The Puerto Rico State Guard (PRSG; Spanish: Guardia Estatal de Puerto Rico) is the state defense force of Puerto Rico that operates under the sole authority of the governor of Puerto Rico who, in turn, delegates such authority to the Puerto Rico Adjutant General. The Guard's secondary purpose is to assume the state mission of the Puerto Rico National Guard in the event that the National Guard is mobilized. The first incarnation of the PRSG was created in 1941 in response to World War II and it disbanded in 1946. The PRSG was revived in 1971 and has remained in continuous existence since then. It is one of the few state defense forces of the United States that has an air division.
The PRSG is a voluntary professional military corps and one of the Major Subordinate Commands of the Puerto Rico Military Forces, which includes the Puerto Rico Army National Guard and the Puerto Rico Air National Guard (PRANG). The PRSG responds directly to the Adjutant General of Puerto Rico, is commanded by a brigadier general and is composed of main units in the San Juan metropolitan area and in the cities of Ponce (South), Mayagüez (West), Caguas (Center), and Ceiba (East). The PRSG is among the most active and largest of the country's state defense forces (SDFs) with almost 1,500 troops organized into six support groups, a separate SAR company, a military academy, an air base group and HHQs.
SDFs (also known as state guards, state military reserves, or state militias) in the US are military units that operate under the sole authority of a state government and are partially regulated by the National Guard Bureau. Their constitutional authority is given in article I, section 8 of the US Constitution, which endorses the existence and potential value of the army, navy, and militia, and establishes basic roles for federal and state governments with respect to their administration and operation. However, Article I, section 10 of the Constitution prohibits states from maintaining state guards in times of peace, without the express consent of Congress. Provisions for states to maintain SDFs are outlined in section 109, title 32 of the United States Code (32 U.S.C. § 109 [2013]). Initially established by Congress in the early 20th century and authorized in their current form in 1955, there are active SDFs in 19 states and Puerto Rico as of February 2024. SDFs are authorized by state and federal law and are under the command of the governor of each state. The US Congress recognized the need for governors and States to keep military troops even if the President calls the state National Guard for federal military service. For that reason, Congress authorizes the SDFs under Title 32 of the United States Code.
Members of the 1st Air Base Group-Puerto Rico Air State Guard conduct visual inspections and minor repairs to facilities on St. Croix as part of a week-long assignment
The PRSG is the SDF of Puerto Rico and can support Puerto Rico National Guard (PRNG) operations in security, engineering, transportation, chaplaincy, emergency management, legal, and medical services among other operational areas. As part of the PRNG the PRSG is also known as the State Command of the Puerto Rico National Guard.
Along with Texas, California and New York, the PRSG is one of the few SDFs that has an air division. The 1st Air Base Group (1ABG), located at Muñiz Air National Guard Base, is an example of integration and teamwork with PRANG units, especially the 156th Airlift Wing. The 1ABG is composed of a headquarters squadron, a mission support squadron (engineering flight, services flight, personnel flight, security forces flight and firefighter flight), a medical squadron, and a logistic squadron (transportation flight, supply flight and an aerial port flight). Currently, the 1ABG has two support units for the 141st Air Control Squadron in Aguadilla and the 140th Air Defense Squadron in Punta Salinas. All 1ABG units are organized to meet the military training requirements necessary to take over PRANG installations upon mobilization and deployment of their units.
The 1ABG training is conducted in accordance with USAF regulations, which supplement PRSG and PRNG regulations, directives and guidance. Unit Training Assemblies (UTAs) are performed jointly with PRANG's 156th Wing in consolidated drills. These drills allow 1ABG personnel to acquire hands-on experience of what their duties would be if PRANG units were mobilized and deployed. It also allows them to be trained by their counterparts in their specialty.
History
The PRSG considers itself a direct descendant of the Spanish Volunteer Regiments created during the Spanish Colonial period which were later replaced by the US Volunteer Infantry in 1898. With most of the PRNG being activated and mobilized during World War II, a secondary force was proposed to deal with the area of Puerto Rico.[2] In April 1942, the colonial legislature passed Law 28, which approved the creation of a new militia-based program to fill the role of the soldiers that had left.[2] The legislation specified that the placeholder entity would only serve within the borders of Puerto Rico and would have to meet standards similar to the PRNG.[2] Gen. Luis Esteves was responsible for organizing the State Guard, establishing nine Regiments composed of three battalions.[3] Companies were scattered throughout Puerto Rico, under the supervision of experienced Colonels.[3] The role of Judge Advocate was handed to Samuel Quiñones, then president of the colonial senate.[3] Medical and other initiatives were completed with civilian volunteers, including Ramón Suárez.[3] A band, led by Luis Miranda, was also created.[4] The State Guard tried to promote itself in the media, publishing a government-sponsored magazine named Centinela Alerta and a column in the newspaper El Mundo.[3] After the war concluded and the PRNG returned, the State Guard was disbanded.[5] Colonial governor and Gen. Esteves awarded a certificate to all the enlisted men, while those who served at least three years were also given a medal approved by the legislature.[5]
The modern PRSG was reformed in 1976 following the approval of the Military Law of Puerto Rico it's considered the state controlled branch of the PRNG. This group was formed to provide Puerto Rico a trained and organized military force in the event of a state security emergency or if the National Guard is deployed. The PRSG is the state's authorized militia and assumes the state mission of the Puerto Rico National Guard in the event the Guard is mobilized. The PRSG comprises retired, activewith , and reserve military personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time and talents in further service to their state.[6]
The modern PRSG reformed in 1976 by the virtue of the Military Code of Puerto Rico (Law Num. 62 from June 23, 1969, and amendments) and is considered the state-controlled branch of the PRNG. By law, the Puerto Rico State Guard is part of the Total Force and one of three components of the Puerto Rico Military Forces, reporting to The Puerto Rico Adjutant General.[7]
Role
Brigadier General Carlos M. Martínez, commander of the Puerto Rico State Guard, second from right, attends a State Guard Association conference in October 2015
The task of the PRSG is to support the PRNG when the latter is activated by the Governor of Puerto Rico or called to active service by the President of the United States.[8] The PRSG also represents the PRNG in civic activities, and supports it in cases of emergencies.
With the approved resources, the PRSG is able to recruit and train personnel to provide security and defense with the armories, as well as to assist civilian authorities in cases of natural disasters, emergencies, and serious disturbances of public order. These volunteers offer support and provide services to the community through health clinics.
In the PRSG, there is a large representation of veterans with extensive combat and command experience as well as non-priors with significant professional and paramilitary backgrounds which greatly enhances the organization. A large proportion of PRSG soldiers are active members of the State Guard Association of the United States (SGAUS) and a few senior officers and NCOs hold leadership positions in the organization.
The PRSG has been a very active force multiplier for the PRNG, supporting Federal mobilizations (legal and medical support), and its current mission is to assist the National Guard especially in concern to homeland security and SAR duties (natural disasters, civil disturbances, communities service and facilities management).
The PRSG is the state's authorized militia and assumes the state mission of the Puerto Rico National Guard in the event the Guard is mobilized. The PRSG comprises retired, active and reserve military personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time and talents in further service to their state.
As a state organized militia, the PRSG ranks are official state military ranks in accordance with Article 1, Section 8, Clause 16 of the United States Constitution was the US Congress received the power "to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress". All PRSG appointments, commissions, warrants, and enlistments are recognized and authorized by the Governor of Puerto Rico through the Adjutant General of PR. The PRSG military personnel render to all members of the military community, and receive from them, all courtesies common to all such members, such as saluting, and forms of address.
Unlike the Civil Air Patrol or the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary, the PRSG is a statutory military entity of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico with each PRSG member subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) per the Military Code of Puerto Rico. Under state law, enlisted members and officers of the PRSG have the same similar legal status, privileges, and /or immunities as members of the state National Guard (in state status) when called to State Active Duty (SAD) or in a drill status.
Generally, the PRSG soldiers and airmen are not paid for drills, UTAs, or annual training. However, because the PRSG is a state military force, members are subject to a call to state active duty by the governor. When that happens, PRSG members are paid at the same rate of pay for their rank or grade as their National Guard counterparts. The Governor of Puerto Rico may provide for the use of the forces of Puerto Rico State Guard barracks, weapons, and equipment from the National Guard of Puerto Rico as are not in current use by that body, as well as those buildings and public properties which are available. The Governor may request the Secretary of the Army of the United States to provide to the Puerto Rico State Guard all the weapons and equipment that could be provided to these forces by the Department of the Army of the United States.
Like other State Defense Forces, the PRSG is not eligible for federal service. However, 10 USC 331-333 may grant powers to the federal government to call up the PRSG since militia is defined as both organized (National Guard) and unorganized under 10 USC 311(b). In addition, Article II, Section II of the United States Constitution further states: "The President shall be commander in chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States."
As stated by the Department of Defense (DoD) Inspector General in the 2014 Evaluation of Department of Defense Interaction with State Defense Forces Report: "Accordingly, as a state organization, the SDF (PRSG members) would not be eligible for Federal benefits, such as pensions and access to the Federal military healthcare system. However, this prohibition did not prohibit DoD from sharing with the SDF (PRSG) any equipment or other resources acquired with Federal funds, providing it furthers DoD missions."
The law also grants employment protection to any person who belongs to the Puerto Rico State Guard and who because of it is absent from employment, for State Active Duty or training.
This major command was formed to provide Puerto Rico with a trained and organized military force in the event of a state security emergency or if the National Guard is deployed. The PRSG comprises retired, active and reserve military personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time and talents in further service to their state.
The PRSG is organized in the following subordinate units:[contradictory]
Army Component
Multifunctional Support Brigade
Service & Support Battalion
Military Police Battalion
Engineering Battalion
Military Band
R & R Detachment
Military Institute
MEPS
Strategic Communications Detachment
Air Guard
Medical Squadron
Mission Support Squadron
Security Forces Flight
Logistics Flight
Civil Engineer Flight
Sustainment Flight
Medical Command
Area Support Medical Company
Mobile Clinic
Field Hospital
The PRSG Military Institute offers specialized and general training to its soldiers. Some examples of training offered either at state or local levels include:
Initial Entry Training Course
Basic and Advanced Non Commissioned Officer Training
Basic and Advanced Officer Training
Basic Marksmanship Training
Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) given in concert with FEMA and DHS
Military Emergency Management Specialist (MEMS) Certification
Marksmanship Training Unit that has represented the PRNG in multiple rifle and pistol competitions
Structure
A Puerto Rico State Guard soldier verifies vaccine information in San Juan, Puerto Rico during the COVID-19 pandemic
The military defense of Puerto Rico is the responsibility of the United States as part of the Treaty of Paris. Locally, Puerto Rico has its own National Guard, the Puerto Rico National Guard, and its own state defense force, the Puerto Rico State Guard, which, by local law, is under the authority of the Puerto Rico National Guard. The commander-in-chief of both forces is the governor of Puerto Rico, currently Pedro Pierluisi, who delegates his authority to the Puerto Rico Adjutant General, currently Major General José J. Reyes. The Adjutant General, in turn, delegates the authority over the State Guard to another officer but retains the authority over the Puerto Rico National Guard as a whole. At the national level, the commander-in-chief is the President of the United States, currently Joe Biden.
In the United States, state defense forces (SDFs) are military units that operate under the sole authority of a state government. State defense forces are authorized by state and federal law and are under the command of the governor of each state.
Major General Luis Raul Esteves was the first Puerto Rican and the first American citizen of Hispanic heritage to graduate from the United States Military Academy, and the founder of the Puerto Rico National Guard. Of his West Point class, that included Dwight Eisenhower, Omar Bradley, Joseph McNarney, James Van Fleet and George E. Stratemeyer, Esteves was the first to achieve the rank of general.
The Texas Air National Guard (TX ANG) is the aerial militia of the U.S. state of Texas. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force and part of the Texas National Guard, alongside the Texas Army National Guard. No element of the Texas Air National Guard is under United States Air Force command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Texas through the office of the Texas Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Texas Air National Guard is headquartered at Camp Mabry, Austin, and its chief of staff is Brigadier General Matthew Barker.
The Oregon Air National Guard (OR ANG) is the aerial militia of the State of Oregon, United States of America. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force and along with the Oregon Army National Guard an element of the Oregon National Guard of the United States National Guard Bureau.
The Connecticut Military Department is a state agency of the government of Connecticut. Its primary components are the Connecticut Army National Guard, the Connecticut Air National Guard, and four companies of the state militia. The Military Department of the State of Connecticut traces its origins to May 11, 1637, when the "General Courts" established a military arm of the provincial government. In 1939, the State's Military Department was established to consolidate the offices of Adjutant General, Quartermaster General, Armory Board, and Armory Board Inspector.
The Kentucky Air National Guard (KY ANG) is the aerial militia of the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force and along with the Kentucky Army National Guard, an element of the Kentucky National Guard of the much larger United States National Guard Bureau.
The New York Air National Guard (NY ANG) is the aerial militia of the U.S. state of New York. It is an element of the New York National Guard as part of the larger Air National Guard, a reservist force under the command of the United States Air Force.
The Tennessee Air National Guard is the aerial militia of the State of Tennessee, United States of America. It is, along with the Tennessee Army National Guard an element of the Tennessee National Guard of the larger United States National Guard Bureau and a reserve of the United States Air Force.
The Puerto Rico National Guard (PRNG) –Spanish: Guardia Nacional de Puerto Rico– is the national guard of the U.S. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal and state missions, which includes to provide soldiers and airmen to the United States Army and U.S. Air Force in national emergencies or when requested by the president of the United States, and to perform military operations at the state level or any other lawful service as requested by the governor of Puerto Rico. The PRNG responds to the governor of Puerto Rico, who serves as its commander in chief and imparts orders with the Puerto Rico adjutant general acting as conduit, and its local mission is to respond as requested in military or civilian tasks. Abroad, its main function is to train a reserve capable of providing additional personnel in a war scenario.
The Wisconsin Air National Guard (WI ANG) is the aerial militia of the State of Wisconsin, United States of America. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force and along with the Wisconsin Army National Guard, an element of the Wisconsin National Guard, National Guard and United States National Guard Bureau.
The Puerto Rico Air National Guard(PR ANG) —Spanish: Guardia Nacional Aérea de Puerto Rico— is the aerial militia of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States of America. It is, along with the Puerto Rico Army National Guard and the Puerto Rico State Guard, an element of the Puerto Rico National Guard. After beginning as four units, the PRANG expanded to 11 units by the 1980s, including the 1956th Tactics Combat Group, the 140th Radar Squadron and others.
The Florida Air National Guard is the aerial militia of the U.S. state of Florida. It is a reserve component of the United States Air Force and along with the Florida Army National Guard, an element of the Florida National Guard. It is also an element of the Air National Guard (ANG) at the national level, falling in with the Army National Guard (ARNG) as part of the greater United States National Guard under the National Guard Bureau (NGB).
The reserve components of the United States Armed Forces are military organizations whose members generally perform a minimum of 39 days of military duty per year and who augment the active duty military when necessary. The reserve components are also referred to collectively as the National Guard and Reserve.
Camp Santiago Joint Training Center is a military training installation controlled by the Puerto Rico National Guard on 6,500 hectares of land located in Salinas, Puerto Rico. This training facility was named posthumously after Medal of Honor recipient and native of Salinas, Puerto Rico, Specialist Four Héctor Santiago-Colón.
Fort Allen, officially Fort Allen Training Center, is a Puerto Rico National Guard military installation located on a 373-hectare (921-acre) facility in Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico.
Lieutenant Colonel José Antonio Muñiz was a United States Air Force officer who during World War II served in the United States Army Air Forces. He co-founded the Puerto Rico Air National Guard together with then-Colonels Alberto A. Nido and Mihiel Gilormini. In 1963, the Air National Guard Base, at the San Juan International Airport in Puerto Rico, was renamed "Muñiz Air National Guard Base" in his honor.
The Puerto Rico Army National Guard (PRARNG) — officially designated in Spanish as Guardia Nacional Terrestre de Puerto Rico, but colloquially known as Ejército de la Guardia Nacional de Puerto Rico — is the Army National Guard of the archipelago of Puerto Rico which, together with the Puerto Rico Air National Guard, comprises the Puerto Rico National Guard. PRARNG is the ground-component of the Puerto Rico National Guard under control of the governor of Puerto Rico, currently Pedro Pierluisi, that performs missions equivalent to those of the Army National Guards of the different states of the United States, including ground defense, disaster relief, and control of civil unrest.
Brigadier General Salvador Teodoro Roig Marietti,, was the Superintendent of the Puerto Rico Police Department under the Government of Luis Muñoz Marín, and Adjutant General of the National Guard under the Government of Roberto Sánchez Vilella.
The 1st Air Support Group of the Puerto Rico State Guard (1ASG-PRSG) is the main unit of the State Guard of the Military Forces of Puerto Rico that operates under the sole authority of the governor of Puerto Rico who, in turn, delegates such authority to the Puerto Rico Adjutant General and to the Commanding General of the Puerto Rico State Guard.
References
Notes
↑ Vicens (2012; in Spanish): "Además, contamos con aproximadamente 1,500 soldados en el Comando Estatal, que le sirven voluntariamente al pueblo de Puerto Rico."[1]
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