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The Sarbat Khalsa of 1986 was one congregation of the Guru Khalsa Panth, including the Damdami Taksal, Akal Takht, Panthic Committee (Manochahal), Panthic Committee (Zaffarwal), Kharku Sikhs, Tarna Dal (Hariabelan), Tarna Dal (Baba Bakala), Bidhi Chand Dal and the Shiromani Budha Dal. [1] [ additional citation(s) needed ]
The Sarbat Khalsa was declared on 16 January 1986 by the Damdami Taksal and the Kharku organizations. [2] On 19 January, Surjit Singh Barnala's Barnala Jatha along with the Punjab Police attacked the Golden Temple, and 200 shots were fired in the complex towards them and away from them. [3] Afterwards far more support had arrived for the Sarbat Khalsa, they occupied the offices of the Damdami Taksal.[ citation needed ] On 20 January they were expelled by the Kharkus at gunpoint. [4] The Sarbat Khalsa's official date was 13 April 1986, on Vaisakhi.[ citation needed ]
The Sarbat Khalsa was hosted by the Panj Pyare who went as the Panthic Committee. They were Jathedar Gurdev Singh Kaunke, Baba Gurbachan Singh Manochahal, Karnail Dhanna Singh, Jarnail Aroor Singh and Jarnail Wassan Singh Zaffarwal. [5] During the Sarbat Khalsa an official declaration of Khalistan was made and the War for Khalistan against the Indian and Pakistani Governments was announced to the congregation of 600,000 Sikh. [6] Further an official army to fight for Khalistan was created. It was the Khalistan Commando Force. [7] The dissolution of the SGPC was also announced. [8]
The Shiromani Akali Dal held a Sarbat Khalsa in Anandpur Sahib in protest to the Sarbat Khalsa in Amritsar and the Mahimanas (guests) included Bibi Bimal Kaur Khalsa, Sant Thakur Singh Bhindranwale and Simranjit Singh Mann. [9] After the Panj Pyare and the Mahimanas met and devised a plan for the betterment of the Guru Khalsa Panth and Sikh Qaum, all their Gurmattas were announced on loudspeaker to the entire congregation by Baba Gurbachan Singh Manochahal.[ citation needed ] Generally all Sikhs wore Kesri turbans; the color of violent youth and Kharku Culture along with long Kirpans along with a few guns and other weapons. [10] [ unreliable source? ]
After the Gurmata came of the declaration of the Khalistan Liberation War and the Khalistan Confederacy the entire GurSangat was made to oblige to them, they gave Jaikaras and raised their swords and guns in the air in celebration. [11] Multiple new war cries also came up such as "Bhindranwale Sant Sipahi, Sarkar ko kare Jhatkai" and "Beant Satwant Zindabad". [12] They also declared the Tankhaiya of Jathedar Santa Singh Nihang, and Jathedar Amrik Singh Nihang was made the new Jathedar of the Budha Dal. [13] Jathedar Kirpal Singh was also boycotted from the Akal Takht. [14] There was also a formation of four Panthic Committees, the Panthic Committee (Manochahal), Dooja Panthic Committee, Panthic Committee (Zaffarwal) and Panthic Committee (Babbar). They also declared rebuilding of the Akal Takht and destroyed the earlier structure, due to the earlier one being done by the Indian Government and was known as the 'Sarkar Takht'. Behind the Akal Takht the Sikhs did a 22 gun salute, one more than the President's gun salute, to show their dominance over India. [15] [16] [17]
After the Sarbat Khalsa, Operation Search was conducted on the 30 April 1986, they found no militants and one policeman was killed. They were only able to find one .12 bore shotgun and two Mausers. [18]
The Khalistan movement is a separatist movement seeking to create a homeland for Sikhs by establishing an ethno‐religious sovereign state called Khalistan in the Punjab region. The proposed boundaries of Khalistan vary between different groups; some suggest the entirety of the Sikh-majority Indian state of Punjab, while larger claims include Pakistani Punjab and other parts of North India such as Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Shimla and Lahore have been proposed as the capital of Khalistan.
Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale was a Sikh militant. He was the leading figure of the Khalistan movement, although he did not personally advocate for a separate Sikh nation.
The Damdamī Ṭaksāl, also sometimes referred to as Giani Samparda, Jatha Bhindra(n), or Sampardai Bhindra(n) is an orthodox Khalsa Sikh cultural and educational organization, based in India. They are known for their teachings of vidya as well as gurbanisanthiya. Its headquarters are located in the town of Mehta Chowk, approximately 40 km north of the city of Amritsar. It has been described as a seminary or “moving university” of the Sikh countryside.
The Akal Takht is one of five takhts of the Sikhs. It is located in the Darbar Sahib complex in Amritsar, Punjab, India. The Akal Takht was built by Guru Hargobind as a place of justice and consideration of temporal issues; the highest seat of earthly authority of the Khalsa and the place of the Jathedar, the highest spokesman of the Sikhs.
Sarbat Khalsa, was a biannual deliberative assembly of the Sikhs held at Amritsar in Punjab during the 18th century. It literally translates to the "entire Sikh Nation" but as a political institution it refers to the meetings of the Dal Khalsa and the legislature of the Sikh Confederacy.
A Gurmata, alternatively romanized as Gurumatta, is an order upon a subject that affects the fundamental principles of Sikh religion and is binding upon all Sikhs. Gurmata is similar to Fatwa in the Muslim tradition with a difference that Fatwa is not binding on all Muslims while Gurmata is binding on all Khalsa, however it is not binding on non-Khalsa Sikhs. Gurmatas were used in the 18th century to refer to the resolutions passed by the Sarbat Khalsa, a large gathering of esteemed Sikhs.
Amrik Singh was the President of the All India Sikh Students Federation. He was killed in the Indian Army's operation on the Golden Temple on June 6, 1984.
The Khalistan movement is a separatist movement seeking to create a homeland for Sikhs by establishing a Punjabi Sikh nation state called Khalistan in the Punjab and this is a page that depicts Khalistani militant and paramilitary groups.
The Rashtriya Sikh Sangat is an India-based Sikh affiliate of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)
Jagtar Singh Hawara is a high level member of Babbar Khalsa who is currently serving life imprisonment at Tihar Jail. He was convicted as a conspirator in the assassination of 12th Chief Minister of Punjab, Beant Singh.
The Dharam Yuddh Morcha was a political movement launched on 4 August 1982, by the Akali Dal in partnership with Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, with its stated aim being the fulfillment of a set of devolutionary objectives based on the Anandpur Sahib Resolution.
Gurbachan Singh Manochahal was Jathedar of Akal Takhat Sahib who founded the Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan in 1984.
Giani Gurbachan Singh is a Sikh preacher who served as the jathedar of the Akal Takht from 2008 to 2018.
Pashaura Singh (1928–2008) also known as Santa Singh or to Nihang Sikhs as Jathedar Akali Baba Santa Singh Ji Nihang 96 Crori was the 13th Jathedar of Budha Dal, succeeding Akali Chet Singh.
The Jathedar of the Akal Takht is the head of the Akal Takht and head of the Sikhs worldwide. The jathedar has the de facto power as the supreme spokesperson of the Khalsa to summon, trial and sentence any person who identifies as a Sikh from the Akal Takht.
Gurdev Singh Kaunke was a Sikh priest who served as the acting Jathedar of the Akal Takht from 1986 to 1993.
Bhai Ranjit Singh Dhandrian Wala is a preacher of Sikhism.
The Sarbat Khalsa of 2015 was held on November 10, 2015, in Chabba village on the outskirts of Amritsar, with the purpose to strengthen all Sikh institutions and traditions. As many as 550,000 to over 600,000 Sikhs from around the world attended the event. A few Sikh organizations in support of the Shiromani Akali Dal did not attend the event and refused to recognize the resolutions passed. The event was also opposed by Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal and his Party Akali dal. But Few Sikh organizations supported to Sarbat Khalsa attended the event and recognized the resolutions passed. The event was called by Simranjit Singh Mann and Mohkam Singh, leaders of Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar) and United Akali Dal respectively. The Sikh congregation passed 13 resolutions to be implemented.
Sukhwinder Singh Sangha was a Sikh Kharku and head of a faction of Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan. Sangha was a popular Kharku, known for his help of civilians. He was awarded the title of the "20th-century Hari Singh Nalwa" by Damdami Taksal and other Sikh Jathas.
On October 3, 1986, Kharkus of Khalistan Commando Force, a Kharku group led by Labh Singh, made an attempt on the life of Director General of Police in Punjab Julio Ribeiro in Jalandhar within the Punjab Armored Police headquarters. Ribeiro was wounded in the attack along with his wife. Ribeiro's wounds were minor, but his wife was hospitalized. 2 officers were killed and 2 were seriously wounded in the attack. All the attackers escaped unhurt.
