Sacalia

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Sacalia
Sacalia quadriocellata.jpg
Sacalia quadriocellata
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Suborder: Cryptodira
Superfamily: Testudinoidea
Family: Geoemydidae
Subfamily: Geoemydinae
Genus: Sacalia
Gray, 1870 [1]

Sacalia is a genus of turtles in the family Geoemydidae (formerly called Bataguridae). The genus was erected by John Edward Gray in 1870. The Sacalia is native to Southereastern China, Laos, and Vietnam. It was declared an endangered species of turtle by the IUCN Red List due to its illegal trade. [2] The sacalia has a carapace of dark-brown color that permits it to camouflage to its habitat. They are believed to select the area of a river that better matches their color. [3]

Contents

Species

Two species are recognized. [1]

Hybridization

What was described as a new species, Sacalia pseudocellata, Chinese false-eyed turtle, is actually a hybrid of a male Cuora trifasciata and a female Sacalia quadriocellata. [4]

Related Research Articles

Geoemydidae Family of turtles

The Geoemydidae are one of the largest and most diverse families in the order Testudines (turtles), with about 70 species. The family includes the Eurasian pond and river turtles and Neotropical wood turtles.

Keeled box turtle Species of turtle

The keeled box turtle is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. The species is endemic to Asia.

Golden coin turtle Species of turtle

The golden coin turtle or Chinese three-striped box turtle is a species of turtle endemic to southern China.

Asian box turtle Genus of turtles

Asian box turtles are turtles of the genus Cuora in the family Geoemydidae. About 12 extant species are recognized. The keeled box turtle is often included in this genus, or separated in the monotypic genus Pyxidea. Genus Cuora is distributed from China to Indonesia and the Philippines, throughout mainland Southeast Asia, and into northern India and Bhutan.

Chinese box turtle Species of turtle

The Chinese box turtle, also known as the yellow-margined box turtle, or golden-headed turtle, is a species of Asian box turtle. Taxonomically, it is called Cuora flavomarginata.

Vietnamese pond turtle Species of turtle

The Vietnamese pond turtle or Annam leaf turtle is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae.

Four-eyed turtle Species of turtle

The four-eyed turtle is a reptile of the order Testudines. Its name refers to two bright yellow or green spots that occur on the back of its head that can look like another pair of eyes.

<i>Rafetus</i> Genus of turtles

Rafetus is a genus of highly endangered softshell turtles in the family Trionychidae. It is a genus of large turtles which are found in freshwater habitats in Asia.

Chinese pond turtle Species of turtle

Mauremys reevesii, commonly known as the Chinese pond turtle, the Chinese three-keeled pond turtle, or Reeves' turtle, is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae, a family which was formerly called Bataguridae. The species is endemic to Asia.

Yunnan box turtle Species of turtle

The Yunnan box turtle is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. It is believed to be endemic to Yunnan, China and was suspected to be extinct since the early 20th century; the last verified specimen was collected in 1940.

The Fujian pond turtle is a possibly also naturally occurring intergeneric hybrid turtle in the family Geoemydidae produced in larger numbers by Chinese turtle farms as a "copy" of the golden coin turtle Cuora trifasciata. It appears to occur in China and Vietnam. Before its actual origin became known, it was listed as data deficient in the IUCN Red List.

<i>Mauremys</i> Genus of turtles

Mauremys is a genus of turtles in the family Geoemydidae.

Yellow pond turtle Species of turtle

The yellow pond turtle, is a medium-sized, semi-aquatic turtle in the family Geoemydidae. This species has a characteristic broad yellow stripe extending behind the eye and down the neck; the carapace ranges in color from grayish brown to brown and the plastron is yellow or orange with black blotches along the outer edges. It is found in East Asia, ranging from central Vietnam and Laos, north through the coastal provinces of south and central China. Additional insular populations are found in Taiwan, Hainan and the Ryukyu Islands. The Japanese populations are believed to have been introduced as a result of imports from Taiwan.

Mauremys pritchardi is an interspecific hybrid turtle in the family Geoemydidae. M. pritchardi, described to be from Myanmar, has been found in the wild in China and Japan, and is produced to some extent in Chinese turtle farms. It was listed as data deficient in the IUCN Red List before its actual origin became known.

"Mauremys" glyphistoma is an hybrid turtle in the family Geoemydidae. Originally described as a new species supposedly endemic to Guangxi/China; it was classified as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List.

Chinese stripe-necked turtle Species of turtle

The Chinese stripe-necked turtle or golden thread turtle, is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae.

Beale's eyed turtle is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. The species is endemic to China.

The Chinese false-eyed turtle is a hybrid species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. It is a hybrid between a male golden coin turtle and a female four-eyed turtle. While formerly considered to be a wild type species believed to be originally from Hainan, it is now known only from pet trade type specimens.

Cuora serrata, originally described as Cuora galbinifrons serrata and later considered a distinct species, are hybrid turtles as shown by genetic studies. These hybrids are bred in the wild and were documented for the first time in the wild in 2005, but not in captivity as "novelty" pets as suggested by James Parham and Bryan Stuart, between the keeled box turtle and taxa of the Indochinese box turtle complex. Unnamed hybrids of several other Cuora taxa are also known, as are intergeneric hybrids like Mauremys iversoni, a hybrid between Cuora trifasciata and Mauremys mutica which are intentionally produced in Chinese turtle farms.

<i>Cyclemys</i> Genus of turtles

Cyclemys is a genus of freshwater turtles, commonly referred to as Asian leaf turtles, from the family Geoemydidae. The genus occurs throughout Southeast and South Asia, and currently contains seven species.

References

  1. 1 2 ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). www.itis.gov.
  2. Le, M., McCormack, T., Hoang, H., Duong, H., Nguyen, T., Ziegler, T., Nguyen, H., & Ngo, H. (2020). Threats from wildlife trade: The importance of genetic data in safeguarding the endangered Four-eyed Turtle (Sacalia quadriocellata). Nature Conservation, 41(2), 91–111. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.41.54661
  3. Xiao, F., Yang, C., Shi, H., Wang, J., Sun, L., & Lin, L. (2016). Background matching and camouflage efficiency predict population density in four-eyed turtle (Sacalia quadriocellata). Behavioural Processes, 131, 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2016.08.007
  4. Stuart, Bryan L. & Parham, James F. (2007). "Recent hybrid origin of three rare Chinese turtles". Conservation Genetics. 8 (1): 169-175.

Further reading