List of tallest buildings in Russia

Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg is the tallest building in Russia

The first skyscrapers in Russia were built during the Stalinist Era in the Soviet Union. These skyscrapers are known as the Seven Sisters, which were built in the Stalinist architectural style. The first skyscraper to be constructed in Russia was the Kotelnicheskaya Embankment Building. Skyscrapers in Russia are among the tallest in Europe and the Eastern Hemisphere, the vast majority of them are located in the MIBC, in the nation's capital of Moscow, which is home to 7 out of the 10 tallest skyscrapers in Europe.

As of 2022, the Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg is the tallest skyscraper in Russia and Europe, with a height of 462 metres (1,516 ft). It is followed by four skyscrapers in the MIBC, Federation Tower Vostok (or "East"), OKO, Neva Tower 2, and Mercury City Tower, the tallest buildings in both Russia and Europe.

Russia is currently going through a skyscraper construction boom; with multiple skyscrapers under construction and planned. It is the first European nation with over roughly 300 skyscrapers completed over 100 metres. ^[1]

The list does not include Ostankino Tower (540 m), the tallest free-standing structure in Russia and Europe. For this kind of buildings, see List of tallest structures built in the Soviet Union.

Tallest buildings

This list ranks all topped out buildings in Russia that stand at least 150 metres (490 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes all architectural details as well as antenna spires.

An asterisk (*) indicates that a building has been topped out, but not completed.

  : Was Europe's tallest building upon completion

  Indicates was the tallest buildings that have been architecturally topped out but completed

Rank	Name	Image	Height m (ft)	Floors	Year	Notes	Location	Ref
N/A	Ostankino Tower		540.1 (1,772)	120 equiv.	1967	Tallest free-standing structure in Europe. 12th tallest in the world. Between 1967 and 1974, it was the tallest in the world. The tower was the first free-standing structure to exceed 500 m (1,600 ft) in height.	Moscow
1	Lakhta Center		462 (1,516)	87	2019	Reached in 2017, topped-out in 2018, completed in 2019. Lakhta Center overtook Vostok (East Tower) of the Federation Towers as the tallest building in Russia, as well as the tallest building in Europe.	Saint Petersburg 59°59′13.7″N30°10′37.3″E / 59.987139°N 30.177028°E / 59.987139; 30.177028	[2] [3] [4]
2	Federation, East Tower		373.7 (1,226)	97	2016	Also known as Vostok (Russian for 'East'); 2nd-tallest building in Russia and Europe, 53rd-tallest building in the world; tallest building in Europe from 2016 until 2017; surpassed by the Lakhta Center in St. Petersburg. [5] [6] [7]	Moscow 55°44′59.17″N37°32′13.70″E / 55.7497694°N 37.5371389°E / 55.7497694; 37.5371389
3	OKO, South Tower		354.2 (1,162)	85	2015	3rd-tallest building in Russia and Europe; the tallest building in Europe from 2014 to 2016, surpassed by the neighboring Federation Tower. [8] [9] [10]	Moscow 55°44′58.48″N37°32′3.69″E / 55.7495778°N 37.5343583°E / 55.7495778; 37.5343583
4	Neva Tower 2		345 (1,132)	79	2019	Tallest residential building in Europe. 4th-tallest building in Russia and Europe.	Moscow 55°45′05″N37°32′04″E / 55.75139°N 37.53444°E / 55.75139; 37.53444	[11] [12] [13]
5	Mercury City Tower		338.8 (1,112)	75	2013	5th-tallest building in Russia and Europe; the tallest building in Europe from 2013 to 2014, surpassed by OKO, South Tower.	Moscow 55°45′2″N37°32′22.6″E / 55.75056°N 37.539611°E / 55.75056; 37.539611	[14] [15] [16]
6	Eurasia		308.9 (1,013)	67	2015	Also known as Steel Peak.	Moscow 55°44′56″N37°32′07″E / 55.74889°N 37.53528°E / 55.74889; 37.53528	[17] [18] [19]
7	Neva Tower 1		302 (991)	79	2020		Moscow 55°45′05″N37°32′04″E / 55.75139°N 37.53444°E / 55.75139; 37.53444	[20] [21] [22]
8	City of Capitals, Moscow Tower		301.8 (990)	76	2010	Tallest building in Europe from 2010 to 2011; surpassed by The Shard in London, United Kingdom.	Moscow 55°44′50″N37°32′20″E / 55.74722°N 37.53889°E / 55.74722; 37.53889	[23]
9	Capital Towers, Park Tower		295 (968)	70	2022		Moscow
9	Capital Towers, City Tower		295 (968)	67	2022		Moscow
9	Capital Towers, River Tower		295 (968)	67	2022		Moscow	[24]
12*	National Space Center Tower		288 (945)	47	2024		Moscow	[25] [26]
13	Moscow Towers		283.4 (930)	62	2022	Formerly known as Grand Tower. [27]	Moscow
14	Naberezhnaya Tower C		268.4 (881)	61	2007	Tallest building in Europe from 2007 to 2010; surpassed by the City of Capitals.	Moscow 55°44′48″N37°32′13″E / 55.74667°N 37.53694°E / 55.74667; 37.53694
15	Triumph Palace		264.1 (866)	57	2005	Tallest building in Europe from 2005 to 2007; surpassed by Naberezhnaya Tower.	Moscow 55°47′54″N37°31′15″E / 55.79833°N 37.52083°E / 55.79833; 37.52083
16	City of Capitals, Saint Petersburg Tower		256.9 (843)	65	2010		Moscow
17	iCity, Space Tower		256 (840)	61	2023		Moscow
18	Evolution Tower		245.9 (807)	55	2015		Moscow
19	Federation, West Tower		242.2 (795)	62	2007		Moscow
20	Moscow State University		240 (787)	36	1953		Moscow
21	Imperia Tower	framless	238.6 (783)	59	2011		Moscow
21	OKO, North Tower		245 (804)	49	2014		Moscow
23	House on Mosfilmovskaya, Tower 1		213.3 (700)	54	2011		Moscow
24	Iset Tower		212.8 (698)	52	2016		Yekaterinburg	[28]
25	Hotel Ukraina		206 (676)	34	1955		Moscow
26*	MOD Dreiser Tower		200 (656)	55	2023		Moscow	[29]
26*	MOD Mann Tower		200 (656)	55	2023		Moscow	[30]
26*	Upside Towers Elbrus Tower		200 (656)	57	2024		Moscow	[31] [32]
29	Will Towers, Tower 3		199 (653)	56	2023		Moscow	[33]
30	Fili City, Famous Tower		198.1 (650)	57	2022		Moscow	[34]
31	Wellton Towers 2		195.2 (640)	58	2020		Moscow	[35]
32	Tricolor, Tower A		194 (636)	58	2013		Moscow	[36]
33	Sberbank City, Tower A		193 (633)	47	2015		Moscow	[37]
34	Continental		191 (627)	48	2011		Moscow	[38]
34	D1, Kingchess Tower		191 (627)	59	2020		Moscow	[39]
34	D1, Excelsior Tower		191 (627)	59	2020		Moscow
37	Tricolor, Tower B		190 (623)	56	2013		Moscow	[36]
37	Symphony 34, Graphite Tower		191 (627)	54	2024		Moscow
37	Vysotsky		188.3 (618)	53	2011		Yekaterinburg
37	Sparrow Hills, Tower 2		188.2 (617)	49	2004		Moscow	[40]
41*	Level Michurinsky, Tower 1		185.9 (610)	54	2025		Moscow	[41]
42	Will Towers, Tower 1		184.8 (606)	52	2024		Moscow	[33]
42	Will Towers, Tower 2		184.8 (606)	52	2024		Moscow	[33]
44	AFI Tower		182.4 (598)	53	2024		Moscow
45*	River Park Kutuzovsky, Tower 1 (Topaz)		179.9 (590)	46	2026		Moscow	[42]
45*	River Park Kutuzovsky, Tower 2 (Emerald)		179.9 (590)	46	2026		Moscow	[42]
45*	River Park Kutuzovsky, Tower 5 (Amber)		179.9 (590)	46	2026		Moscow	[42]
48	City Bay, Indian Ocean Tower 1		179 (587)	52	2024		Moscow	[43]
48	City Bay, Indian Ocean Tower 6		179 (587)	52	2024		Moscow	[43]
48*	City Bay, Atlantic Ocean Tower 1		179 (587)	53	2025		Moscow	[43]
48*	City Bay, Atlantic Ocean Tower 2		179 (587)	53	2025		Moscow	[43]
48*	City Bay, Atlantic Ocean Tower 3		179 (587)	53	2025		Moscow	[43]
53*	Sobytye-4, Tower 1		178.4 (585)	51	2025		Moscow	[44]
53*	Sobytye-4, Tower 2		178.4 (585)	51	2025		Moscow	[44]
55*	Wave, Tower Azure		178 (584)	52	2026		Moscow	[45]
56	IQ-quarter, Tower 2		177.5 (582)	42	2016		Moscow	[46]
57	Wellton Towers, Tower 1		177.2 (581)	53	2022		Moscow
58	Sparrow Hills, Tower 1		176.5 (579)	42	2004		Moscow	[47]
59	Kotelnicheskaya Embankment Building		176 (577)	32	1952	The first skyscraper to be constructed in Russia.	Moscow	[48]
59	Edelweiss		176 (577)	43	2003		Moscow	[49]
59	Nebo, Tower 1		176 (577)	53	2020		Moscow
59	Nebo, Tower 2		176 (577)	53	2020		Moscow
59	Nebo, Tower 3		176 (577)	53	2020		Moscow
59	Rezhisser, Tower 1		176 (577)	49	2024		Moscow
65	Scarlet Sails, Block IV		175.6 (576)	48	2003		Moscow	[50]
66*	Level Nizhegorodskaya, Tower 1		175 (574)	47	2026		Moscow
67	Headliner, Tower 1		174.9 (574)	53	2025		Moscow	[51]
67	Headliner, Tower 2		174.9 (574)	53	2019		Moscow	[51]
67	Headliner, Tower 3		174.9 (574)	53	2019		Moscow	[51]
70	Symphony 34, Crystal Tower		173.8 (570)	49	2024		Moscow	[52]
71	Sparrow Hills, Tower 3		172.2 (565)	42	2004		Moscow	[53]
72	Ministry of Foreign Affairs		172 (564)	27	1953		Moscow	[54]
73	Nordstar Tower		171.5 (563)	42	2009		Moscow	[55]
74	Architektor, Tower 1		169.2 (555)	47	2024		Moscow
74	Architektor, Tower 2		169.2 (555)	47	2024		Moscow
76	Architektor, Tower 3		168.7 (553)	46	2024		Moscow
77	Alcon Tower		168 (551)	36	2023		Moscow	[56]
78	Sberbank City, Tower B		167.6 (550)	41	2015		Moscow	[57]
79	Crystal		167.5 (550)	47	2023		Moscow	[58]
80	Swissôtel Krasnye Holmy		165 (541)	34	2005		Moscow	[59]
80	Oruzheyniy		165 (541)	27	2014		Moscow
80	Zagorye		165 (541)	48	2013		Moscow	[60]
83	Paveletskaya City, Marlon Tower		165 (541)	46	2023		Moscow	[61]
83	Paveletskaya City, Frank Tower		165 (541)	46	2023		Moscow	[61]
85*	MOD, Tower 5		164.6 (540)	44	2024		Moscow	[62]
86	WellHouse na Leninskom		162 (531)	47	2010		Moscow	[63]
87	Seliger City, Van Gogh Tower		160 (525)	43	2023		Moscow
87	Sydney City, Tower 2.2		160 (525)	46	2024		Moscow
87	Headliner, Tower 4		158.5 (520) appr.	48	2025		Moscow	[51]
90	Wellton Towers, Tower 3		157.2 (516)	48	2022		Moscow
91	Serdtse Stolicy, Tower 1		156.6 (514)	44	2023		Moscow
92	Level Michurinsky, Tower 4		156.5 (513)	45	2024		Moscow	[41]
93	Kudrinskaya Square Building		156 (512)	22	1954		Moscow	[64]
93	Presnya City, Tower 1		156 (512)	44	2018		Moscow
93	Presnya City, Tower 2		156 (512)	44	2018		Moscow
93	Presnya City, Tower 3		156 (512)	44	2018		Moscow
97	Savyolovskiy City, Tower 1		155.6 (510)	47	2017		Moscow
97	Savyolovskiy City, Tower 2		155.6 (510)}	47	2017		Moscow
97	Savyolovskiy City, Tower 3		155.6 (510)	47	2017		Moscow
97*	Akvamarin		155.5 (510)	44	2021		Vladivostok
101	Avenue 77 A		155 (509)	45	2008		Moscow	[65]
101	Avenue 77 B		155 (509)	45	2008		Moscow	[66]
101	Avenue 77 C		155 (509)	45	2008		Moscow	[67]
101	Sydney City, Tower 3		155 (509)	44	2023		Moscow
101*	Sydney City, Tower 5.2		155 (509)	44	2025		Moscow
106	Dirigible		153 (502)	40	2012		Moscow	[68]
107	Hide, River Side Tower		151.7 (498)	41	2024		Moscow
107	Hide, Park Lane Tower		151.7 (498)	41	2024		Moscow
107	Hide, West Dale Tower		151.7 (498)	41	2024		Moscow
110	Symphony 34, Silver Tower		151.6 (497)	43	2024		Moscow	[69]
111	Gazprom Tower		151 (495)	35	1994		Moscow
112	Sverdlovsk		150.9 (495)	37	2015		Yekaterinburg
113*	Wave, Tower Indigo		150.6 (494) appr.	44	2026		Moscow	[45]
114	Zilart, Tower 9		150 (492)	40	2023		Moscow 55°41′56.36″N37°38′26.73″E / 55.6989889°N 37.6407583°E / 55.6989889; 37.6407583
114	iCity, Time Tower		150 (492)	34	2024		Moscow

Tallest buildings proposed, approved, or under construction

Under Construction

Rank	Name	Image	Location	Height m (ft)	Stories	Construction Begins	Planned Construction End	Notes	Reference
1	Lakhta Center II		Saint Petersburg	703 metres (2,306 ft)	150	2023	2030
2	Akhmat Tower		Grozny	435 metres (1,427 ft)	102	2016		On Hold	[70]
3	One Tower		Moscow	405 metres (1,329 ft)	108	2019	2025	On Hold	[70]
4	Dau House		Moscow	340 metres (1,120 ft)	87	2024	2028
5	5 Towers Phase 1		Moscow	274 metres (899 ft)	69	2018	2028
6	Sezar Tower		Moscow	228 metres (748 ft)	54	2025	2028
7	Level South Port		Moscow	225 metres (738 ft)	69	2022	2026
8	MFK Crocus City		Krasnogorsk	217 metres (712 ft)	51	2014		On Hold	[70]
9	OPERA Tower		Yekaterinburg	158 metres (518 ft)	42	2013		On Hold	[70]

Proposed

Rank	Name	Image	Location	Height m (ft)	Stories	Year	Notes	Reference
1	Lakhta Center III		Saint Petersburg	555 metres (1,821 ft)	107	2030
2	Neskuchny Home & Spa Tower 4		Moscow	400 metres (1,300 ft)	100	-
3	Wildberries & Russ Headquarters		Moscow	400 metres (1,300 ft)	75	2030
4	2nd Krasnogvardeisky Road 6		Moscow	393 metres (1,289 ft)	100	-
5	Neskuchny Home & Spa Tower 3		Moscow	380 metres (1,250 ft)	90	-
6	2nd Krasnogvardeisky Road 8		Moscow	339 metres (1,112 ft)	85	-
7	Neskuchny Home & Spa Tower 2		Moscow	286 metres (938 ft)	75	-

Timeline of tallest buildings

This is a list of the history of the tallest buildings in Russia; it includes buildings that once held the title of tallest building in Russia.

Name	Image	Location	Years as tallest	Height meters (ft)	Stories	Reference
Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral		Saint Petersburg	1733–1952	122.5	-
Kotelnicheskaya Embankment Building		Moscow	1952–1953	02.0176 metres (577 ft)	32
Main Building of Moscow State University		Moscow	1953–2006	02.0240 metres (790 ft)	36
Triumph Palace		Moscow	2006–2007	02.0264.1 metres (866 ft)	57
Naberezhnaya Tower		Moscow	2007–2009	02.0268.4 metres (881 ft)	61
City of Capitals (Moscow Tower)		Moscow	2009–2012	01.0301.6 metres (990 ft)306.6 metres (1,006 ft)	76
Mercury City Tower		Moscow	2012–2015	01.0354.1 metres (1,162 ft)354.1 metres (1,162 ft)354.1 metres (1,162 ft)338.8 metres (1,112 ft)	75
OKO (South Tower)		Moscow	2015–2016	01.0354.1 metres (1,162 ft)	85
Federation Tower		Moscow	2016–2018	374 metres (1,227 ft)	97
Lakhta Center		Saint Petersburg	2018–present	462 metres (1,516 ft)	87

See also

• List of tallest Orthodox churches
• List of tallest buildings in Europe
• List of tallest buildings in Moscow
• Ostankino Tower

References

1. "Russia Buildings". The Skyscraper Center . Retrieved November 4, 2020.
2. "European altitude record broken". lakhta.center. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
3. "Russian skyscraper 'becomes Europe's tallest building'". euronews. 2017-10-06. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
4. Лахта Центр (2018-01-29), Lakhta Center reached the design height, archived from the original on 2021-12-15, retrieved 2018-06-17
5. "Tallest Buildings In Europe". WorldAtlas. Retrieved 2017-05-22.
6. "Federation Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
7. "Federation Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
8. "OKO Towers". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
9. "OKO - Residential Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
10. "OKO Apartment Tower, Moscow | 1193732 | EMPORIS". Emporis . Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
11. "NEVA TOWERS 2 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
12. "Neva Tower 1, Moscow | 1219115 | EMPORIS". Emporis . Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
13. "Renaissance Moscow Towers [1], Moscow - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
14. "Mercury City Tower, Moscow - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
15. "Mercury City Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
16. "Mercury City, Moscow | 291262 | EMPORIS". Emporis . Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
17. "Eurasia Tower, Moscow | 204748 | EMPORIS". Emporis . Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
18. "Steel Peak, Moscow - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
19. "Eurasia Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
20. "NEVA TOWERS 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
21. "Neva Tower 1, Moscow - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
22. "Neva Tower 2, Moscow | 1219116 | EMPORIS". Emporis . Archived from the original on May 26, 2021. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
23. "Capital City Moscow Tower". skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
24. "Capital Tower 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
25. "Национальный космический центр". stroi.mos.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-05-28.
26. "National Space Center". skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
27. "Moscow Towers". skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
28. Schematic of Iset Tower
29. "ЖК "MOD" от MR Group - цены и планировки Мод". mskguru.ru. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
30. "ЖК "MOD" от MR Group - цены и планировки Мод". mskguru.ru. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
31. "UPSIDE | В основание первой очереди Upside Towers залит первый куб бетона". upside.ru. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
32. "Upside Towers".
33. "Will Towers" . Retrieved 2024-11-30.
34. "Famous" . Retrieved 2024-11-30.
35. "Документы". www.wellton-towers.ru.
36. "Tricolor 1, Moscow – 1191639". Emporis. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
37. "Mirax Plaza – Tower A". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
38. "Continental". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
39. "Жилой комплекс бизнес-класса "D1": официальный сайт ЖК "Дмитровский 1" от застройщика "MR Group"". d1-dom.ru.
40. "Vorobiovy Gory II". Emporis. Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
41. "Level Michurinsky" . Retrieved 2024-11-30.
42. "River Park Kutuzovsky" . Retrieved 2024-11-30.
43. "City Bay" . Retrieved 2024-11-30.
44. "Sobytye-4" . Retrieved 2024-11-30.
45. "Wave" . Retrieved 2024-12-01.
46. "IQ-Quarter Tower 2". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
47. "Vorobiovy Gory I". Emporis. Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
48. "Building on Kotelnicheskaya Embankment". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
49. "Edelweiss". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
50. "Scarlet Sails Block IV". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
51. "Этапы строительства жилого комплекса «Headliner»: фото проведенных работ в ЖК «Хедлайнер»". head-liner.ru. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
52. "Symphony 34, Tower Crystal". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
53. "Vorobiovy Gory III". Emporis. Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
54. "Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
55. "Nordstar Tower". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
56. "В Москве возводят небоскреб в стиле ар-деко: каким будет Alcon Tower". РБК Недвижимость (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-05-23.
57. "Mirax Plaza Tower B". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
58. "Новый дом - ЖК «Crystal (Кристал)»". novidom.site. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
59. "Swissotel Krasnye Holmy". Emporis. Archived from the original on May 22, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
60. "Zagorye". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
61. "ЖК «Павелецкая сити» (Дубининская, 59-69) - официальный сайт". Павелецкая Сити. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
62. "ЖК "MOD" от MR Group - цены и планировки Мод". mskguru.ru. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
63. "WellHouse na Leninskom". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
64. "Kudrinskaya Square". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
65. "Avenue 77A". Emporis. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
66. "Avenue 77B". Emporis. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
67. "Avenue 77C". Emporis. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
68. "Bastion". Emporis. Archived from the original on May 21, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
69. "Symphony 34, Tower Silver". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
70. "Russia—The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2017-05-22.

External links

• The Skyscraper Center, Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)
• Moscow Tower ^{[ usurped ]}
• Naberezhnaya Tower C ^{[ usurped ]}
• Triumph-Palace ^{[ usurped ]}
• Capital City St. Petersburg Tower ^{[ usurped ]}
• Zapad/Federation Tower West ^{[ usurped ]}