 | White | [43] | |||
71 | May 3, 1938 | Monroe White | 33 | 32 | Black | Indiana | [1] | |||
72 | May 6, 1938 | Archie Haywood | 37 | 36 | Georgia | |||||
73 | Heber Luther Hicks | 40 | 38 | 2 | White | Indiana | [44] | |||
74 | Henderson Young | 15 | Unknown | Unknown | Black | Texas | [45] | |||
75 | Roscoe Young | 17 | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
76 | May 10, 1938 | Paul Layes | 34 | 32 | 2 | White | [46] | |||
77 | May 13, 1938 | George Thomas | 21 | 21 | 0 | Black | Georgia | [1] | ||
78 | Edward Philip Simpson | 40 | 39 | 1 | White | Massachusetts | [47] | |||
79 | Raymond Styers | 25 | 24 | West Virginia | Hanging | [48] | ||||
80 | May 20, 1938 | Troy Triplett | 23 | 22 | Kentucky | Electrocution | [49] | |||
81 | Ollie Armstrong | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Black | Mississippi | Hanging | [50] | ||
82 | Alvin Taylor | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
83 | May 26, 1938 | Terrence Roberts | 26 | 25 | 1 | White | New York | Electrocution | [51] | |
84 | May 31, 1938 | Charlie Brooks | 41 | 39 | 2 | Black | Texas | [52] | ||
85 | June 1, 1938 | John Dee Smith | 22 | 19 | 3 | White | Indiana | [53] | ||
86 | June 2, 1938 | Lawrence Marks | 50 | 49 | 1 | New York | [54] | |||
87 | June 3, 1938 | Harold Van Venison | 30 | 30 | 0 | Black | Kentucky | Hanging | [55] | |
88 | Tonnie Moore | 26 | 25 | 1 | Texas | Electrocution | [56] | |||
89 | June 10, 1938 | Empie Baldwin | 25 | 0 | North Carolina | Gas chamber | [57] | |||
90 | June 13, 1938 | Wendell Forrest Bowers | 20 | 19 | 1 | White | Pennsylvania | Electrocution | [58] | |
91 | June 17, 1938 | Levy Lamar Rozier | 41 | Unknown | Unknown | Georgia | [59] | |||
92 | Lonnie Gardner | 27 | 26 | 1 | Black | North Carolina | Gas chamber | [60] | ||
93 | Apsom Outlaw | 28 | 27 | |||||||
94 | Tommie Wells | 24 | Unknown | Unknown | Texas | Electrocution | [61] | |||
95 | Mark Henry Calhoun | 18 | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
96 | June 20, 1938 | Orson Williams | 28 | Unknown | Unknown | Florida | [62] | |||
97 | June 24, 1938 | Frank Carter | 26 | 25 | 1 | Arkansas | [63] | |||
98 | Theo Thomas | 28 | 27 | |||||||
99 | June 27, 1938 | Thomas B. Williams | 19 | 19 | 0 | Ohio | [64] | |||
100 | June 28, 1938 | Robert Shaw | 28 | 28 | White | Indiana | [65] | |||
101 | June 30, 1938 | Raymond Batson | 32 | 4 | Black | Missouri | Gas chamber | [66] | ||
102 | July 1, 1938 | Wiley Brice | 37 | 25 | 12 | North Carolina | [67] | |||
103 | William Andrew Payne | 41 | 41 | 0 | White | |||||
104 | John Washington Turner | 36 | 36 | |||||||
105 | July 5, 1938 | Willie Randolph | 34 | 34 | Black | Florida | Electrocution | [68] | ||
106 | July 6, 1938 | William Hobbs | 33 | 32 | 1 | White | Ohio | [69] | ||
107 | July 8, 1938 | Hugh Marshall Jr. | 20 | 19 | Indiana | [70] | ||||
108 | Vurtis Neal | 24 | 22 | 2 | ||||||
109 | Anthony Chebatoris | 40 | 39 | 1 | Federal government | Hanging | [71] | |||
110 | July 13, 1938 | Robert Anderson Snow | 27 | 27 | 0 | Ohio | Electrocution | [72] | ||
111 | July 14, 1938 | John Henry Seadlund | Federal government | [73] | ||||||
112 | July 15, 1938 | Johnnie Jones | 35 | 34 | 1 | Black | Missouri | Gas chamber | [74] | |
113 | July 18, 1938 | Michael Fugmann | 54 | 51 | 3 | White | Pennsylvania | Electrocution | [75] | |
114 | July 22, 1938 | Mack Davidson | 28 | Unknown | Unknown | Black | Alabama | [76] | ||
115 | Gary Young | 41 | 40 | 1 | ||||||
116 | July 25, 1938 | Arthur Mosby | 26 | Unknown | Unknown | Tennessee | [77] | |||
117 | July 29, 1938 | L.O. Goodman | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | South Carolina | [1] | |||
118 | Fobie Grays | 22 | 22 | 0 | Texas | [78] | ||||
119 | August 2, 1938 | Vince Boss | 20 | 2 | White | [79] | ||||
120 | August 5, 1938 | Stanley N. Knapp | 20 | 19 | 1 | Washington | Hanging | [80] | ||
121 | August 11, 1938 | Felix John Cummings | 28 | 25 | 3 | New York | Electrocution | [81] | ||
122 | George Lewis | 26 | 23 | |||||||
123 | August 12, 1938 | Glen J. Applegate | 46 | 45 | 1 | Federal government | Hanging | [82] | ||
124 | Robert J. Suhay | 25 | 24 | |||||||
125 | August 18, 1938 | John Rylowicz | 39 | 38 | New York | Electrocution | [83] | |||
126 | August 19, 1938 | Curtis Cobb | 22 | 21 | Black | Alabama | [84] | |||
127 | Willie James Whitfield | 17 | 16 | |||||||
128 | Callan Hardy Morgan | 37 | 36 | White | Texas | [85] | ||||
129 | Jesus E. Polanco | 22 | 19 | 3 | Hispanic | |||||
130 | August 23, 1938 | William Albert Brown | 24 | 23 | 1 | Black | New Jersey | [86] | ||
131 | Smalley Burrell | |||||||||
132 | August 28, 1938 | Richard Hammond | 31 | 30 | Maryland | Hanging | [1] | |||
133 | August 29, 1938 | James Albert Turner | 25 | Unknown | Unknown | |||||
134 | September 2, 1938 | Francisco Aguirre | 30 | 29 | 1 | Hispanic | California | [87] | ||
135 | Parkie Denny | 44 | 42 | 2 | White | Kentucky | Electrocution | [88] | ||
136 | September 16, 1938 | Albert Dyer | 33 | 31 | California | Hanging | [89] | |||
137 | September 23, 1938 | L.J. Jefferson | 18 | 17 | 1 | Black | North Carolina | Gas chamber | [90] | |
138 | Tom Linney | 32 | 31 | |||||||
139 | September 26, 1938 | William Gentry Peters | 44 | 43 | Ohio | Electrocution | [1] | |||
140 | September 30, 1938 | Henry A. Noelke | 33 | 32 | White | Indiana | [91] | |||
141 | George Ford | 20 | Unknown | Unknown | Black | North Carolina | Gas chamber | [1] | ||
142 | October 7, 1938 | Adam C. Richetti | 29 | 23 | 6 | White | Missouri | [92] | ||
143 | October 10, 1938 | Fred Holland Mitchell | 23 | Unknown | Unknown | Black | Pennsylvania | Electrocution | [93] | |
144 | October 14, 1938 | Harrison Wells | 49 | 48 | 1 | California | Hanging | [94] | ||
145 | October 21, 1938 | John Jelliga | 33 | 33 | 0 | White | Illinois | Electrocution | [95] | |
146 | Henry Mathias | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Louisiana | Hanging | [1] | |||
147 | October 26, 1938 | Sam Thomas | 23 | 22 | 1 | Black | Ohio | Electrocution | ||
148 | October 28, 1938 | Ralph Benton | 40 | 39 | Georgia | |||||
149 | Walter Melton | 31 | 30 | [96] | ||||||
150 | Leonard Mosley | 43 | 43 | 0 | Kentucky | [1] | ||||
151 | Granville Allen | 28 | 26 | 2 | Missouri | Gas chamber | [97] | |||
152 | Salinas Canedo | 26 | 24 | Hispanic | Texas | Electrocution | [1] | |||
153 | October 31, 1938 | Antonio Peronace | 36 | 35 | 1 | White | Pennsylvania | [98] | ||
154 | John W. Deering | 40 | 39 | Utah | Firing squad | [99] | ||||
155 | November 3, 1938 | Carl Ferrito | 21 | 20 | Ohio | Electrocution | [100] | |||
156 | November 4, 1938 | Isaac McBride | 31 | 30 | Black | Georgia | [101] | |||
157 | Byron Ethelbert King | 28 | 25 | 3 | White | Missouri | Gas chamber | [102] | ||
158 | November 10, 1938 | Buck Etheridge | 20 | Unknown | Unknown | Black | Georgia | Electrocution | [103] | |
159 | November 18, 1938 | Rhuel James Dalhover | 32 | 31 | 1 | White | Federal government | [104] | ||
160 | Ed Robinson | 33 | Unknown | Unknown | Black | North Carolina | Gas chamber | [105] | ||
161 | November 21, 1938 | Joseph R. O'Donnell | 40 | 37 | 3 | White | Washington | Hanging | [106] | |
162 | November 25, 1938 | Jimmie Brown | 25 | 25 | 0 | Black | Alabama | Electrocution | [1] | |
163 | Conrad Vaughan | 27 | Unknown | Unknown | White | |||||
164 | Frank Knight | 26 | Unknown | Unknown | Black | Georgia | ||||
165 | Otis Cypress | 29 | 29 | 0 | Virginia | [107] | ||||
166 | George Washington Pingley | 44 | 43 | 1 | White | |||||
167 | November 29, 1938 | Louis Carrol | 23 | 23 | 0 | Black | Mississippi | Hanging | [108] | |
168 | November 30, 1938 | George Gilbert | 28 | 27 | 1 | Georgia | Electrocution | [1] | ||
169 | Fred Mosley | 47 | 46 | White | Ohio | [109] | ||||
170 | December 2, 1938 | Robert Lee Cannon | 30 | 29 | California | Gas chamber | [110] | |||
171 | Albert Kessel | 29 | 28 | |||||||
172 | John Howie | Black | North Carolina | [1] | ||||||
173 | December 7, 1938 | Anna Marie Hahn | 32 | 31 | Female | White | Ohio | Electrocution | [111] | |
174 | December 9, 1938 | Fred Barnes | 40 | 39 | Male | California | Gas chamber | [112] | ||
175 | Wesley Eudy | 34 | 33 | |||||||
176 | Raymond Carter | 25 | 25 | 0 | Black | Georgia | Electrocution | [113] | ||
177 | Arthur Mack | 26 | 24 | 2 | ||||||
178 | Arthur Perry | 25 | 23 | |||||||
179 | Charlie Rucker | 18 | 18 | 0 | ||||||
180 | Willie Drew Russell | 31 | 31 | |||||||
181 | John Henry Williams | 21 | 21 | |||||||
182 | Theodore Blanchard | 24 | 24 | Mississippi | Hanging | [114] | ||||
183 | William Baxter Parnell | 33 | 33 | White | North Carolina | Gas chamber | [115] | |||
184 | George Gates | 21 | Unknown | Unknown | Black | South Carolina | Electrocution | [1] | ||
185 | December 16, 1938 | Ed Davis | 37 | 36 | 1 | White | California | Gas chamber | [116] | |
186 | Morris Norman | 20 | 20 | 0 | Black | Texas | Electrocution | [117] | ||
187 | December 21, 1938 | Stephen Figuli | 21 | 1 | White | Ohio | [118] | |||
188 | December 30, 1938 | Adolph Smith | 23 | 23 | 0 | Black | Alabama | [119] |
Gender | ||
---|---|---|
Male | 186 | 99% |
Female | 2 | 1% |
Ethnicity | ||
White | 94 | 50% |
Black | 89 | 47% |
Hispanic | 3 | 2% |
Asian | 1 | 1% |
Native American | 1 | 1% |
State | ||
North Carolina | 18 | 10% |
Texas | 18 | 10% |
Georgia | 15 | 8% |
Ohio | 12 | 6% |
Pennsylvania | 12 | 6% |
California | 11 | 6% |
Alabama | 9 | 5% |
Indiana | 8 | 4% |
Missouri | 8 | 4% |
Arkansas | 7 | 4% |
New Jersey | 7 | 4% |
New York | 7 | 4% |
Federal government | 5 | 3% |
Virginia | 5 | 3% |
Illinois | 4 | 2% |
Iowa | 4 | 2% |
Kentucky | 4 | 2% |
Louisiana | 4 | 2% |
Mississippi | 4 | 2% |
South Carolina | 4 | 2% |
Washington | 4 | 2% |
West Virginia | 4 | 2% |
Massachusetts | 3 | 2% |
Florida | 2 | 1% |
Maryland | 2 | 1% |
Tennessee | 2 | 1% |
Arizona | 1 | 1% |
Connecticut | 1 | 1% |
District of Columbia | 1 | 1% |
Montana | 1 | 1% |
Utah | 1 | 1% |
Method | ||
Electrocution | 123 | 65% |
Hanging | 33 | 18% |
Gas chamber | 32 | 17% |
Firing squad | 1 | 1% |
Month | ||
January | 21 | 11% |
February | 12 | 6% |
March | 20 | 11% |
April | 17 | 9% |
May | 14 | 7% |
June | 17 | 9% |
July | 17 | 9% |
August | 15 | 8% |
September | 8 | 4% |
October | 13 | 7% |
November | 15 | 8% |
December | 19 | 10% |
Age | ||
Unknown | 4 | 2% |
10–19 | 10 | 5% |
20–29 | 96 | 51% |
30–39 | 51 | 27% |
40–49 | 23 | 12% |
50–59 | 3 | 2% |
60–69 | 0 | 0% |
70–79 | 1 | 1% |
Total | 188 | 100% |
Number of executions | |
---|---|
1939 | 162 |
1938 | 188 |
1937 | 151 |
Total | 501 |
Preceded by 1937 | List of people executed in the United States in 1938 | Succeeded by 1939 |