Vietnamese pond turtle

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Vietnamese pond turtle
Mauremys annamensis.JPG
CITES Appendix I (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Suborder: Cryptodira
Superfamily: Testudinoidea
Family: Geoemydidae
Genus: Mauremys
Species:
M. annamensis
Binomial name
Mauremys annamensis
(Siebenrock, 1903)
LocationVietnamQuangNam.png
Synonyms [3]
  • Cyclemys annamensisSiebenrock, 1903
  • Cuora (Cyclemys) annamensisBourret, 1927
  • Annamemys merkleniBourret, 1939
  • Annamemys annamensisSavage, 1953
  • Annamemys mekleniTien, 1957 ( ex errore )
  • Mauremys annamensisIverson & McCord, 1994
  • Annamemys annamemysHighfield, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Cathaiemys annamensisVetter, 2006

The Vietnamese pond turtle or Annam leaf turtle (Mauremys annamensis) is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae.

It can be distinguished from its relatives by its color pattern: the head is dark with three or four yellow stripes down the side. The plastron (belly shield) is firmly attached, yellow or orange, with a black blotch on each scute. [4]

Endemic to a small area in central Vietnam, [4] it was reportedly abundant in the 1930s, but all field surveys after 1941 had failed to locate any individuals in the wild. [5] As it was occasionally seen traded as food, it was not yet extinct in the wild however. [6]

In 2006, a wild population of M. annamensis was found near Hội An in Quảng Nam Province. [5] Despite its rarity, specimens have been observed for sale in China and Hong Kong, and have been illicitly imported into the USA. A small number are being captive-bred on Hainan Island in southern China, [6] as well as at the Cuc Phuong Turtle Conservation Center located in Cúc Phương National Park in northern Vietnam. [7] The species is nonetheless close to extinction in the wild, as illegal hunting seems to continue. Reintroduction programmes of captive bred specimens are currently in progress. [8]

Hybridization with other Geoemydidae genera is known to occur. The species has produced hybrids with the Malayan box turtle in captivity. In addition, the supposed new species Ocadia glyphistoma has turned out to be the offspring of a male Chinese stripe-necked turtle and a female of the present species; it might have been taken from the wild or also have been captive-bred. Captive Vietnamese pond turtles - which are occasionally available to experienced hobbyists, under the auspices of the IUCN-coordinated captive-breeding program - must therefore never be housed with related species. [9] Hybridization in the wild would not seem to constitute a major threat, as the two parent species of "Ocadia" × glyphistoma are not closely related, and the hybrids are thus likely to be sterile. However, with a species as rare as the Vietnamese pond turtle, more research into this issue is certainly necessary.

Related Research Articles

Geoemydidae Family of turtles

The Geoemydidae are one of the largest and most diverse families in the order Testudines (turtles), with about 70 species. The family includes the Eurasian pond and river turtles and Neotropical wood turtles.

Amboina box turtle Species of turtle

The Amboina box turtle or Southeast Asian box turtle is a species of Asian box turtle.

Oldhams leaf turtle Species of turtle

Oldham's leaf turtle is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae.

Golden coin turtle Species of turtle

The golden coin turtle or Chinese three-striped box turtle is a species of turtle endemic to southern China.

Asian box turtle Genus of turtles

Asian box turtles are turtles of the genus Cuora in the family Geoemydidae. About 12 extant species are recognized. The keeled box turtle is often included in this genus, or separated in the monotypic genus Pyxidea. Genus Cuora is distributed from China to Indonesia and the Philippines, throughout mainland Southeast Asia, and into northern India and Bhutan.

Indochinese box turtle Species of turtle

The Indochinese box turtle, Vietnamese box turtle, or flowerback box turtle is a species of Asian box turtles from China, northern and central Vietnam, Laos, and possibly northeastern Cambodia. It is found in high altitude woodland where it tends to hide in the undergrowth. There is considerable confusion as to the taxonomy of this species with several subspecies being recognised by some authorities. and not by others. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as "critically endangered".

Cúc Phương National Park National park in Vietnam

Cúc Phương National Park is located in Ninh Bình Province, in Vietnam's Red River Delta. Cuc Phuong was Vietnam's first national park and is the country's largest nature reserve. The park is one of the most important sites for biodiversity in Vietnam.

Four-eyed turtle Species of turtle

The four-eyed turtle is a reptile of the order Testudines. Its name refers to two bright yellow or green spots that occur on the back of its head that can look like another pair of eyes.

Chinese pond turtle Species of turtle

Mauremys reevesii, commonly known as the Chinese pond turtle, the Chinese three-keeled pond turtle, or Reeves' turtle, is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae, a family which was formerly called Bataguridae. The species is native to East Asia.

Ryukyu black-breasted leaf turtle Species of turtle

The Ryukyu black-breasted leaf turtle or Ryukyu leaf turtle, Geoemyda japonica, is a species of turtles in the family Geoemydidae endemic to the Ryukyu Islands in Japan. In 1975, the species was designated a National Natural Monument of Japan. It grows to about 5–6 inches long. In captivity, it feeds on worms, snails, insects, and fruit. Due to its rarity and very attractive appearance, this species is highly coveted by turtle collectors worldwide.

The Fujian pond turtle is a possibly also naturally occurring intergeneric hybrid turtle in the family Geoemydidae produced in larger numbers by Chinese turtle farms as a "copy" of the golden coin turtle Cuora trifasciata. It appears to occur in China and Vietnam. Before its actual origin became known, it was listed as data deficient in the IUCN Red List.

<i>Mauremys</i> Genus of turtles

Mauremys is a genus of turtles in the family Geoemydidae.

Japanese pond turtle Species of turtle

The Japanese pond turtle is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae endemic to Japan. Its Japanese name is nihon ishigame, Japanese stone turtle. Its population has decreased somewhat due to habitat loss, but it is not yet considered a threatened species.

Yellow pond turtle Species of turtle

The yellow pond turtle, is a medium-sized, semi-aquatic turtle in the family Geoemydidae. This species has a characteristic broad yellow stripe extending behind the eye and down the neck; the carapace ranges in color from grayish brown to brown and the plastron is yellow or orange with black blotches along the outer edges. It is native to East Asia, ranging from central Vietnam and Laos, north through the coastal provinces of south and central China, with insular populations known from Taiwan, Hainan and the Ryukyu Islands. Although populations in the southern Ryukyus are thought to be native, populations in the northern and central Ryukyus, as well as central Japan, are believed to have been introduced as a result of imports from Taiwan.

Mauremys pritchardi is an interspecific hybrid turtle in the family Geoemydidae. M. pritchardi, described to be from Myanmar, has been found in the wild in China and Japan, and is produced to some extent in Chinese turtle farms. It was listed as data deficient in the IUCN Red List before its actual origin became known.

"Mauremys" glyphistoma is an hybrid turtle in the family Geoemydidae. Originally described as a new species supposedly endemic to Guangxi/China; it was classified as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List.

Chinese stripe-necked turtle Species of turtle

The Chinese stripe-necked turtle or golden thread turtle, is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae.

The Chinese false-eyed turtle is a hybrid species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. It is a hybrid between a male golden coin turtle and a female four-eyed turtle. While formerly considered to be a wild type species believed to be originally from Hainan, it is now known only from pet trade type specimens.

Cuora serrata, originally described as Cuora galbinifrons serrata and later considered a distinct species, are hybrid turtles as shown by genetic studies. These hybrids are bred in the wild and were documented for the first time in the wild in 2005, but not in captivity as "novelty" pets as suggested by James Parham and Bryan Stuart, between the keeled box turtle and taxa of the Indochinese box turtle complex. Unnamed hybrids of several other Cuora taxa are also known, as are intergeneric hybrids like Mauremys iversoni, a hybrid between Cuora trifasciata and Mauremys mutica which are intentionally produced in Chinese turtle farms.

<i>Cyclemys</i> Genus of turtles

Cyclemys is a genus of freshwater turtles, commonly referred to as Asian leaf turtles, from the family Geoemydidae. The genus occurs throughout Southeast and South Asia, and currently contains seven species.

References

  1. McCormack, T.; van Dijk, P.P.; Roberton, S.; Dawson, J.E. (2020). "Mauremys annamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12876A182354172. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12876A182354172.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 228. ISSN   1864-5755. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-01. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  4. 1 2 Asian Turtle Network: Mauremys annamensis. Version of August, 2006. Retrieved 9 December 2006.
  5. 1 2 Asian Turtle Network: Mauremys annamensis recorded in natural habitat after 65 years. Version of 2006-DEC-07. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
  6. 1 2 IUCN: Inclusion of Annam Pond Turtle Annamemys (Mauremys) annamensis in Appendix II. Retrieved 9 December 2006. Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  7. Asian Turtle Network: Cuc Phuong Turtle Conservation Center and by IUCN-affiliated breeders. Retrieved 9 December 2006.
  8. "Blijdorp maakt het verschil". 2018-01-28.
  9. Parham et al. (2001), Buskirk et al. (2005).