Nine Lives Tour

Last updated
Nine Lives Tour
Tour by Aerosmith
Associated album
Start dateMay 8, 1997 (1997-05-08)
End dateJuly 17, 1999 (1999-07-17)
Legs11
No. of showsapprox. 283 (scheduled); 204 (played); 43 (cancelled); 36 (rearranged)
Aerosmith concert chronology
  • Get a Grip Tour
    (1993–1994)
  • Nine Lives Tour
    (1997–1999)
  • Roar of the Dragon Tour
    (1999–2000)

The Nine Lives Tour saw Aerosmith playing in North America, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Czech Republic, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Austria, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Portugal. It initially promoted their 1997 release Nine Lives and ran from May 1997 to July 1999. [1]

Contents

The length of the tour was due to the chart-topping success of "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing". "We were just about to go off the road and that song came around," explained drummer Joey Kramer. "We continued to tour off that song for another year. That was welcomed by the band. At that time, that was what we did: we would be on the road for twelve or eighteen months, and the only time we came off the road was to make another record." [2]

The tour included a range of support acts. Some opened on entire legs of the tour, others for only half. Some performers appeared at selected dates and others performed just once. They included Shed Seven, Kula Shaker, 3 Colours Red, Jonny Lang, Marry Me Jane, Talk Show, Days of the New, Kenny Wayne Shepherd, Spacehog, Monster Magnet, Fuel, Fighting Gravity, Seven Mary Three, Candlebox, The Afghan Whigs, The Black Crowes, Lenny Kravitz, Bryan Adams, Stereophonics, Skunk Anansie, Ministry and Guano Apes. [3]

Several dates were cancelled, owing to Kramer and singer Steven Tyler recovering from serious injuries that occurred on separate occasions. [4] [5]

Setlist

A standard show on the Nine Lives Tour consisted of 24 tracks, 2 and a half hour stage time. The minimum number of songs played at a show on this tour was 12, and the maximum number of songs played at a show on this tour was 28 songs, played at select shows.

"Cryin'", "Dream On", "Love in an Elevator", "Pink", "Sweet Emotion" and "Walk This Way" were the only songs which were played at every single show on the Nine Lives Tour. The title track from the new record, "Nine Lives", was the opening song at most shows.

  1. "Nine Lives"
  2. "Love in an Elevator"
  3. "Falling in Love (Is Hard on the Knees)"
  4. "Eat the Rich"
  5. "Livin' on the Edge"
  6. "Dream On"
  7. "Taste of India"
  8. "Janie's Got a Gun"
  9. "What Kind of Love Are You On"
  10. "Last Child"
  11. "Rag Doll"
  12. "Pink"
  13. "Draw the Line"
  14. "Stop Messin' Around"
  15. "Mother Popcorn"
  16. "intro"
  17. "Walk This Way"
  18. "I Don't Wanna Miss A Thing"
  19. "Cryin'"
  20. "Dude (Looks Like a Lady)"
  21. "Come Together"
  22. "What it Takes"
  23. "Sweet Emotion"

Tour dates

[6]

DateCityCountryVenue
Europe I
May 8, 1997 Newcastle England Newcastle Arena
May 10, 1997 Manchester NYNEX Arena
May 12, 1997 Hamburg Germany Alsterdorfer Sporthalle
May 15, 1997 Helsinki Finland Hartwall Arena
May 17, 1997 Nürburg Germany Rock am Ring
May 18, 1997 Nuremberg Rock im Park
May 20, 1997 Prague Czech Republic Prague Sports Hall
May 23, 1997 Vienna Austria Wiener Stadthalle
May 25, 1997 Milan Italy Forum di Assago
May 27, 1997 Rotterdam Netherlands Rotterdam Ahoy
May 29, 1997 Ghent Belgium Flanders Expo
May 31, 1997 Birmingham England NEC Arena
June 2, 1997 Glasgow Scotland S.E.C.C. Arena
June 4, 1997LondonEngland Wembley Arena
June 5, 1997
June 7, 1997 Lyon France Halle Tony Garnier
June 9, 1997 Zürich Switzerland Hallenstadion
June 11, 1997ParisFrance Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy
June 13, 1997 Barcelona Spain Palau Sant Jordi
June 15, 1997 Madrid Palacio de los Deportes
North America I
June 30, 1997 Old Orchard Beach United States Seashore Performing Arts Center
July 2, 1997 Ottawa Canada Corel Centre
July 4, 1997 Montreal Molson Centre
July 6, 1997 Toronto Molson Amphitheatre
July 9, 1997 Darien Lake United States Darien Lake Performing Arts Center
July 11, 1997 Mansfield Great Woods Center for the Performing Arts
July 12, 1997
July 14, 1997 Richmond Classic Amphitheatre at Strawberry Hill
July 16, 1997 Burgettstown Coca-Cola Star Lake Amphitheater
July 18, 1997 Camden Blockbuster-Sony Music Entertainment Centre
July 20, 1997 Saratoga Springs Saratoga Performing Arts Center
July 29, 1997 Virginia Beach GTE Virginia Beach Amphitheater
July 31, 1997 Hershey Hershey Park Stadium
August 2, 1997 Bristow Nissan Pavilion
August 4, 1997 Scranton Montage Mountain Performing Arts Center
August 6, 1997 New York City Madison Square Garden
August 9, 1997 Hartford Meadows Music Theater
August 10, 1997 Holmdel PNC Bank Arts Center
August 12, 1997 Cuyahoga Falls Blossom Music Center
August 14, 1997 Minneapolis Target Center
August 16, 1997 East Troy Alpine Valley Music Theatre
August 18, 1997 Cincinnati Riverbend Music Center
August 21, 1997 Auburn Hills The Palace of Auburn Hills
August 22, 1997
August 24, 1997 Maryland Heights Riverport Amphitheater
August 26, 1997 Bonner Springs Sandstone Amphitheater
August 28, 1997 Columbus Polaris Amphitheater
August 30, 1997 Tinley Park New World Music Theatre|World Music Theater
August 31, 1997 Noblesville Deer Creek Music Center
North America II
September 23, 1997 Raleigh United States Hardee's Walnut Creek Amphitheatre
September 25, 1997 Charlotte Blockbuster Pavilion
September 27, 1997 Atlanta Lakewood Amphitheater
September 29, 1997 Lafayette Cajundome
October 1, 1997 Memphis Pyramid Arena
October 3, 1997 Orlando Orlando Arena
October 5, 1997 West Palm Beach Coral Sky Amphitheater
October 7, 1997 Antioch Starwood Amphitheater
October 9, 1997 Dallas Starplex Amphitheater
October 11, 1997 Houston The Summit
October 13, 1997 Phoenix Blockbuster Desert Sky Pavilion
October 16, 1997 Mountain View Shoreline Amphitheater
October 18, 1997 Devore Blockbuster Pavilion
October 20, 1997 Concord Concord Pavilion
October 22, 1997 Seattle KeyArena
October 24, 1997 Portland Rose Garden Arena
October 25, 1997 Vancouver Canada Pacific Coliseum
North America III
November 22, 1997 Jacksonville United States Jacksonville Coliseum
November 24, 1997 Tampa Ice Palace
November 26, 1997 Biloxi Mississippi Coast Coliseum
November 28, 1997 Tupelo Tupelo Coliseum
November 29, 1997 Birmingham Birmingham-Jefferson Civic Center
December 2, 1997 Little Rock Barton Coliseum
December 4, 1997 Austin Frank Erwin Center
December 8, 1997 El Paso Don Haskins Center
December 10, 1997 Albuquerque Tingley Coliseum
December 12, 1997 San Diego Cox Arena
December 14, 1997 Las Vegas MGM Grand Garden Arena
December 16, 1997 Anaheim Arrowhead Pond
December 18, 1997 San Antonio Alamodome
December 20, 1997 Oklahoma City Myriad Convention Center
December 21, 1997 Valley Center Kansas Coliseum
December 30, 1997 Boston Fleet Center
December 31, 1997
January 3, 1998 Landover US Air Arena
January 7, 1998 Portland Cumberland County Civic Center
January 9, 1998 Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Civic Arena
January 11, 1998 Rochester Rochester Community War Memorial
January 13, 1998 Albany Pepsi Arena
January 15, 1998 Philadelphia CoreStates Spectrum
January 16, 1998BostonMama Kins Music Hall
January 17, 1998 New Haven New Haven Coliseum
January 19, 1998 State College Bryce Jordan Center
January 21, 1998 Syracuse Onondaga County War Memorial
January 23, 1998 Charleston Charleston Civic Center
January 24, 1998 North Charleston North Charleston Coliseum
January 27, 1998 Roanoke Roanoke Civic Center
January 29, 1998 Columbia Carolina Coliseum
January 31, 1998 Greensboro Greensboro Coliseum
February 2, 1998 Lexington Rupp Arena
February 4, 1998 Grand Rapids Van Andel Arena
February 6, 1998 Ames Hilton Coliseum
February 8, 1998 Madison Kohl Center
February 10, 1998Auburn HillsThe Palace of Auburn Hills
Japan
March 1, 1998 Nagoya Japan Nagoya Dome
March 3, 1998 Osaka Osaka Dome
March 5, 1998 Fukuoka Fukuoka Dome
March 8, 1998Tokyo Tokyo Dome
March 9, 1998
March 12, 1998 Yokohama Yokohama Arena
March 14, 1998
North America IV
April 18, 1998 Salt Lake City United States Delta Center
April 20, 1998 Denver McNichols Sports Arena
April 22, 1998 Colorado Springs World Arena
April 24, 1998 Spokane Spokane Arena
April 27, 1998 Anchorage Sullivan Arena
April 29, 1998
Europe II
Dates were canceled after Steven Tyler suffered a cruciate knee ligament injury after dropping the microphone stand on his knee during "Mama Kin" on April 29, 1998.
June 26, 1998 Saint Petersburg Russia Kirov or Petrovsky Stadium
June 28, 1998Moscow Luzhniki Stadium
July 1, 1998 Oulu Finland Oulu Baseball Stadium
July 3, 1998 Ringe Denmark Midtfyns Festival
July 5, 1998 Belfort FranceLes Eurockéenes de Belfort
July 7, 1998Paris L'Olympia
July 9, 1998 Cologne Germany Sporthalle
July 10, 1998 Frauenfeld SwitzerlandOut in the Green Festival
July 12, 1998 Andorra-la-Vella Andorra Dr. Music Festival
July 14, 1998 Milan Italy Fila Forum
July 16, 1998 Pistoia Pistoia Festival
July 18, 1998 Stuttgart GermanyBlindman's Ball
July 19, 1998 Magdeburg Blindman's Ball
July 21, 1998 Katowice PolandStadion Slaski
July 24, 1998 Stockholm SwedenLollipop Festival
July 26, 1998RotterdamNetherlands Ahoy
July 28, 1998 Sheffield England Sheffield Arena
with Run-D.M.C.
July 30, 1998 Dublin Ireland Point Theatre
August 1, 1998LondonEnglandWembley Arena
with Run-D.M.C.
North America V
September 9, 1998ScrantonUnited StatesMontage Mountain Performing Arts Center
September 11, 1998CamdenBlockbuster-Sony Music Entertainment Centre
September 13, 1998 Clarkston Pine Knob Music Theatre
September 15, 1998
September 17, 1998Cincinnati Riverbend Music Center
September 19, 1998Tinley ParkWorld Music Theatre
September 21, 1998Noblesville Deer Creek Music Center
September 23, 1998Columbus Polaris Amphitheater
September 25, 1998 Maryland Heights Riverport Amphitheater
September 27, 1998Bonner Springs Sandstone Amphitheater
September 29, 1998Antioch Starwood Amphitheater
October 1, 1998Raleigh Walnut Creek Amphitheater
October 3, 1998Atlanta Lakewood Amphitheater
October 5, 1998CharlotteBlockbuster Pavilion
October 7, 1998Virginia BeachGTE Virginia Beach Amphitheater
October 9, 1998BristowNissan Pavilion
October 11, 1998HartfordMeadows Music Theatre
October 13, 1998 Wantagh Jones Beach Amphitheater
October 15, 1998
October 17, 1998HolmdelP.N.C. Bank Arts Center
Webcast
October 20, 1998MontrealCanadaMolson Centre
October 22, 1998Quebec City Colisee de Quebec
October 24, 1998 Hamilton Copps Coliseum
October 26, 1998 Toledo United States Toledo Sports Arena
November 3, 1998 Milwaukee Bradley Center
November 5, 1998Minneapolis Target Center
November 7, 1998 Mankato Mankato Civic Center
November 9, 1998 Omaha Civic Auditorium
November 11, 1998 Fargo Fargodome
November 13, 1998 Duluth Duluth Entertainment Convention Center
November 15, 1998 La Crosse La Crosse Center
November 17, 1998 Sioux Falls Sioux Falls Arena
November 19, 1998 Peoria Peoria Civic Center
November 21, 1998 Evansville Roberts Municipal Stadium
November 23, 1998 Fort Wayne Allen County War Memorial Coliseum
November 25, 1998 Moline, Illinois MARK of the Quad Cities
November 27, 1998 Rockford Rockford MetroCentre
November 29, 1998 Notre Dame Joyce Center
December 1, 1998Grand Rapids Van Andel Arena
December 3, 1998 Dayton Ervin J. Nutter Center
December 5, 1998 Carbondale SIU Arena
December 7, 1998 Knoxville Thompson–Boling Arena
December 9, 1998 Lexington Freedom Hall
December 11, 1998 Champaign Assembly Hall
December 13, 1998 Huntington Huntington Civic Center
December 15, 1998 Cleveland Gund Arena
December 17, 1998Philadelphia First Union Spectrum
December 19, 1998 Washington, D.C. MCI Center
December 27, 1998 East Rutherford Continental Airlines Arena
December 29, 1998Albany Pepsi Arena
December 31, 1998Boston FleetCenter
January 2, 1999 Worcester Worcester's Centrum Centre
January 4, 1999Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Civic Arena
January 6, 1999 Chattanooga UTC Arena
North America VI
April 11, 1999ColumbusUnited States Schottenstein Center
April 13, 1999Memphis Pyramid Arena
April 15, 1999GreensboroGreensboro Coliseum
April 17, 1999 Greenville Bi-Lo Center
April 19, 1999Birmingham Birmingham-Jefferson Civic Center
April 21, 1999Biloxi Mississippi Coast Coliseum
April 23, 1999Lafayette Cajundome
April 25, 1999San Antonio Retama Park
April 27, 1999 The Woodlands Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion
April 29, 1999DallasCoca-Cola Starplex Amphitheater
May 1, 1999 Greenwood Village Fiddler's Green Amphitheatre
May 3, 1999Las Vegas Thomas & Mack Center
May 7, 1999Los Angeles Hollywood Bowl
May 13, 1999 Sacramento ARCO Arena
May 15, 1999 George The Gorge Amphitheatre
May 17, 1999Salt Lake CityDelta Center
May 20, 1999Auburn HillsPalace of Auburn Hills
May 22, 1999East TroyAlpine Valley Music Center
May 23, 1999Tinley ParkWorld Music Theatre
Europe III
June 10, 1999StockholmSweden Globen Arena
June 16, 1999 Munich Germany Olympiahalle
June 18, 1999 Linz AustriaSteel City Festival
June 20, 1999ZurichSwitzerland Letzigrund
June 22, 1999StuttgartGermany Schleyerhalle
June 24, 1999Cologne Kölnarena
June 26, 1999LondonEngland Wembley Stadium
Toxic Twin Towers Ball
June 28, 1999 Brussels Belgium Forest National
June 30, 1999 Frankfurt Germany Festhalle Frankfurt
July 2, 1999 Nijmegen NetherlandsVeronica[fm] in Concert
July 4, 1999 Erfurt GermanyMessehalle, Erfurt
July 6, 1999Berlin Waldbühne
July 8, 1999 Ringe DenmarkMidtfyns Festival
July 11, 1999 Monza ItalyMonza Rock Festival
July 12, 1999 Naples Neapolis Festival
July 15, 1999BarcelonaSpain Palau Sant Jordi
July 17, 1999 Lisbon PortugalT99 Festival

Notes

From late October 1998 onward, the tour was also called "The Little South of Sanity Tour" given the release of the Geffen live album of the same name.

Problems

A total of 43 shows on the Nine Lives Tour were cancelled and a further 36 shows were rescheduled. The majority of the shows were cancelled/rescheduled due to injuries (Steven Tyler suffered cruciate ligament injury after dropping the microphone stand on his knee, and Joey Kramer suffered second degree burns from a freak accident at a gas station). A select few shows were cancelled/rearranged due to 'scheduling conflict' or the flu.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aerosmith</span> American rock band

Aerosmith is an American rock band formed in Boston in 1970. The group consists of Steven Tyler (vocals), Joe Perry (guitar), Tom Hamilton (bass), Joey Kramer (drums), and Brad Whitford (guitar). Their style, which is rooted in blues-based hard rock, has also incorporated elements of pop rock, heavy metal, glam metal, and rhythm and blues, and has inspired many subsequent rock artists. Aerosmith is sometimes referred to as "the Bad Boys from Boston" and "America's Greatest Rock and Roll Band". The primary songwriting team of Tyler and Perry is sometimes referred to as the "Toxic Twins".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steven Tyler</span> American singer and songwriter (born 1948)

Steven Victor Tallarico, known professionally as Steven Tyler, is an American singer and songwriter, best known as the lead singer of the Boston-based rock band Aerosmith, in which he also plays the keyboards, harmonica and percussion. He has been called the "Demon of Screamin'" due to his high screams and his powerful wide vocal range. He is also known for his on-stage acrobatics. During his performances, Tyler usually dresses in colorful, sometimes androgynous outfits and makeup with his trademark scarves hanging from his microphone stand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joe Perry (musician)</span> American guitarist (born 1950)

Joseph Anthony Pereira, professionally known as Joe Perry, is an American musician best known as a founding member, guitarist, backing and occasional lead vocalist of the rock band Aerosmith. Perry also has his own solo band called the Joe Perry Project, and is a member of the all-star band Hollywood Vampires with Alice Cooper and Johnny Depp.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tom Hamilton (musician)</span> American musician (born 1951)

Thomas William Hamilton is an American musician and songwriter who serves as the bassist for the hard rock band Aerosmith.

<i>Pump</i> (album) 1989 studio album by Aerosmith

Pump is the tenth studio album by American rock band Aerosmith. It was released on September 12, 1989, by Geffen Records. The album peaked at No. 5 on the US charts, and was certified septuple platinum by the RIAA in 1995.

<i>Nine Lives</i> (Aerosmith album) 1997 studio album by Aerosmith

Nine Lives is the twelfth studio album by American rock band Aerosmith, released on March 18, 1997. The album was produced by Aerosmith and Kevin Shirley, and was the band's first studio album released by Columbia Records since 1982's Rock in a Hard Place. In the United States, it peaked at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold over two million copies. One of the album's singles, "Pink", won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. Until Music from Another Dimension!, Nine Lives was their longest album, at 63 minutes.

<i>A Little South of Sanity</i> 1998 live album by Aerosmith

A Little South of Sanity is a live album by American hard rock band Aerosmith, released on October 20, 1998, by Geffen Records. The two-disc album features recordings taken while the band was on the Nine Lives Tour, which began in 1997 and was still ongoing at the time of the live album release, and the Get a Grip Tour, which the band was on tour with from 1993 to 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Just Push Play Tour</span> 2001–02 concert tour by Aerosmith

The Just Push Play Tour was a concert tour by Aerosmith that took the band across North America and Japan. Supporting their 2001 album Just Push Play, it ran from June 2001 to February 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toxic Twins</span> American singing duo

The Toxic Twins is a nickname given to lead singer Steven Tyler and lead guitarist Joe Perry of American hard rock band Aerosmith. They were given that name in the 1970s due to their rampant use of drugs both on and off stage.

<i>Devils Got a New Disguise: The Very Best of Aerosmith</i> 2006 greatest hits album by Aerosmith

Devil's Got a New Disguise: The Very Best of Aerosmith is a compilation album by American hard rock band Aerosmith released on October 17, 2006. It has sold more than 265,048 copies in the U.S. as of May 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pink (Aerosmith song)</span> 1997 single by Aerosmith

"Pink" is a song by American rock band Aerosmith. It was written by Steven Tyler and professional songwriters Richie Supa and Glen Ballard. It was released as the third major single from Nine Lives in 1997.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aerosmith World Tour 2007</span> 2007 concert tour by Aerosmith

Aerosmith World Tour 2007 was a concert tour by American hard rock band Aerosmith that saw the band performing outside North America or Japan for the first time in about eight years, and in some countries, the first time in 14 years. As part of the tour, the band also visited some countries for the first time ever, including India, the United Arab Emirates, Latvia, and Estonia.

<i>You Gotta Move</i> (video) 2004 video by Aerosmith

You Gotta Move is a live DVD by the American hard rock band Aerosmith. It was released on November 23, 2004. It was filmed live at the Office Depot Center in Sunrise, Florida on April 3, 2004 on the Honkin' on Bobo Tour.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Get a Grip Tour</span> 1993–94 concert tour by Aerosmith

The Get a Grip Tour was a concert tour by American hard rock band Aerosmith that lasted over eighteen months, from early June 1993 to mid-December 1994. The tour was put on in support of the band's third consecutive multi-platinum album Get a Grip, released in April 1993.

The Aerosmith/ZZ Top Tour, sometimes referred to as the A to Z Tour or Guitar Hero: Aerosmith Tour, was a concert tour headlined by American hard rock bands Aerosmith and ZZ Top. The tour, presented by Guitar Hero: Aerosmith, took place in the summer of 2009 until it had to be cancelled unexpectedly due to shoulder injuries sustained by Aerosmith frontman Steven Tyler.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cocked, Locked, Ready to Rock Tour</span> 2010 concert tour by Aerosmith

The Cocked, Locked, Ready to Rock Tour was a concert tour by American hard rock band Aerosmith that took place during mid-2010. In late spring and early summer of 2010, the band performed in South America and Europe, respectively, marking their first concerts on those continents since 2007. During the second half of summer, the band toured North America. Prior to the tour, the band confirmed that the lead singer would be Steven Tyler, after rumors of his departure in late 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Global Warming Tour</span> 2012–14 concert tour by Aerosmith

The Global Warming Tour, by American hard rock band Aerosmith, included 82 concert performances across North America, Oceania, Asia, Latin America, and Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Let Rock Rule Tour</span> 2014 concert tour by Aerosmith

The Let Rock Rule Tour was a concert tour by American hard rock band Aerosmith that featured Slash as the opening act. The tour sent both acts to various locations across North America from July to September 2014 and included two festival concerts and eighteen regular concerts. In addition, Aerosmith performed a private show in the middle of the tour. Slash with Myles Kennedy & the Conspirators did not perform at Rock Fest in Wisconsin or at the private show, but performed at all of the other concerts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peace Out: The Farewell Tour</span> 2023 concert tour by Aerosmith

Peace Out: The Farewell Tour was the final concert tour by American rock band Aerosmith. The tour began on September 2, 2023, in Philadelphia and was set to conclude on February 26, 2025 in Buffalo, New York. However, on August 2, 2024, Aerosmith announced that due to Steven Tyler's ongoing vocal cord issues, the band would cease touring effective immediately, cancelling the remainder of the tour. The Black Crowes were the opening act for the tour.

References

  1. Ratliff, Ben (8 August 1997). "Aerosmith turn sex and death into peppy family fun". The New York Times. Retrieved 2020-10-18.
  2. Chamberlain, Rich (May 2017). "The stories behind the songs: Aerosmith – I don't want to miss a thing". Classic Rock . No. 235. p. 27.
  3. "Aerosmith taps Monster Magnet, Fuel to open reschedules tour". MTV .[ dead link ]
  4. "Aerosmith's Permanent Vacation continues". Rolling Stone . Retrieved 2020-10-18.
  5. "Aerosmith to cut short winter tour". MTV . Retrieved 2020-10-18.[ dead link ]
  6. "Aero Force One - Login". Aeroforceone.com. 2012-02-17. Archived from the original on 2008-04-20. Retrieved 2012-02-22.