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The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre were the first of their type shown in detail on Western television. The Chinese government's response was denounced across the world; a report by the U.S. State Department said: "Foreign governments have expressed near universal revulsion over the crackdown although a few exceptions have supported China's approaches. Negative reactions range from punitive measures by Western countries to private criticisms in the East." Specifically, it said: "China's credentials as a socialist reformer were being called into question not only by Western European communists but also by progressives in Eastern Europe and, to a lesser extent, the Soviet Union." Notably however, many Asian countries remained silent throughout the protests; the government of India responded to the massacre by ordering the state television to pare down the coverage to the barest minimum, so as not to jeopardize a thawing in relations with China, and to offer political empathy for the events. Criticism came from both Western and Eastern Europe, North America, Australia and some east Asian and Latin American countries. North Korea, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany, among others, supported the Chinese government and denounced the protests. Overseas Chinese students demonstrated in many cities in Europe, America, the Middle East, and Asia against the Chinese government.
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Chen Mingyuan is a Chinese scholar who works in various disciplines such as linguistics, mathematics, informatics, computer sciences, and modern poetry. On April 23, 1989, Chen gave a speech at Peking University, expressing his support for the student movements and criticisms of the government. This speech was considered a trigger for the later escalation of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre.
References
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- ↑ "From China's Prisons To Columbia's Computers". Columbia University. Archived from the original on June 12, 2010. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
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- ↑ Sheryl WuDunn (January 24, 1991). "Democracy Leader on Trial in China". The New York Times . Retrieved July 10, 2016.
- ↑ Sheryl WuDunn (February 7, 1991). "China Tries Another Student for Protests". The New York Times . Retrieved July 10, 2016.
- ↑ Nicholas D. Kristof (September 1, 1992). "Imprisoned China Pro-Democrats Charge Torture". The New York Times . Retrieved July 10, 2016.
- ↑ Nicholas D. Kristof (June 1, 1993). "A Gentler China: A special report.; 4 Years After Tiananmen, The Hard Line is Cracking". The New York Times . Retrieved July 10, 2016.
- ↑ Tyler, Patrick E. (2 March 1994). "Chinese Government Shows Video Of 4 Prisoners Mentioned by U.S." The New York Times . Retrieved July 10, 2016.
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- ↑ Patrick E. Tyler (March 6, 1994). "Chinese Take Journalists on Guided Tour of Prison". The New York Times . Retrieved July 10, 2016.
- ↑ "World News Briefs; China Releases Dissident After 6 Years in Prison". The New York Times . June 19, 1995. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
- ↑ Steven Erlanger (May 4, 1996). "A Top Dissident Flees China And Is Admitted to the U.S." The New York Times . Archived from the original on February 16, 2011. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
- ↑ Richard Bernstein (February 21, 1997). "Chinese Exiles Wonder How Wind Will Blow". The New York Times . Retrieved July 10, 2016.
- ↑ "Liu Gang". Committee of Concerned Scientists. October 3, 1997. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
- ↑ Kathianne Boniello (August 7, 2011). "Torment of Tiananmen". New York Post . Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ↑ "Introduce of the China's 21 "Most Wanted" following Tiananmen Square Massacre". China Daily Mail. June 13, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
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- ↑ "Introduce of Gang Liu". Bell's Lab. Archived from the original on August 6, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
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- ↑ Davis, R. Drew; Kumar, K.; Liu, Gang; Sanlee, Iraj (March 2000). "SPIDER: A Simple and Flexible Tool for Design and Provisioning of Protected Lightpaths in Optical Networks". Research Gate. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
