Substrate-level phosphorylation is a metabolism reaction that results in the production of ATP or GTP supported by the energy released from another high-energy bond that leads to phosphorylation of ADP or GDP to ATP or GTP (note that the reaction catalyzed by creatine kinase is not considered as "substrate-level phosphorylation"). This process uses some of the released chemical energy, the Gibbs free energy, to transfer a phosphoryl (PO3) group to ADP or GDP. Occurs in glycolysis and in the citric acid cycle.
3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3PG, 3-PGA, or PGA) is the conjugate acid of 3-phosphoglycerate or glycerate 3-phosphate (GP or G3P). This glycerate is a biochemically significant metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin-Benson cycle. The anion is often termed as PGA when referring to the Calvin-Benson cycle. In the Calvin-Benson cycle, 3-phosphoglycerate is typically the product of the spontaneous scission of an unstable 6-carbon intermediate formed upon CO2 fixation. Thus, two equivalents of 3-phosphoglycerate are produced for each molecule of CO2 that is fixed. In glycolysis, 3-phosphoglycerate is an intermediate following the dephosphorylation (reduction) of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate or 1,3BPG) is a 3-carbon organic molecule present in most, if not all, living organisms. It primarily exists as a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis during respiration and the Calvin cycle during photosynthesis. 1,3BPG is a transitional stage between glycerate 3-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate during the fixation/reduction of CO2. 1,3BPG is also a precursor to 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate which in turn is a reaction intermediate in the glycolytic pathway.
Phosphoglycerate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) to ADP producing 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) and ATP :
Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase is a type of enzyme called a phosphotransferase and is involved in mammalian starch and sucrose metabolism. It catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to glucose-1-phosphate, yielding 3-phosphoglycerate and glucose-1,6-bisphosphate.
In enzymology, a mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a 2-dehydro-3-deoxygluconokinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a 3-phosphoglyceroyl-phosphate—polyphosphate phosphotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a 4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glycerate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a protein-histidine pros-kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a protein-histidine tele-kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an [RNA-polymerase]-subunit kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a [tyrosine 3-monooxygenase] kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Mannosylglucosyl-3-phosphoglycerate synthase is an enzyme with systematic name GDP-mannose:2-O-(alpha-D-glucosyl)-3-phospho-D-glycerate 2-O-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Glycerate 2-kinase is an enzyme with systematic name ATP:D-glycerate 2-phosphotransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Glucosyl-3-phosphoglycerate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.85, GpgP protein) is an enzyme with systematic name α-D-glucosyl-3-phospho-D-glycerate phosphohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Mannosylglycerate hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.170, 2-O-(6-phospho-mannosyl)-D-glycerate hydrolase, alpha-mannosidase, mngB (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 2-O-(6-phospho-alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate acylhydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
