Penglai 蓬莱区 | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 37°49′N120°44′E / 37.817°N 120.733°E | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Province | Shandong |
Prefecture-level city | Yantai |
Area | |
• Total | 1,197.1 km2 (462.2 sq mi) |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 410,000 |
• Density | 340/km2 (890/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+08:00 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 265600 |
Area code | 0535 |
Website | penglai |
Penglai | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simplified Chinese | 蓬莱 | ||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 蓬萊 | ||||||||||||
|
Former names | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dengzhou | |||||||||||||
Chinese | 登州 | ||||||||||||
Postal | Tengchow | ||||||||||||
|
Penglai, formerly known as Dengzhou or Tengchow, [lower-alpha 1] is a district in the prefecture-level city of Yantai,Shandong Province,in the People's Republic of China. It lies on the northwest corner of the Shandong Peninsula on the southern coast of the Gulf of Bohai. Penglai is famous for its mirages out at sea,which are frequent during May and June. Formerly a county-level city under Yantai's administration,Penglai became a district in 2020.
Penglai District is entirely surrounded by other divisions of Yantai:Fushan District is to the east,Longkou City to the west,and Qixia City to the south. Its limits in geographic coordinates are 37°25'–37°50' N,120°35'–121°09' E.
Penglai District is located in the mid-latitude region of the northern hemisphere,with a continental climate in the warm temperate monsoon zone,annual average temperature of 12.5°C,annual average daily maximum temperature of 28.8°C,annual average daily minimum temperature of -2.3°C,extreme maximum temperature of 38.8°C,extreme minimum temperature of -14.9°C,annual average precipitation of 664mm,annual average sunshine of 2826 hours,frost-free period of 206 days on average,relative humidity 65%,average annual wind speed 5.2 m/s,no floods,not affected by typhoons.
Climate data for Penglai (1991–2020 normals,extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.1 (59.2) | 20.9 (69.6) | 27.6 (81.7) | 34.8 (94.6) | 37.0 (98.6) | 37.7 (99.9) | 38.7 (101.7) | 36.5 (97.7) | 34.3 (93.7) | 31.2 (88.2) | 26.6 (79.9) | 18.2 (64.8) | 38.7 (101.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.1 (35.8) | 4.6 (40.3) | 10.4 (50.7) | 17.8 (64.0) | 23.7 (74.7) | 27.4 (81.3) | 29.3 (84.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 25.2 (77.4) | 19.4 (66.9) | 11.8 (53.2) | 4.8 (40.6) | 17.1 (62.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.2 (29.8) | 0.5 (32.9) | 5.5 (41.9) | 12.3 (54.1) | 18.3 (64.9) | 22.5 (72.5) | 25.3 (77.5) | 25 (77) | 21.3 (70.3) | 15.3 (59.5) | 8.0 (46.4) | 1.4 (34.5) | 12.9 (55.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) | −2.7 (27.1) | 1.6 (34.9) | 7.8 (46.0) | 13.7 (56.7) | 18.3 (64.9) | 21.9 (71.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 17.8 (64.0) | 11.7 (53.1) | 4.7 (40.5) | −1.4 (29.5) | 9.3 (48.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −13.0 (8.6) | −13.5 (7.7) | −8.2 (17.2) | −2.7 (27.1) | 4.9 (40.8) | 10.6 (51.1) | 15.0 (59.0) | 14.1 (57.4) | 8.5 (47.3) | 1.2 (34.2) | −6.1 (21.0) | −9.7 (14.5) | −13.5 (7.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 8.9 (0.35) | 12.7 (0.50) | 14.4 (0.57) | 31.7 (1.25) | 54.5 (2.15) | 75.8 (2.98) | 150.5 (5.93) | 147.4 (5.80) | 52.7 (2.07) | 27.7 (1.09) | 28.0 (1.10) | 14.9 (0.59) | 619.2 (24.38) |
Average precipitation days (≥0.1 mm) | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 5.4 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 10.4 | 9.7 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 78.7 |
Average snowy days | 8.9 | 5.1 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 8.6 | 27.7 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 61 | 59 | 54 | 53 | 57 | 67 | 77 | 80 | 70 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 64 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 172.5 | 182.5 | 241.0 | 253.7 | 278.9 | 259.5 | 230.4 | 235.3 | 231.0 | 220.4 | 171.8 | 151.6 | 2,628.6 |
Percent possible sunshine | 56 | 59 | 65 | 64 | 63 | 59 | 52 | 56 | 63 | 64 | 57 | 51 | 59 |
Source:China Meteorological Administration [3] [4] |
The Red Cliffs ( 丹 崖 ) of the area are reputed to have been the site where the Eight Immortals set out for the land of the immortals and where Qin Shi Huang later sent off five hundred boys and five hundred girls on ships to search for them. Chinese legends held that a mystic dolphin was seen from the cliffs above and,missing it with his spear,the emperor knew that his days were numbered.[ citation needed ] The Emperor Wu of Han (Hàn Wǔdì) later also visited the area while searching for the elixir of immortality.
The old city walls incorporate guard towers of three stories (rather than the usual two) because the uncle of the first emperor of the 6th-century Sui dynasty had been prince of the area. [5] Under the Ming,the harbor was fortified and used by the war junks of the imperial navy.
During the early years of the Manchu invasion of China,Portuguese artillerists were instructing Ming forces at Dengzhou when it was besieged by a mutinous army under Kong Youde in February 1632. Captain Gonçalo Teixeiro was killed during its sack,but the 70-year-old Jesuit linguist João Rodrigues escaped by jumping from the city walls into the sea. Kong's forces then seized the Portuguese cannon and used them to pillage the countryside before joining the Manchu invaders who eventually established China's Qing dynasty.
Following the Second Opium War,Dengzhou became the first port opened to foreigners on the Shandong Peninsula in 1858. [1] [6] Christian missions were quickly established. [6] The harbor was found inadequate for the traders,however,and Zhifu (now central Yantai) was developed 30 miles (48 km) away to function as Dengzhou's port. [1]
Penglai is mentioned in the fictional stories about Judge Dee by Robert van Gulik,first mentioned in the book The Chinese Gold Murders.
In 2020,Changdao County,consisting of the Changdao Islands in the Bohai Strait,was merged into Penglai. [7]
As of July 2020,Penglai District has 6 streets,8 towns and 6 townships:Dengzhou Sub-district,Zijingshan Sub-district,Xingang Sub-district,Penglaiguo Sub-district,Nanwang Sub-district,Nanchangshan Sub-district,Liujiagou Town,Chaoshui Town,Daliuxing Town,Xiaomenjia Town,Daxindian Town,Muriji Town,Beigou Town,Emery Town,North Changshan Township,Daqindao Township,Heihe Township,Xiaoqindao Township,Nanhuangcheng Township,Beihuangcheng Township,the district people's government is located in Penglai Economic Development Zone,No. 169 Jinchuang Road.[ citation needed ]
Penglai has been ranked by the Chinese government as a top domestic tourist destination. [8] Its Water Fortress (水城,Shuǐchéng),a fortified harbor,is one of China's oldest military ports. It was built under the Ming in 1376 [9] and housed a fleet of warjunks. [5] It is now a protected historical monument being renovated at a cost of 500m RMB (more than $60m).[ citation needed ] There is a plank walk along the cliffs nearby.
More than US$25 million has also been invested into developing the Penglai Pavilion and other sites.[ citation needed ] The Penglai Pavilion is a large park of ancient buildings,palaces and temples,that have been restored and rebuilt. It has been a tourist goal for more than a thousand years,and the site features inscriptions from famous poets and calligraphers like Su Shi and Dong Qichang. Among other cultural attractions of Penglai are the Naval Museum with exhibits of ancient ships and the restored residence of the famous patriotic general Qi Jiguang. Penglai also has the largest ocean aquarium in Asia. It includes a polar area,a shark hall,a tropical rainforest,and a theater with mermaids,dolphins and sea lions. [10] A picturesque festival takes place in January for the birthday of Tianhou,a local sea goddess.
While tourism is the mainstay of Penglai's economy,bringing more than two million tourists annually,[ citation needed ] in fact the entire center of the town around the harbour was walled off and completely razed in 2006. [11]
The production of wine is the second largest industry in the province. Agriculture is first. However,in Penglai,tourism is the primary industry,and wine-making is second. The hills south of Penglai have an average elevation of 200 metres (660 ft),while the coastal areas are relatively flat. Most of the soil is loose,well-aerated,and rich in minerals and organic matters that enable full development of the root systems. The wineries are located mainly in the Nanwang Grape Valley and along the Yan-Peng Sightseeing Highway. The main varieties grown there,like Cabernet Sauvignon,Cabernet Gernischt,Merlot,Riesling and Chardonnay,are all reaching 20 years of age,considered to be the golden stage for these grapes. Most of them maintain an average sugar content of above 20%. The Cabernet is especially typical,with good color and a dense fragrance.
Shandong is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the East China region.
Anhui is an eastern landlocked province of the People's Republic of China. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huai River, bordering Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan to the northwest, and Shandong for a short section in the north.
The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since ancient times, due to China's large population and geographical area. The constitution of China provides for three levels of government. However in practice, there are five levels of local government; the provincial, prefecture, county, township, and village.
Jingdezhen is a prefecture-level city, in northeastern Jiangxi province, with a total population of 1,669,057 (2018), bordering Anhui to the north. It is known as the "Porcelain Capital" because it has been producing Chinese ceramics for at least 1,000 years, and for much of that period Jingdezhen porcelain was the most important and finest quality in China. The city has a well-documented history that stretches back over 2,000 years.
Yantai, formerly known as Chefoo, is a coastal prefecture-level city on the Shandong Peninsula in northeastern Shandong province of People's Republic of China. Lying on the southern coast of the Bohai Strait, Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east, with sea access to both the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong. Its population was 6,968,202 during the 2010 census, of whom 2,227,733 lived in the built-up area made up of the 4 urban districts of Zhifu, Muping, Fushan and Laishan.
Liuyang is a county-level city, the most populous and the easternmost county-level division of Hunan Province, China; it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Changsha, the provincial capital. Located on the northeastern margin of Hunan, the city is bordered to the north by Pingjiang County, to the west by Changsha County and Yuhua District, to the south by Shifeng, Hetang Districts of Zhuzhou and Liling City, to the southeast and the east by Yuanzhou District of Yichun, Shangli, Wanzai and Tonggu Counties of Jiangxi. Liuyang City covers 4,997.35 km2 (1,929.49 sq mi) with registered population of 1,453,246 and resident population of 1,297,700. The city has four subdistricts, 26 towns and two townships under its jurisdiction, its jurisdiction, its administrative centre is at Guankou Subdistrict (关口街道).
Weihai, formerly Weihaiwei, is a prefecture-level city and major seaport city in easternmost Shandong province of China. It borders Yantai to the west and the Yellow Sea to the east, and is the closest Chinese city to South Korea.
Zibo is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, China. It borders the provincial capital Jinan to the west, Tai'an to the southwest, Linyi to the south, Weifang to the east, Dongying to the northeast, and Binzhou to the north.
Chuzhou is a prefecture-level city in eastern Anhui Province, China. It borders the provincial capital of Hefei to the south and southwest, Huainan to the west, Bengbu to the northwest, and the province of Jiangsu to the east. According to the 2010 Chinese census, the city of Chuzhou has a registered population of 3,987,054 inhabitants, of whom 1,198,719 live in the built-up area made of two urban districts, with Lai'an County now largely being urbanized. Nevertheless, 7,260,240 persons declared to be permanent residents.
Jiaozuo is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Henan province, China. Sitting on the northern bank of the Yellow River, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the south, Xinxiang to the east, Jiyuan to the west, Luoyang to the southwest, and the province of Shanxi to the north. Jiaozuo is one of the core cities of the Central Plains urban agglomeration and a regional central city along the Shanxi–Henan border area.
Longkou, formerly Huang County, is a port city in northeastern Shandong province, China, facing the Bohai Sea to the north and the Laizhou Bay to the west. Longkou, a county-level city, is administered by the prefecture-level city of Yantai. It is located in the northwest of Jiaodong Peninsula and the south bank of Bohai Bay, adjacent to Penglai District in the east, Qixia City and Zhaoyuan City in the south, Bohai Sea in the west and north, and facing Tianjin and Dalian across the sea. With a total area of 901 square kilometers, the city has jurisdiction over 5 subdistricts, 8 towns and 1 high-tech industrial park.
Linhe is the only district and the seat of the city of Baynnur, Inner Mongolia, situated at the northern loop of the Yellow River, south of the Lang Shan range. The district spans an area of 2,333 square kilometers, and has a population of 555,000 inhabitants as of 2019.
Rushan is a county-level city in the prefecture-level city of Weihai, Shandong province, People's Republic of China. Located on the Shandong Peninsula, Rushan borders Yantai to the north and looks out to the Yellow Sea to the south.
Changdao County was a county in Yantai, a prefectural area of Shandong in the People's Republic of China. It consists of the Changshan Islands within the Bohai Strait, directly north of Penglai. They were known for their sandy beaches and picturesque limestone cliffs. The total land area was only 56 square kilometers (22 sq mi), but the coastline is 146 km (91 mi) long. In 2020, Changdao County was merged to Penglai county-level city and became Penglai District.
Zhenning Buyei and Miao Autonomous County is an autonomous county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Anshun, in the southwest of Guizhou Province, China.
Changyi is a county-level city of Weifang, Shandong province, People's Republic of China. The city is 1627.5 square kilometers in area, with a household population of 581,000 as of 2010. The city is under the administration of the Changyi Municipal People's Government, with three neighborhoods, six towns, 691 administrative villages, and one special economic development zone. Changyi has a long history that extends back into the Spring and Autumn period.
Laishan District is a district of the city of Yantai, Shandong province. It has an area of 258 square kilometres (100 sq mi) and around 181,200 inhabitants (2003).
Panzhou is a county-level city in southwestern Guizhou province, China, on the border with Yunnan province to the west. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Liupanshui.
Zhenping County is a county in the southwest of Henan province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Nanyang.
Lishui District, formerly Lishui County until January 2013, is one of 11 districts of Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China.