This list of the tallest buildings in North America ranks skyscrapers in order by height. The United States is considered the birthplace of the skyscraper, with the world's first skyscraper built in Chicago in 1885. Since then, the United States has been home to some of the world's tallest skyscrapers, with the tallest in New York City and Chicago. Eleven buildings in North America have held the title of tallest building in the world, with 9 in New York City. [1] Canada and Mexico have also seen areas of skyscraper building, especially in Toronto, Calgary, Mexico City and Monterrey. Additionally, Panama City has emerged as a hotbed of skyscraper building activity and currently lists a total of 49 buildings over 150 meters in height.
This list ranks completed and topped-out buildings in North America that stand at least 235 meters (771 ft.) tall, based on standard height measurement which includes spires and architectural details. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed. This list includes Central America. No countries in the Caribbean have buildings taller than 200 meters.
Of the 120 buildings in this list, 38 (33%) are in New York City. A further 15 are in Chicago, while Canada has the largest number of buildings outside of the United States at 10 (7 being in Toronto). American cities contain the majority of buildings on the list, having 92 buildings over 235 meters in height.
Rank | Name | Image | City | Country | Height m (ft) | Floors | Year | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | One World Trade Center | New York City | United States | 541 (1,776) | 104 | 2014 | Completed on November 3, 2014, to become the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere. Briefly referred to as the Freedom Tower during its planning stages. The 7th-tallest building in the world. [2] [3] [4] [5] | ||
2 | Central Park Tower | New York City | United States | 472 (1,550) | 98 | 2020 | At 1,550 feet, the tower is the tallest residential building in the world both by roof height and architectural height. Construction was delayed in 2015 and resumed in 2017. [6] Topped out in September 2019. It is the tallest building outside Asia by roof height. | ||
3 | Willis Tower † | Chicago | United States | 442.1 (1,451) | 110 | 1974 | Formerly known, and still commonly referred to, as the Sears Tower. It was the tallest building in the world from 1974 until 1998. It is the third-tallest building in the Western Hemisphere and the 26th-tallest building in the world. [7] [8] | ||
4 | 111 West 57th Street | New York City | United States | 435 (1,428) | 84 | 2021 | Also known as Steinway Tower. Is the world's most slender skyscraper. [9] Topped out in September 2019. | ||
5 | One Vanderbilt | New York City | United States | 427 (1,401) | 92 | 2020 | Topped out in September 2019. [10] | ||
6 | 432 Park Avenue | New York City | United States | 426 (1,396) | 86 [11] | 2015 | Topped out in October 2014. [12] 432 Park Avenue is the 31st-tallest building in the world and the world's tallest residential building. [13] [14] Tallest building in the world known only by its street address. [15] | ||
7= | Trump International Hotel and Tower | Chicago | United States | 423 (1,389) | 98 | 2009 | 33rd-tallest building in the world | ||
7= | 270 Park Avenue | New York City | United States | 423 (1,389) | 65 | 2025 | Topped out on February 22, 2024 | ||
8 | 30 Hudson Yards | New York City | United States | 395 (1,296) [16] | 103 | 2019 | 47th-tallest building in the world | ||
9 | Empire State Building † | New York City | United States | 381 (1,250) | 102 | 1931 | 54th-tallest building in the world; tallest building in the world from 1931 until 1972; tallest man-made structure in the world 1931–1967; first building in the world to contain over 100 floors; tallest building built in the U.S. and the world in the 1930s. [17] [18] | ||
10 | Bank of America Tower | New York City | United States | 366 (1,200) | 55 | 2009 | |||
11 | St. Regis Chicago | Chicago | United States | 365 (1,198) | 101 | 2020 | The tallest structure in the world designed by a woman. | ||
12 | Aon Center | Chicago | United States | 346 (1,136) | 83 | 1973 | Formerly known as the Standard Oil Building. [19] [20] | ||
13 | 875 North Michigan Avenue | Chicago | United States | 344 (1,127) | 100 | 1969 | For almost 50 years, known as the John Hancock Center: it is the first trussed-tube building in the world; contains some of the highest residential units in the world; tallest building built in the world in the 1960s, and the highest pinnacle height in the world at the time. [21] [22] | ||
14 | Comcast Technology Center | Philadelphia | United States | 342 (1,121) | 60 | 2018 | Tallest Building in Philadelphia and Pennsylvania. Tallest building outside New York City and Chicago. Topped out on November 27, 2017. [23] [24] [25] | ||
15 | Wilshire Grand Center | Los Angeles | United States | 335 (1,099) | 73 | 2017 | Tallest building in Los Angeles and California and tallest building west of the Mississippi River. Topped out on September 3, 2016. [26] | ||
16 | 3 World Trade Center | New York City | United States | 329 (1,079) | 80 | 2018 | Topped out on June 23, 2016. [27] [28] | ||
17 | The Brooklyn Tower | New York City | United States | 327 (1,073) | 91 | 2023 | Topped out in October 2021 | ||
18 | Salesforce Tower | San Francisco | United States | 326 (1,070) | 61 | 2018 | Topped out on April 6, 2017. Tallest building in San Francisco and tallest building in rooftop height west of Chicago. Second-tallest building west of the Mississippi. [29] | ||
19 | 53W53 | New York City | United States | 320 (1,050) | 77 | 2018 | Construction began in 2014. [30] | ||
20 | Chrysler Building † | New York City | United States | 319 (1,046) | 77 | 1930 | Tallest man-made structure in the world from 1930 until 1931; First building to be more than 1,000 feet tall; tallest brick building in the world. [31] [32] | ||
21 | The New York Times Building | New York City | United States | 319 (1,046) | 52 | 2007 | Also known as the Times Tower. The first high-rise building in the United States to have a ceramic sunscreen curtain wall. [33] [34] [35] | ||
22 | The Spiral | New York City | United States | 314 (1,031) | 66 | 2022 | |||
23 | Bank of America Plaza | Atlanta | United States | 311 (1,023) | 55 | 1992 | Tallest building in Atlanta and the Southern United States; tallest building located in a state capital. [36] [37] | ||
24 | U.S. Bank Tower | Los Angeles | United States | 310 (1,018) | 73 | 1989 | Second-tallest building in Los Angeles as well as third-tallest building in California. Tallest building west of the Mississippi River from 1989 to 2017. It was previously the tallest building in the world with a helipad on the roof. [38] [39] It is now third on that list behind China World Trade Center Tower III, and Guangzhou International Finance Center. | ||
25 | Franklin Center | Chicago | United States | 307 (1,007) | 60 | 1989 | Originally known as the AT&T Corporate Center at its inauguration in 1989, the name was changed after Tishman Speyer acquired the building and the adjacent USG complex in 2004. [40] [41] | ||
26 | One57 | New York City | United States | 306 (1,005) | 75 | 2014 | Tallest mixed-use (residential and hotel) skyscraper in New York City [42] [43] | ||
27 | T.Op 1 | Monterrey | Mexico | 305.3 (1,002) | 64 | 2020 | Tallest building in North America outside of the United States. Tallest skyscraper in Monterrey, Mexico, and Latin America. [44] | ||
28= | JPMorgan Chase Tower | Houston | United States | 305 (1,002) | 75 | 1982 | Tallest building in Houston and Texas; tallest 5-sided building in the world [45] [46] Tallest building west of the Mississippi River until 1989. | ||
28= | 35 Hudson Yards | New York City | United States | 305 (1,000) | 72 | 2019 | [47] | ||
29 | Two Prudential Plaza | Chicago | United States | 303 (995) | 64 | 1990 | [48] [49] | ||
30 | One Manhattan West | New York City | United States | 303 (995) | 67 | 2019 | [50] | ||
31 | Wells Fargo Plaza | Houston | United States | 302 (992) | 71 | 1983 | [51] [52] | ||
32= | 50 Hudson Yards | New York City | United States | 299 (981) | 58 | 2022 | |||
32= | First Canadian Place | Toronto | Canada | 299 (356 with antenna) (981) 1,168 with antenna | 72 | 1975 | Tallest building in Toronto and tallest building in Canada. [53] | ||
33 | 4 World Trade Center | New York City | United States | 298 (977) | 72 | 2013 | Also known as 150 Greenwich Street [54] | ||
34 | Comcast Center | Philadelphia | United States | 297 (975) | 58 | 2007 | Second-tallest building in Philadelphia; second-tallest building in Pennsylvania [55] [56] | ||
35 | One Chicago East Tower | Chicago | United States | 296 (973) | 78 | 2022 | |||
36= | JW Marriott Panama | Panama City | Panama | 293 (961) | 68 | 2011 | Tallest building in Panama and Central America. | ||
36= | 311 South Wacker Drive | Chicago | United States | 293 (961) | 65 | 1990 | Tallest reinforced concrete building in the United States. [57] [58] | ||
37= | 70 Pine Street | New York City | United States | 290 (952) | 66 | 1932 | Currently being converted into a residential skyscraper with 644 rental residences and 132 hotel rooms [59] [60] [61] | ||
37= | 220 Central Park South * | New York City | United States | 290 (950) | 66 | 2017 | [62] | ||
39 | Key Tower | Cleveland | United States | 289 (947) | 57 | 1991 | Tallest building in Cleveland and Ohio; tallest building in the Midwestern United States outside of Chicago; tallest building in the United States between New York City and Chicago until the 2007 completion of Comcast Center [63] [64] | ||
40 | One Liberty Place | Philadelphia | United States | 288 (945) | 61 | 1987 | First building in Philadelphia constructed taller than Philadelphia City Hall, completed 86 years earlier. [65] [66] | ||
41 | Two Manhattan West | New York City | United States | 285 (939) | 58 | 2023 | |||
42 | Columbia Center | Seattle | United States | 284 (937) | 76 | 1985 | Tallest building in Seattle and Washington; fourth-tallest building on the West Coast. Tallest building west of the Mississippi River in terms of number of floors. Tallest observation deck on the West Coast and west of the Mississippi. [67] [68] | ||
43 | 40 Wall Street † | New York City | United States | 283 (927) | 70 | 1930 | Tallest building in the world for two months in 1930 until the completion of the Chrysler Building; also known as the Trump Building. [69] [70] | ||
44 | Four Seasons Hotel New York Downtown | New York City | United States | 282 (926) | 82 | 2016 | Topped out on March 31, 2015. [71] [72] | ||
45 | Vitri Tower | Panama City | Panama | 281 (922) | 75 | 2012 | |||
46 | Bank of America Plaza | Dallas | United States | 281 (921) | 72 | 1985 | Tallest building in Dallas [73] [74] | ||
47 | Torre KOI | San Pedro Garza Garcia | Mexico | 280 (917) | 64 | 2017 | Second-tallest building in Mexico | ||
48 | Citigroup Center | New York City | United States | 279 (915) | 59 | 1977 | [75] [76] | ||
49 | 125 Greenwich Street | New York City | United States | 278 (912) | 77 | 2020 | Revised down from earlier projected height. Topped out in March 2019. [77] | ||
49= | 15 Hudson Yards | New York City | United States | 278 (912) | 70 | 2018 | Topped out in February 2018. [78] | ||
50 | The St. Regis Toronto | Toronto | Canada | 277 (908) | 57 | 2012 | |||
51 | Scotia Plaza | Toronto | Canada | 275 (905) | 68 | 1988 | |||
52 | Williams Tower | Houston | United States | 275 (901) | 64 | 1983 | Tallest building in the world located outside of a city's central business district [79] [80] | ||
53 | 99 Hudson Street | Jersey City | United States | 274 (900) | 79 | 2019 | Topped out as tallest building in New Jersey on September 27, 2018 [81] | ||
54 | NEMA Chicago | Chicago | United States | 273 (896) | 76 | 2019 | |||
55 | Aura | Toronto | Canada | 272 (892) | 78 | 2014 | |||
56 | Renaissance Tower | Dallas | United States | 270 (886) | 56 | 1974 | Originally constructed at a height of 710 feet (216 m); rooftop spires were added in 1987, increasing the building's structural height to 886 feet (270 m). [82] [83] | ||
57 | 10 Hudson Yards | New York City | United States | 268 (878) | 52 | 2016 | Topped out in October 2015. [84] [85] | ||
58 | Mitikah | Mexico City | Mexico | 267 (876) | 62 | 2021 | Tallest building in Mexico City. | ||
59 | The Point | Panama City | Panama | 266 (873) | 65 | 2011 | |||
60 | Bank of America Corporate Center | Charlotte | United States | 265 (871) | 60 | 1992 | Tallest building in Charlotte [86] [87] and the Carolinas; Tallest building in the Southern United States outside of Atlanta or Texas. | ||
61 | 8 Spruce Street | New York City | United States | 265 (870) | 76 | 2011 | Also known as Beekman Tower and New York by Gehry. [88] [89] | ||
62 | 900 North Michigan | Chicago | United States | 265 (869) | 66 | 1989 | [90] [91] | ||
63= | Panorama Tower | Miami | United States | 265 (868) | 82 | 2017 | Tallest building in Miami and the state of Florida. [92] | ||
63= | Chase Tower | Chicago | United States | 265 (868) | 60 | 1969 | [93] [94] | ||
64 | Truist Plaza | Atlanta | United States | 264 (867) | 60 | 1992 | [95] [96] | ||
65= | Trump World Tower | New York City | United States | 262 (861) | 72 | 2001 | Tallest all residential building in the world from 2001 until 2002 [97] [98] | ||
65= | 425 Park Avenue | New York City | United States | 262 (861) | 44 | 2021 | |||
66 | Star Bay Tower | Panama City | Panama | 262 (860) | 65 | 2013 | |||
67= | Water Tower Place | Chicago | United States | 262 (859) | 74 | 1976 | [99] [100] | ||
67= | Aqua | Chicago | United States | 262 (859) | 82 | 2009 | [101] World's tallest building designed by a woman. [102] | ||
68 | Aon Center | Los Angeles | United States | 261 (858) | 62 | 1973 | Tallest building in the United States west of the Mississippi River from 1973 until 1982 [103] [104] | ||
69 | TD Canada Trust Tower | Toronto | Canada | 261 (856) | 53 | 1990 | |||
70= | Transamerica Pyramid | San Francisco | United States | 260 (853) | 48 | 1972 | Second-tallest building in San Francisco; [105] tallest building in the U.S. west of the Mississippi River from 1972 until 1974 [106] [107] | ||
70= | Rainier Square Tower | Seattle | United States | 260 (853) | 58 | 2020 | |||
71 | 30 Rockefeller Plaza | New York City | United States | 259 (850) | 69 | 1933 | [108] [109] | ||
72 | Two Liberty Place | Philadelphia | United States | 258 (848) | 58 | 1990 | [110] [111] | ||
73= | One Manhattan Square * | New York City | United States | 258 (847) | 72 | 2019 | [112] | ||
73= | Sutton 58 | New York City | United States | 258 (847) | 65 | 2022 | |||
74= | One Bloor | Toronto | Canada | 257 (844) | 75 | 2015 | |||
74= | One Bennett Park | Chicago | United States | 257 (844) | 67 | 2019 | [113] [114] | ||
74= | Park Tower | Chicago | United States | 257 (844) | 67 | 2000 | [115] [116] | ||
74= | Devon Energy Center | Oklahoma City | United States | 257 (844) | 52 | 2012 | Tallest building in Oklahoma City; tallest building in Oklahoma; tallest building in the "Plains States" [117] | ||
75 | U.S. Steel Tower | Pittsburgh | United States | 256 (841) | 64 | 1971 | Tallest building in Pittsburgh; largest roof in the world at its height or taller [118] [119] [120] | ||
76= | Tower Financial Centre | Panama City | Panama | 255 (837) | 75 | 2011 | |||
76= | Salesforce Tower | Chicago | United States | 255 (837) | 60 | 2023 | |||
77 | Stantec Tower | Edmonton | Canada | 251 (823) | 66 | 2019 | Tallest building in Edmonton; tallest building in Alberta; tallest building in Canada outside Toronto. | ||
78 | 56 Leonard Street | New York City | United States | 250 (821) | 57 | 2016 | Topped out in July 2015. [121] [122] | ||
79 | One Atlantic Center | Atlanta | United States | 250 (820) | 50 | 1987 | Also known as the IBM Tower. [123] [124] | ||
80= | Aston Martin Residences | Miami | United States | 249 (818) | 66 | 2024 | |||
80= | The Legacy at Millennium Park | Chicago | United States | 249 (818) | 72 | 2009 | |||
81 | CitySpire Center | New York City | United States | 248 (814) | 75 | 1987 | |||
82= | 28 Liberty Street | New York City | United States | 248 (813) | 60 | 1960 | |||
82= | 110 North Wacker | Chicago | United States | 248 (813) | 52 | 2020 | |||
83= | The Orchard | New York City | United States | 247 (811) | 69 | 2024 | Tallest building in the borough of Queens within New York City. [125] | ||
83= | Salesforce Tower | Indianapolis | United States | 247 (811) | 49 | 1990 | Tallest building in Indianapolis; tallest building in the Midwest outside of Chicago and Cleveland [126] | ||
83= | Brookfield Place East | Calgary | Canada | 248 (813) | 56 | 2017 | |||
83= | Arts Tower | Panama City | Panama | 247 (810) | 78 | 2013 | |||
84 | 4 Times Square | New York City | United States | 247 (809) | 48 | 1999 | Also known as 4 Times Square [127] [128] | ||
85 | Torre Reforma | Mexico City | Mexico | 246 (807) | 57 | 2016 | Second-tallest building in Mexico City. | ||
86 | MetLife Building | New York City | United States | 246 (808) | 59 | 1963 | Formerly known as the PanAm Building [129] | ||
87 | Bloomberg Tower | New York City | United States | 246 (806) | 54 | 2005 | |||
88 | Ocean Two | Panama City | Panama | 246 (806) | 73 | 2010 | |||
89= | 181 Fremont | San Francisco | United States | 245 (806) | 54 | 2017 | Second-tallest mixed-use residential building west of the Mississippi River. [130] [131] | ||
89= | 126 Madison Avenue | New York City | United States | 245 (806) | 56 | 2021 | |||
89= | 138 East 50th Street | New York City | United States | 245 (806) | 63 | 2019 | |||
90 | 130 William Street | New York City | United States | 244 (800) | 66 | 2022 | |||
91 | F&F Tower | Panama City | Panama | 243 (797) | 52 | 2011 | |||
92 | Pearl Tower | Panama City | Panama | 242 (794) | 70 | 2012 | |||
93= | Chapultepec Uno | Mexico City | Mexico | 241 (792) | 58 | 2019 | |||
93= | IDS Tower | Minneapolis | United States | 241 (792) | 57 | 1973 | Tallest building in Minneapolis [132] | ||
93= | BNY Mellon Center | Philadelphia | United States | 241 (792) | 54 | 1990 | |||
94 | Woolworth Building † | New York City | United States | 241 (792) | 57 | 1913 | Tallest building in the world from 1913 until 1930; tallest building built in the U.S. and the world in the 1910s [133] [134] | ||
95 | 111 Murray Street | New York City | United States | 241 (792) | 58 | 2018 | [135] | ||
96 | John Hancock Tower | Boston | United States | 241 (790) | 60 | 1976 | Tallest building in Boston and New England [136] [137] | ||
97 | Four Seasons Hotel & Tower | Miami | United States | 240 (789) | 64 | 2003 | Second-tallest building in Miami and Florida [138] [139] | ||
98 | Comerica Bank Tower | Dallas | United States | 240 (787) | 60 | 1987 | Formerly known as Bank One Center and Chase Center. [140] [141] | ||
99 | Duke Energy Center | Charlotte | United States | 240 (786) | 48 (54 in total with mechanical floors) | 2010 | Second-tallest building in Charlotte and North Carolina [142] | ||
100 | 300 North LaSalle | Chicago | United States | 239 (785) | 60 | 2009 | [143] [144] | ||
101 | Commerce Court West | Toronto | Canada | 239 (784) | 57 | 1973 | |||
102= | Goldman Sachs Tower | Jersey City | United States | 238 (781) | 42 | 2004 | Tallest building in Jersey City and New Jersey until the construction of 99 Hudson St [145] [146] | ||
102= | 520 Park Avenue | New York City | United States | 238 (781) | 54 | 2018 | [147] | ||
103 | Bank of America Center | Houston | United States | 238 (780) | 56 | 1983 | [148] [149] | ||
104= | The Bow | Calgary | Canada | 237 (779) | 57 | 2012 | |||
104= | 555 California Street | San Francisco | United States | 237 (779) | 52 | 1969 | Tallest building on the West Coast from 1969 to 1972. Renamed from Bank of America Center in 2005. Tallest building constructed in the city in the 1960s. [150] [151] | ||
105= | One Worldwide Plaza | New York City | United States | 237 (778) | 50 | 1989 | [152] | ||
105= | 50 West Street | New York City | United States | 237 (778) | 63 | 2017 | Topped out in October 2015. [153] [154] [155] | ||
105= | 55 Hudson Yards | New York City | United States | 237 (778) | 51 | 2018 | [156] | ||
136= | Madison Square Park Tower | New York City | United States | 237 (777) | 64 | 2017 | Topped-out | ||
106= | CIBC Square I | Toronto | Canada | 237 (776) | 49 | 2020 | |||
106= | Harbour Plaza Residences East | Toronto | Canada | 237 (776) | 67 | 2017 | |||
106= | Capella Tower | Minneapolis | United States | 237 (776) | 56 | 1992 | Formerly known as First Bank Place and US Bancorp Tower [157] [158] | ||
107 | Wells Fargo Center | Minneapolis | United States | 236 (775) | 57 | 1988 | |||
108 | 1201 Third Avenue | Seattle | United States | 235 (772) | 55 | 1988 | Formerly known as the Washington Mutual Tower [159] [160] | ||
109= | Torre BBVA Bancomer | Mexico City | Mexico | 235 (771) | 50 | 2015 | |||
109= | La Maison by Fendi Casa | Panama City | Panama | 235 (771) | 62 | 2023 | |||
109= | Terminal Tower | Cleveland | United States | 235 (771) | 52 | 1930 | Tallest building in North America outside of New York City until the completion of the Prudential Tower in Boston in 1964. [161] Fourth-tallest building in the world when it was officially dedicated on June 28, 1930. |
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires |journal=
(help){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)