Printemps

Last updated

Printemps
Industry Retail
Genre Department stores
FoundedMay 11, 1865;160 years ago (1865-05-11) in Paris, France
Founders
  • Jules Jaluzot
  • Augustine Jaluzot
  • Jean-Alfred Duclos
HeadquartersParis, France
Number of locations
20 [a]
Areas served
Key people
Jean-Marc Bellaiche (CEO)
Number of employees
3,000 (2022)
Parent Printemps Group
Website printemps.com

Printemps [b] is a French luxury department store chain founded in 1865, which focuses on beauty, lifestyle, fashion and accessories. The flagship store "le Printemps Haussmann" [c] is located on Boulevard Haussmann in the 9th arrondissement of Paris. The holding company Printemps Group has been owned by the Luxembourg-based, Qatari-backed investment fund Divine Investments SA since 2013.

Contents

As of 2025, Printemps operates nineteen stores in France (including two in Paris, and two outlet stores), as well as two international locations in Doha, Qatar and New York City, United States. The company was a founder of the International Association of Department Stores as well as one of its members from 1928 until 1997. [1] [2]

Early history

The first Printemps store (now commonly known as "Printemps Haussmann"), was opened on 3 November 1865. [3] Founded by Jules Jaluzot and Jean-Alfred Duclos, [4] Jaluzot was previously head of the silk department at Au Bon Marché. [5] Jaluzots wife Augustine Jaluzot (née Figeac) an actress and member of the Comédie Française, financed the stores opening. [6] The store had a large expansion in 1874 which included the addition of hydraulic elevators. [7]

The policies of Printemps revolutionised retail business practices. The store marked items with set prices and eschewed the haggling based on customer appearance that had previously been standard in retail shopping. Like other grands magasins (lit. 'big stores', department stores), Printemps used the economies of scale to provide high quality goods at prices that the expanding middle class could afford. They also pioneered the idea of discount sales to clear outdated stock, and later the use of window models to display the latest fashions. Printemps was noted for its branding innovations as well, handing out bouquets of violets on the first day of spring and championing the new Art Nouveau style, with its nature inspired motifs. [8]

In 1881 the store caught on fire causing the entire building to be destroyed, but after the fire the store was rebuilt with the new building designed by architects Jules and Paul Sédille. [9] The figures of the Four Seasons on the façade were sculpted by French sculptor Henri Chapu. [10] The store also became the first to use electric lighting with the rebuild and customers were even able to observe the power station behind a glass wall.

"Comptoirs d'exportation" (export counters) were opened in Yokohama (1887 - Japan), Avricourt (1872 - Alsace-Lorraine) and Tangiers (1891 - Morocco).

20th century history

First half

An early photograph of the Printemps Haussmann, c. 1865-70 Charles Marville, Boulevard Haussmann, de la rue du Havre, ca. 1853-70.jpg
An early photograph of the Printemps Haussmann, c. 1865–70
Share of the Grands Magasins du Printemps, issued 1. October 1905 Grands Magasins du Printemps 1905.jpg
Share of the Grands Magasins du Printemps, issued 1. October 1905

The store became one of the first department stores with direct metro access when the Métro was connected in 1904. [8] In 1905 Jules Jaluzot resigned from his position after causing the near collapse of the business, being accused of embezzling funds and his involvement in a sugar market manipulation scandal. [3] [7] He was succeeded by Gustave Laguionie, who announced the construction of a second store in 1905. Designed by architect René Binet, the store opened five years later and was dominated by a glass domed hall 42 meters in height and an Art Nouveau staircase which was later removed in 1955. The first store outside of Paris was opened in 1912 in Deauville. [11]

Pierre Laguionie, the son of Gustave, took the helm of the store in 1920, rebuilding it after another large fire in 1921. In 1923 with the reconstruction of the Haussmann store an elaborate cupola was installed above the main restaurant. Pierre Laguionie was the first president of the International Association of Department Stores in from 1928 to 1930, a position he held again in from 1937 to 1938 and 1952 to 1953. Jean Vignéras held the position from 1962 to 1963 and Jean-Jacques Delort was president from 1981 to 1982. [12]

In 1931, Printemps created the discount chain Prisunic. [13] In 1939 to avoid the risk of the cupola being destroyed in bombing attacks it was dismantled and stored at Clichy. [14] It was restored in 1973 by the grandson of its original designer, using plans that had been kept in the archives of the family business. In 1975, the façade and cupola of the building were registered as historical monuments.

In 1946, Printemps alongside Åhlén & Holm, Au Grand Passage (Geneva), Bon Marché (Brussels), Grands Magasins Jelmoli, L'Innovation (Lausanne), Rinascente, S.A.P.A.C. (Printemps purchasing association) and Selfridges founded the Intercontinental Group of Department Stores. [15]

Second half

By 1970 there were 23 Printemps locations and 13 Prisunic discount outlets. The oil-price driven French economic crisis of the early 1970s significantly threatened Printemps business model, in response the firm was transformed into a limited corporation with a controlling interest acquired by Maus Fréres, a Swiss holding company. During the 1970s Jean-Jacques Delort led the company on a turnaround strategy creating specialty stores and brands (such as Armand Thierry clothing) and branching out into different areas such as food and mail.

In 1980 the Nancy-based Magasins Réunis became affiliated with Printemps and in 1983 in a franchise agreement all branches were rebranded to Printemps. [16] [17] [18] The Lefroid department store in Tours was rebranded to Printemps in 1984. [19]

The ex-Magasins Réunis stores on Avenue Ternes, Place de la République (Paris), and in Cherbourg were sold by the family who owned Magasins Réunis to l'Omnium commercial et financier in 1988. [16] Printemps purchased the Nancy store that was held by the family under a franchise agreement. [16]

In 1991 Printemps and its subsidiaries were acquired by François Pinault and merged with other holdings into Pinault-Printemps-Redoute (PPR, was renamed Kering in 2013). [20] [21] Printemps spent $40 million to renovate the flagship Haussmann store in 1997 the renovation redesigned the entire store and also added TV screens and music listening stations around the store whilst also refreshing the brands that the store stocked. [22]

21st century history

2000s

Previous Printemps logo, in use from 2000 until 2022 PrintempsLogo.png
Previous Printemps logo, in use from 2000 until 2022

In 2006 Printemps was sold to the Italian Borletti Group (with equity partner Deutsche Bank), they then made major investments to revamp stores. [23] [24]

On 16 December 2008, the Paris department store Printemps Haussmann was evacuated following a bomb threat from the terrorist group FRA (Afghan Revolutionary Front). The demining services found five sticks of dynamite in the toilet of the store. The FRA claimed this attack and demanded the withdrawal of 3,000 French soldiers deployed in Afghanistan. [25] [26]

2010s

On 31 July 2013, Divine Investments SA (DiSA), a Luxembourg-based investment fund backed by Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani of Qatar, purchased Printemps. [27] [28] On 4 August 2013 labor organisations in France asked the Paris prosecutor's office to open a preliminary inquiry into the sale, in response to a complaint from labour representatives. [29] [30] On 8 August the French court rejected the request to stop the sale. [31]

On 15 January 2014, Printemps opened its first new store in 32 years at the Carrousel du Louvre shopping mall in Paris. [32] The store closed in 2023. [6] The next year a new store opened at Polygone Riviera in Cagnes-sur-Mer. [6]

2020s

In 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic it was announced that four Printemps stores would close (Le Havre, Strasbourg, Metz & Place d'Italie). [33] However, the Le Havre store did not close and in 2022 was purchased by the franchisee of Printemps Caen. [34]

An outlet opened at the McArthurGlen Paris-Giverny mall in mid-2024. [35] In November 2024 it was revealed that Printemps would be forced to close the Polygone Riviera store, with the centre’s new owners planning on converting it into entertainment park. [6] [36]

Jean-Marc Bellaiche stepped down as president of Printemps in September 2025 after "five years of transformation". [37] Under his leadership the Printemps Group had returned to profitability and e-commerce sales increased to form 10% of all Printemps revenues. [38]

Store locations and opening timeline

As of 2025, Printemps operates nineteen stores in France (including two outlet locations), along with two international locations in Doha, Qatar and New York City, United States.

  Printemps stores permanently closed
  Printemps stores currently in operation
  Printemps stores planned to open

France

Metropolitan area
("metro")		Suburb or NeighborhoodName/Location/NotesSizeOpenedClosed
Paris 9th arrondissement Printemps Haussmann

On the corner of Boulevard Haussmann and Rue du Havre. Future Printemps Homme. Gradually expanded to take up the entire block (Havre, Haussmann, Provence, Caumartin).

18651881
Paris 9th arrondissement Printemps Haussmann

Rue de Provence. Future Printemps Beauté, Maison, Enfant.

18741881
Paris 9th arrondissement Printemps Haussmann 18831921
Paris 9th arrondissement Printemps Haussmann 18831921
Paris 9th arrondissement Printemps Haussmann

Now Printemps Femme.

19101921
Deauville Place François AndréPrintemps Deauville1,200 m2 (12,917 sq ft) [39] 1912 [40] open
Paris 9th arrondissement Printemps Haussmann (Homme, Goût)

On Boulevard Haussmann.

45,000 m2 (484,376 sq ft) [41] 1925open
Paris 9th arrondissement Printemps Haussmann (Femme)

On Boulevard Haussmann.

1925open
Paris 9th arrondissement Printemps Haussmann (Beauté, Maison, Enfant)

Previously the Men's (Homme) building until 2017.

1925 [42] open
Rouen Place de la CathédralePrintemps Rouen6,800 m2 (73,195 sq ft) [41] 1928 [41] open
Le Havre CotyPrintemps Le Havre

Located at Espace Coty. Franchised location under the control of Toscaleo Conseil. [43]

3,350 m2 (36,059 sq ft) [41] 1928 [41] open
Lille Lille-CentrePrintemps Lille13,130 m2 (141,330 sq ft) [41] 1929 [41] open
Bordeaux Bordeaux CentrePrintemps Bordeaux

Previously Familia.

1934 [44] 20 May 1989 [44]
Lyon Place de la République Printemps Lyon7,000 m2 (75,347 sq ft) [45] 1938 [45] open
Poitiers Place du Maréchal LeclercPrintemps Poitiers

Destroyed by fire, rebuilt and reopened in 1965.

1940 [46] 30 May 1961 [46]
Auxerre Centre-VillePrintemps Auxerre

Previously Soisson & James.

1963 [47] closed (1990s)
Paris Place de la Nation Printemps Nation

Located on Cours de Vincennes

10,000 m2 (107,639 sq ft) [41] 1964 [41] open
Poitiers Place du Maréchal LeclercPrintemps Poitiers7 September 1965 [48] 28 January 2012 [49]
Paris Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt Printemps Parly 2

Located at Parly 2.

10,450 m2 (112,483 sq ft) [41] 1969 [41] open
Rennes Quartier BréquignyPrintemps Alma

Located at Westfield Rennes Alma.

6,110 m2 (65,767 sq ft) [41] 1971 [41] open
Paris Vélizy-Villacoublay Printemps Vélizy 2

Located at Vélizy 2.

10,481 m2 (112,817 sq ft) [41] 1972 [41] open
Paris Créteil Printemps Créteil Soleil

Located at Créteil Soleil.

19741978 [50]
Metz Metz Old TownPrintemps Metz6,000 m2 (64,583 sq ft) [41] 1974 [41] 30 November 2021 [51]
Paris Place d'Italie Printemps Italie 2 / Printemps Italie

Located at Italie 2. Previously Au Bon Marché.

5,940 m2 (63,938 sq ft) [41] 1976 [52] 2021 [53]
Toulon La Valette-du-Var Printemps Grand Var

Located at Grand Var.

8,300 m2 (89,340 sq ft) [41] 1978 [41] open
Strasbourg Place de l'Homme de FerPrintemps Strasbourg7,000 m2 (75,347 sq ft) [41] 1979 [41] 30 December 2021 [54]
Marseilles La ValentinePrintemps Valentine

Located at Centre Valentine.

7,228 m2 (77,802 sq ft) [41] 1982 [41] open
Nancy Place Simone-VeilPrintemps Nancy

Previously Magasins Réunis.

6,055 m2 (65,175 sq ft) [41] 1983 [41] open
Alençon Printemps Alençon

Previously Magasins Réunis.

19831995 [55]
Cherbourg Centre-VillePrintemps Cherbourg

Previously Magasins Réunis.

1983closed (early 1990s)
Épinal Place des 4 NationsPrintemps Épinal

Previously Magasins Réunis.

1983closed (late 1980s) [56]
Paris 11th arrondissement Printemps Place de la République

Previously Magasins Réunis. [57]

1983closed
Paris 17th arrondissement Printemps Avenue Ternes

Previously Magasins Réunis. [57]

1983closed (early 1990s)
Brest Brest CentrePrintemps Brest

Franchised location under the control of Rallye. [58] Previously Magasins Jean.

1984 [59] open
Tours Quartier GrammontPrintemps Tours

Previously Lefroid.

1984 [19] open
Caen Saint-Jean Printemps Caen

Franchised location under the control of Toscaleo Conseil. [43] Previously Au Bon Marché.

1989 [60] open
Paris Beaubourg Printemps Design

Located at Centre Pompidou.

1 January 2000 [61] 2011
Paris 1st arrondissement Printemps du Louvre

Located at the Carrousel du Louvre.

2,600 m2 (27,986 sq ft) [41] 15 January 2014 [62] 2023
Marseilles ArencPrintemps Les Terrases du Port

Located at Les Terrases du Port.

6,000 m2 (64,583 sq ft) [63] 24 May 2014 [63] open
Nice Cagnes-sur-Mer Printemps Polygone Riviera

Located at Polygone Riviera.

6,320 m2 (68,028 sq ft) [41] 2015 [41] March 2025 [64]
Aix-Marseille-Provence Miramas Printemps Outlet Miramas

Located at MacArthurGlen Designer Outlet Provence.

600 m2 (6,458 sq ft) [41] 2017 [41] open
Eure Douains Printemps Outlet Giverny

Located at MacArthurGlen Designer Outlet Paris-Giverny.

560 m2 (6,028 sq ft) [65] 2024 [65] open

International

Metropolitan area
("metro")		Suburb or NeighborhoodName/Location/NotesSizeOpenedClosed
Avricourt, Alsace–Lorraine Dienstflagge Elsass-Lothringen Kaiserreich.svg Export counter1872
Yokohama, Japan Flag of Japan.svg Export counter1887 [66] 1889 [67]
Tangiers, Morocco Flag of Morocco (1666-1915).svg Export counter1891
Antananarivo, Madagascar Flag of Madagascar.svg Place de l'IndépendancePrintemps Tananarive

Converted to Prisunic.

1930s (either 1930 or 1937)Before 1970 after 1953
Singapore Flag of Singapore.svg Orchard Road Printemps Singapore

Located at Méridien Shopping Complex (now Concorde Hotel Singapore).

4,416 m2 (47,533 sq ft) [68] September 1983 [69] 24 December 1989 [68]
Tokyo, Japan Flag of Japan.svg Ginza Printemps Ginza

Located at 3-2-1 Ginza, Chuo-ku.

1984 [70] 2016 [70]
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg corner of Palestine and Setten RoadPrintemps Al Amoudi

Located at Middle East Shopping Center, later Elysee Printemps Center. [71] [72]

1984 [73] 2006
Petaling Jaya, Malaysia Flag of Malaysia.svg Damansara Jaya 26 July 1984 [74] [75] 1987 [76]
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Flag of Malaysia.svg Bukit Bintang Located at KL Plaza.19851987
Denver, United States Flag of the United States.svg Baker Printemps Denver

Located at Broadway Plaza.

8,826 m2 (95,000 sq ft)6 November 1987 [77] April 1989
Seoul, South Korea Flag of South Korea.svg Myeong-dong Printemps 프랭탕백화점

Located at the Janggyo building.

1 September 1988[ citation needed ]1997[ citation needed ]
Istanbul, Turkey Flag of Turkey.svg Ataköy Located at Galleria Ataköy.1988Spring 1997 [78]
Lisbon, Portugal Flag of Portugal (official).svg Cascais Located at CascaiShopping.15 May 1991 [79] circa. 1999 [80]
Bangkok, Thailand Flag of Thailand.svg Prawet Located at Seri Center. [81] 1994
Taipei, Taiwan Flag of the Republic of China.svg Xinyi Printemps TaipeiMarch 1995 [82] 2002 [11]
Taoyuan, Taiwan Flag of the Republic of China.svg 1998 [11]
Istanbul, Turkey Flag of Turkey.svg Ataköy Located at Galleria Ataköy. Reopened in the original Printemps space.1998 [83] 2000 [84]
Andorra la Vella, Andorra Flag of Andorra.svg Avinguda MeritxellPrintemps Andorra / Pyrénées

Located at 9 and 11 Avinguda Meritxell. [85]

2009
Doha, Qatar Flag of Qatar.svg MushairebPrintemps Doha

Located at the Doha Oasis shopping complex.

40,000 m2 (430,556 sq ft)25 November 2022 [86] open
New York City, United States Flag of the United States.svg Financial District Printemps New York

Located at 1 Wall Street.

5,000 m2 (53,820 sq ft)13 March (soft opening) 21 March (official opening) [87] open

International expansion

Africa and the Middle East

In the 1930s a store opened in Antananarivo, Madagascar, the store was later converted into a Prisunic. A Printemps store (Printemps Al Amoudi) opened in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 1984. [46] The Jeddah store was closed in 2006.

Printemps Doha opened in November 2022 at Doha Oasis in Doha, Qatar. [41] [88] The store is the largest department store in the Middle East at over 40,000 m2 (430,000 sq ft) and the brands second largest store it includes 14 restaurants and over 200 brands exclusive to the store. [89] The store is a franchise ran by a company related to Printemps owner Disa. [6]

Asia

The first Asian Printemps opened in 1887 in Yokohama, Japan. The store was an 'export counter', and closed two years later in 1889. [90]

In 1981 the company started an international expansion by franchising stores it started with the opening of a location in Kobe, Japan, they continued the expansion a year later opening a store in Sapporo. [91] The Japanese stores were opened in a partnership with Daiei. [92] Printemps expanded to Singapore with its first store located at the ground floor of the newly built Le Méridien Hotel on Orchard Road (now a Concorde Hotel). [93] The original plan was for the store to be located at Goldhill Square. [94] Owned by Town & City Properties Ltd, [95] the store opened on 8 September 1983 [95] and closed on 24 December 1989 with 65 of its staff being retrenched. [68]

Printemps expanded to Malaysia under an exclusive 25-year franchise agreement [74] with Larut Tin Fields Berhad [96] through its subsidiary City Chemist Holdings. [74] Its first store at Damansara Jaya, Petaling Jaya [96] opened on 26 July 1984, [74] [96] with a second store at Kuala Lumpur Plaza opening in 1985. [74] [96] Printemps stores in Malaysia were closed in 1987. [97] Two more stores opened in Japan in Ginza (1984) and Osaka. [98] [70]

Printemps opened in Seoul on 1 September 1988, located in the Myeong-dong neighbourhood. The store closed in 1997.[ citation needed ] An Istanbul store also opened in 1988, located at Galleria Ataköy. [45]

In 1994 a store opened in Bangkok, Thailand at Seri Center. [81] In March 1995 a location opened in the Xinyi district of Taipei, [99] the store opened under a franchise agreement and was operated by the Taiwan-based Jieh Enterprises. [65] A second Taiwanese store opened in Taoyuan in 1998. [100] Printemps also expanded into China in June 1995 with a six floor store opening on Huaihai Road in Shanghai. [101] Plans were announced for two more Chinese stores to open in 1996 (Dalian, Chengdu) and then a Beijing store in 1997. [101]

Printemps Istanbul closed in Spring 1997, [45] however, it reopened in 1998 in the same location in a new partnership. [102] Plans were also in place to open a second Istanbul store, which never eventuated and Printemps at Galleria Ataköy closed in 2000. [103]

Printemps Taipei closed in 2002. [104]

In 2013, the Beijing-based Wangfujing Department Store which was a rival of Printemps in China acquired Printemps China (PCD Stores). [105] [106] In 2017 the last international store closed in Ginza, Tokyo and was converted into an extension of the nearby Marronnier Gate department store, the closing of the store ended the second period of international expansion. [107] [108] [70]

The company is currently looking to open a store in Asia and is aiming to have 5-10 new stores by 2030 all of which will be located outside of France. [109]

Europe

On 15 May 1991 a store opened at CascaiShopping in Cascais (Lisbon), Portugal. [110] It closed around 1999. [111] Printemps also controlled the Pyrénées department store in Andorra as 'Printemps Andorra' till 2009.

United States

Printemps store in New York City Printemps New York.png
Printemps store in New York City

Printemps opened its first store in the United States on 6 November 1987, at the Broadway Plaza in Denver, Colorado. Printemps Denver was approximately 88,000 square metres (950,000 sq ft), and included a French bistro. [112] [113] Business slowed after the first few months, and a shuttle bus operated to transport customers from Downtown Denver. The store closed in April 1989. [114]

In September 2022, Printemps announced that they would open a two-level 54,000 sq ft (5,000 m2) at One Wall Street in New York City. [115] [41] [116] The store held a grand opening attended by Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour and Printemps Group president Jean-Marc Bellaiche on 21 March 2025. [117] [118] It was designed by Laura Gonzalez and Gregory Gourdet is its culinary director. [118] The location is designed to be the pied-à-terre to the Paris Haussmann store, [118] it also contains the landmarked Red Room with mosaics designed by Hildreth Meière. [119] [120] The Deauville branch acted as a testing space for Printemps New York following its 2023 renovation as like the New York store it now contains no leased store-within-a-store spaces. [121] [122] At opening, the boudoir department (vintage clothing, evening-wear, couture, fine jewellery) featured an exhibition of Jean Paul Gaultier pieces. [123] [124] The American online store will launch in late 2025. [118]

In May 2025 Laura Lendrum stepped down as CEO of Printemps America, joining the Printemps America advisory board as chairman. [125] Lendrum had been in the role since 2021, she was replaced Thierry Prevost. [125] Prevost was previously the managing director of Printemps New York and general manager of Printemps Doha.

Cancelled plans

In the early-mid 1980s there were plans to open a branch in Hong Kong however these plans never eventuated. [126]

A franchise in Ratu Plaza, Jakarta which was supposed to open in 1998 was under construction but due to the Asian financial crisis and the May 1998 riots the store did not open. [127] In May 2019 plans were announced to open a store in Galleria Vittorio Emanuele in Milan. It would be 2,500 square metres and would open in 2021, [128] but due to the COVID-19 pandemic the plans were scrapped. [129]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Store count includes 20 full-line and two outlet locations.
  2. ↑ English: springtime; French: [pʁɛ̃tɑ̃] ⓘ /præ̃ˈtɒ̃/
  3. ↑ French: [ləpʁɛ̃tɑ̃osman]

References

  1. ↑ De Bijenkorf official website. "Histoire". De Bijenkorf.
  2. ↑ "List of members". iads.org. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
  3. 1 2 "9ème Histoire - Jules Jaluzot". www.neufhistoire.fr. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
  4. ↑ "Au Printemps". la-malle-en-coin.com (in French). Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  5. ↑ "First Love". Groupe Printemps. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 WW, FashionNetwork com (4 March 2025). "Jean-Marc Bellaiche: 'Printemps New York is not a classic department store'". FashionNetwork.com. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
  7. 1 2 "Le Printemps, éclosion d'un grand magasin". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 4 March 2025.
  8. 1 2 Camille, Rey (2004). Christophe, Charles (ed.). Histoire du Printemps, 1865–1924, mémoire de maîtrise[History of Printemps 1865–1924, Memoire of the General Manager] (in French). Université Paris 1.
  9. ↑ "European Heritage Days". groupe-printemps.com. 14 October 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  10. ↑ "L'Automne". pop.culture.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 Remoleur, Marie-Madeline (30 December 2022). "À Deauville, le Printemps ferme pendant cinq mois : le grand magasin se transforme et change de style". actu.fr (in French). Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  12. ↑ "IADS Presidents". iads.org. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  13. ↑ "The Prisunic store is back on the Champs-Elysées in Paris". sortiraparis.com. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  14. ↑ Clichy, Entrepôts du Printemps (in French)
  15. ↑ "Intercontinental Group of Department Stores – 50th Anniversary" (PDF).
  16. 1 2 3 "La CGT et la CFDT s'inquiètent de l'avenir du magasin Printemps-Ternes à Paris". Le Monde (in French). 15 September 1989. Retrieved 1 October 2025.
  17. ↑ "1980-1984". LSA. Retrieved 1 October 2025.
  18. ↑ "des Magasins Réunis au Printemps, 132 ans d'histoire". NancyBuzz (in French). 19 March 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
  19. 1 2 Giua, Mathieu (15 October 2021). "37° degrés | Printemps, un magasin en constante évolution". www.37degres-mag.fr (in French). Retrieved 4 March 2025.
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  24. ↑ Fahmy, Dalia (31 July 2013). "Deutsche Bank Unit Sells Printemps Stores to Qatari Buyers". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  25. ↑ "Explosives found in Paris store". BBC News. 16 December 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
  26. ↑ Katz, Basil; Bennhold, Katrin (16 December 2008). "Bomb Found at Paris Dept. Store". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
  27. ↑ Karmali, Sarah (1 August 2013). "Printemps Department Store Sold To Qatari Investment Fund". Vogue. UK. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  28. ↑ "Printemps sold to Qatari-backed investors". FashionUnited.info. FashionUnited Group. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  29. ↑ Diderich, Joelle (5 August 2013). "Paris Prosecutor Probes Printemps Sale". WWD. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  30. ↑ "French prosecutors investigate Printemps sale". Thomson Reuters. Reuters. 2 August 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  31. ↑ Diderich, Joelle (8 August 2013). "French Court Rejects Bid to Block Printemps Sale". WWD. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
  32. ↑ Diderich, Joelle (15 January 2014). "Printemps' New Owner Ignites Retail Expansion". WWD. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
  33. ↑ "Printemps to close stores". Shift London. 18 November 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
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