Psilopogon

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Psilopogon
Psilopogon pyrolophus-20030906.jpg
Fire-tufted barbet (Psilopogon pyrolophus)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Piciformes
Family: Megalaimidae
Genus: Psilopogon
Müller, S., 1836
Type species
Psilopogon pyrolophus
Müller, S.
Synonyms

MegalaimaG. R. Gray, 1842

Psilopogon is a genus of Old World barbets that used to include only a single species, the fire-tufted barbet (P. pyrolophus). Results of molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the genus is nested within an evolutionary branch consisting of Asian barbets that were formerly placed in the genus Megalaima proposed by George Robert Gray in 1841. Since Psilopogon was proposed by Salomon Müller already in 1835, this name takes priority. [1] [2]

Contents

The name Psilopogon combines the Ancient Greek psilos meaning "bare" and pōgōn meaning "beard". [3]

Taxonomy

The genus Psilopogon was introduced in 1836 by the German naturalist Salomon Müller to accommodate a single species, the fire-tufted barbet (Psilopogon pyrolophus), which is therefore the type species. [4] [5]

In the 19th and 20th centuries, about 19 generic names were proposed for Asian barbet species in collections of natural history museums, including Megalaima by George Robert Gray in 1849 and Mezobucco by George Ernest Shelley in 1889. [6] Molecular phylogenetic research of Asian barbets revealed that the Megalaima species form a clade, which also includes the fire-tufted barbet. Barbets formerly placed in Megalaima were therefore reclassified under the genus Psilopogon, which now contains the following 33 species: [7]

As of February 2023, the list of birds maintained by Frank Gill, Pamela Rasmussen and David Donsker on behalf of the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) as well as the Clements Checklist of Birds of the World maintained by members of Cornell University both treat Psilopogon cyanotis as a subspecies of Psilopogon duvaucellii. [8] [9] The taxon Psilopogon cyanotis was not included in the 2013 molecular phylogenetic study by Robert Jan den Tex and Jennifer Leonard. [1]

Genus Psilopogon – Müller, S., 1836 – thirty three species
Common nameScientific name and subspeciesRangeSize and ecologyIUCN status and estimated population
Fire-tufted barbet

Psilopogon pyrolophus-20030906.jpg

Psilopogon pyrolophus
S. Müller, 1836		 Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Coppersmith barbet

Coppersmith Barbet (Megalaima haemacephala) in Kolkata I IMG 7583.jpg

Psilopogon haemacephalus
(Statius Müller, 1776 [10] )

Nine subspecies
  • P. h. haemacephalus
  • P. h. indicus
  • P. h. roseus
  • P. h. intermedia
  • P. h. delicus
  • P. h. mindanensis
  • P. h. celestinoi
  • P. h. cebuensis
  • P. h. homochroa
Pakistan to the Philippines and IndonesiaSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


White-cheeked barbet

White cheeked barbet( Megalaima viridis) 4.jpg

Psilopogon viridis
(Boddaert, 1783 [11] )		Western Ghats and adjoining hills
MegalaimaViridisMap.svg 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Great barbet

Great Barbet (Megalaima virens) Cropped.jpg

Psilopogon virens
(Boddaert, 1783 [12] )

Four subspecies
  • P. v. virens
  • P. v. marshallorum
  • P. v. magnificus
  • P. v. clamator
northern India, Nepal and Bhutan, Bangladesh and some parts of Southeast Asia, as far east as LaosSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Brown-headed barbet

Brown headed Barbet I2 IMG 8449.jpg

Psilopogon zeylanicus
(Gmelin, 1788)

Three subspecies
Western Ghats and hilly parts of southern peninsular IndiaSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Crimson-fronted barbet

Crimson-fronted Barbet AKA Ceylon Small Barbet (Psilopogon Rubricapillus).jpg

Psilopogon rubricapillus
Gmelin, 1788		Sri LankaSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Blue-throated barbet

Blue-throated Barbet (Megalaima asiatica) on Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) in Kolkata W IMG 4293.jpg

Psilopogon asiaticus
(Latham, 1790)		Indian subcontinent and Southeast AsiaSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Lineated barbet

Lineated Barbet (Megalaima lineata) - Flickr - Lip Kee (3).jpg

Psilopogon lineatus
(Vieillot, 1816)		West Bengal and BangladeshSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Yellow-fronted barbet

Megalaima flavifrons 1.jpg

Psilopogon flavifrons
(Cuvier, 1816)		Sri LankaSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Black-banded barbet

Black-banded Barbet.jpg

Psilopogon javensis
(Horsfield, 1821)		Java and BaliSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Yellow-eared barbet

Yellow-eared Barbet - Meru Bethiri - East Java MG 7202 (29696590452).jpg

Psilopogon australis
(Horsfield, 1821)		Java and BaliSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Flame-fronted barbet

Flame-fronted Barbet 0A2A8571.jpg

Psilopogon armillaris
(Temminck, 1821)		Java and BaliSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Golden-whiskered barbet

Burung Takur Besar.jpg

Psilopogon chrysopogon
(Temminck, 1824)

Three subspecies
  • P. c. chrysopogon
  • P. c. chrysopsis
  • P. c. laetus
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Borneo and SumatraSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Red-throated barbet

Red-throated Barbet - Krung Ching - Thailand S4E3842 (14086434730).jpg

Psilopogon mystacophanos
(Temminck, 1824)		Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, BruneiSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  NT 


Black-eared barbet

Blue-eared Barbet (Psilopogon duvaucelii cyanoticus).jpg

Psilopogon duvaucelii
(Lesson, 1830)

Three subspecies
  • P. d. duvaucelii
  • P. d. gigantorhinus
  • P. d. tanamassae
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and BorneoSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Green-eared barbet

Green-eared barbet.jpg

Psilopogon faiostrictus
(Temminck, 1831)		southern China, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and VietnamSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Brown-throated barbet

Megalaima corvina 1838.jpg

Psilopogon corvinus
(Temminck, 1831)		western JavaSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Yellow-crowned barbet

Megalaima henricii 1838.jpg

Psilopogon henricii
(Temminck, 1831)		Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and ThailandSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  NT 


Black-browed barbet

Black-browed Barbet - Malaysia MG 6603 (16222423359).jpg

Psilopogon oorti
(Müller, 1836)		Sumatra and the Malay PeninsulaSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Red-crowned barbet

Red-crowned Barbet ( Megalaima rafflesii ).jpg

Psilopogon rafflesii
(Lesson, 1839)		Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and ThailandSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  NT 


Golden-throated barbet

Golden-throated Barbet - Bhutan S4E0602 (15788610633).jpg

Psilopogon franklinii
(Edward Blyth, 1842 [13] )

Two subspecies
  • P. f. franklinii
  • P. f. ramsayi
Nepal, India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, Vietnam and mainland ChinaSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Blue-eared barbet

Blue-eared Barbet (Psilopogon duvaucelii cyanoticus).jpg

Psilopogon cyanotis
(Blyth, 1847)

Three subspecies
  • P. c. cyanotis
  • P. c. orientalis
  • P. c. stuarti (Robinson & Kloss, 1919)
northeast India ‍and Bangladesh to peninsular ThailandSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Malabar barbet

Malabar Barbet (Psilopogon malabaricus) - Male - Sakleshpur - India -2009.jpg

Psilopogon malabaricus
(Blyth, 1847)		Western Ghats from around Goa south to southern Kerala
MegalaimaMalabaricaMap.png 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Taiwan barbet

Taiwan Barbet 9206.jpg

Psilopogon nuchalis
(Gould, 1863)		TaiwanSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Red-vented barbet

Red-vented Barbet 0A2A5485 (cropped).jpg

Psilopogon lagrandieri
(Verreaux, 1868)		Cambodia, Laos and VietnamSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Chinese barbet

Megalaima faber 1870.jpg

Psilopogon faber
(R. Swinhoe, 1870)		southern ChinaSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Moustached barbet

Moustached Barbet - Thailand S4E5744 (16222727037).jpg

Psilopogon incognitus
(Hume, 1874)		Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and VietnamSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Golden-naped barbet

Golden-naped Barbet.jpg

Psilopogon pulcherrimus
(Sharpe, 1888)		Indonesia and MalaysiaSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Mountain barbet


Psilopogon monticola
(Sharpe, 1889)		BorneoSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Bornean barbet

MesobuccoEximiusKeulemans.jpg

Psilopogon eximius
(Sharpe, 1892)		Indonesia and Malaysia, BorneoSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Necklaced barbet

Necklaced Barbet, 0A2A1138.jpg

Psilopogon auricularis
(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)		southern Laos and VietnamSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Indochinese barbet

Indochinese Barbet 0A2A2731.jpg

Psilopogon annamensis
(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)		Laos, Vietnam and CambodiaSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 


Turquoise-throated barbet

Turquoise-throated Barbet (33139941221).jpg

Psilopogon chersonesus
(Chasen & Kloss, 1927)		ThailandSize:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 




Phylogeny

 
 
 

Coppersmith barbet

 

Crimson-fronted barbet

Malabar barbet

 
 

Yellow-eared barbet

Black-eared barbet

Bornean barbet

 
 
 

Great barbet

Red-vented barbet

Fire-tufted barbet

 
 
 

Red-throated barbet

Black-banded barbet

Red-crowned barbet

 
 
 

Flame-fronted barbet

Yellow-crowned barbet

Golden-naped barbet

 

Green-eared barbet

 
 

Lineated barbet

 

Brown-headed barbet

 

White-cheeked barbet

Yellow-fronted barbet

 
 

Golden-throated barbet

Necklaced barbet

 
 
 

Brown-throated barbet

 

Golden-whiskered barbet

Golden-whiskered barbet

Mountain barbet

 
 

Taiwan barbet

Chinese barbet

Moustached barbet

 
 

Blue-throated barbet

Indochinese barbet

 

Turquoise-throated barbet

Black-browed barbet

Relationship within the genus [1]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Den Tex, R.-J.; Leonard, J. A. (2013). "A molecular phylogeny of Asian barbets: Speciation and extinction in the tropics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 68 (1): 1–13. Bibcode:2013MolPE..68....1D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.004. PMID   23511217.
  2. ↑ Ericson, P. G. P. (2012). "Evolution of terrestrial birds in three continents: biogeography and parallel radiations". Journal of Biogeography. 39 (5): 813–824. Bibcode:2012JBiog..39..813E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02650.x. S2CID   85599747.
  3. ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 321. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
  4. ↑ Müller, Salomon (1835). "Aanteekeningen over de natuurlijke gesteldheid van een gedeelte der westkust en binnenlanden van Sumatra, met bijvoeging van eenige waarnemingen en beschrijvingen van verscheid dieren". Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie (in Dutch). 2: 315–355 [339]. The title page is dated 1835 but the article was not published until 1836.
  5. ↑ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1948). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 6. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 30.
  6. ↑ Ripley, S. D. (1945). "The barbets" (PDF). The Auk. 62 (4): 542–563. doi:10.2307/4079804. JSTOR   4079804.
  7. ↑ Moyle, R. G. (2004). "Phylogenetics of barbets (Aves: Piciformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (1): 187–200. Bibcode:2004MolPE..30..187M. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00179-9. PMID   15022769.
  8. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Jacamars, puffbirds, toucans, barbets, honeyguides". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  9. ↑ Clements, J.F.; Schulenberg, T.S.; Iliff, M.J.; Fredericks, T.A.; Gerbracht, J.A.; Lepage, D.; Billerman, S.M.; Sullivan, B.L.; Wood, C.L. (2022). "The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022" . Retrieved 10 December 2022.
  10. ↑ Statius Müller, P. L. (1776). "Der Blutskopf. Bucco haemacephalus". Des Ritters Carl von Linné Königlich Schwedischen Leibarztes &c. &c. vollständigen Natursystems. Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs. Nürnberg: Gabriel Nicolaus Raspe. p. 88.
  11. ↑ Boddaert, P. (1783). "870. Barbu verd, Buff. XIII". Table des Planches Enluminées d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés. Utrecht. p. 53.
  12. ↑ Boddaert, P. (1783). "871. Le grand Barbu, Buff. XIII". Table des Planches Enluminées d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés. Utrecht. p. 53.
  13. ↑ Blyth, E. (1842). "Notes on various Indian and Malayan birds". The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 11 (1): 160–195.
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