Scomber

Scomber Temporal range: 34–0  Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Late Eocene/Early Oligocene to present [1]
Scomber scombrus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Scombriformes
Family:	Scombridae
Tribe:	Scombrini
Genus:	Scomber Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758
Species
See text

Scomber is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Scombridae living in the open ocean found in Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. ^[2] The genus Scomber and the genus Rastrelliger comprise the tribe Scombrini, known as the "true mackerels". These fishes have an elongated body, highly streamlined, muscular and agile. The eyes are large, the head is elongated, with a big mouth provided with teeth. They have two triangular dorsal fins, with some stabilizing fins along the caudal peduncle. The basic color is blue-green with a silvery white belly and a darker back, usually black mottled.

Species

There are currently 5 recognized species in this genus:

• Scomber australasicus G. Cuvier, 1832 (Blue mackerel)
• Scomber colias J. F. Gmelin, 1789 (Atlantic chub mackerel)
• Scomber indicus E. M. Abdussamad, Sukumaran & Ratheesh, 2016 (Indian chub mackerel) ^[3]
• Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (Chub mackerel)
• Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic mackerel)

Fossil record

Fossils of this genus are found from the Oligocene to the Pleistocene (33.9 to 1.806 million years ago). They are known from various localities of Europe, Siberia, Japan, Iran, and the western United States. The following fossil species are known: ^{[4] [5] [6]}

• † Scomber antiquus Heckel in Heckel & Kner, 1861 - Miocene of Italy
• † Scomber calabrensis Landini & Bannikov, 1983 - Pliocene of Italy
• † Scomber chitaensis Ohe, 1993 - Middle Miocene of Aichi, Japan
• † Scomber collettei Bannikov & Erebakan, 2022 - lowermost Middle Miocene of the Krasnodar Region. ^[7]
• † Scomber cubanicus Daniltshenko, 1960 - Upper Oligocene of Krasnodar Territory (Russia), as well as Azerbaijan ^[8]
• † Scomber gnarus Bannikov, 1979 - Early Miocene of North Caucasus (Russia), Azerbaijan and Crimea (Ukraine)
• † Scomber priscus Gorjanovic-Kramberger, 1882 - Miocene of Serbia
• † Scomber nomurai Niino, 1951 - ?Miocene of Gunma, Japan
• † Scomber saadii Arambourg, 1967 - Late Eocene ^[9] /Early Oligocene of Iran
• † Scomber sanctaemonicae (Jordan, 1919) - Late Miocene of California, USA
• † Scomber susedanus Steindachner, 1860 - Miocene of Croatia
• † Scomber voitestii Paucă, 1929 - Middle Oligocene of the Carpathian menilite slates, in Romania, Ukraine and Hungary ^[10]
• S. sp. "A" - Early Oligocene of Germany ^[11]
• S. sp. - Middle-Upper Miocene of the Kurasi Formation on Sakhalin. ^[5]

References

1. Sepkoski, J. J. Jr (2002): A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 363: 1-560.
2. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Scomber". FishBase . June 2016 version.
3. Abdussamad, E.M., Sukumaran, S., Ratheesh, A.K.O., Koya, K.M., Koya, K.P.S., Rohit, P., Reader, S., Akhilesh, K.V. & Gopalakrishnan, A. (2016): Scomber indicus, a new species of mackerel (Scombridae: Scombrini) from Eastern Arabian Sea. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 63 (3): 1-10.
4. Paleobiology Database: Fossilworks: Scomber Linnaeus, 1758.
5. Nazarkin, M.V.; Bannikov, A.F. (2014-06-25). "Fossil mackerel (Actinopterygii: Scombridae: Scomber) from the Neogene of South-Western Sakhalin, Russia". Zoosystematica Rossica. 23 (1): 158–163. doi:10.31610/zsr/2014.23.1.158. ISSN   2410-0226.
6. Monsch, Kenneth A.; Bannikov, Alexandre F. (2011). "New taxonomic synopses and revision of the scombroid fishes (Scombroidei, Perciformes), including billfishes, from the Cenozoic of territories of the former USSR". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 102 (4): 253–300. Bibcode:2011EESTR.102..253M. doi:10.1017/S1755691011010085. ISSN   1755-6910.
7. Bannikov, A. F.; Erebakan, I. G. (2022-10-01). "A New Species of Mackerel (Scomber, Scombroidei) from the Tarkhanian (Lowermost Middle Miocene) of the Northwestern Caucasus". Paleontological Journal. 56 (5): 574–582. Bibcode:2022PalJ...56..574B. doi:10.1134/S0031030122050057. ISSN   1555-6174. S2CID   252717563.
8. Danil£chenko, P. G. (1967). Bony Fishes of the Maikop Deposits of the Caucasus: Kostistye Ryby Maĭkopskikh Otlozheniĭ Kavkaza. Israel Program for Scientific Translations [available from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va.] pp. 161–163.
9. Bannikov, A. F.; Erebakan, I. G. (2023-10-01). "On the Evolution of Some Groups of Marine Bony Fishes in the Cenozoic of the Tethys and Paratethys". Paleontological Journal. 57 (5): 475–490. Bibcode:2023PalJ...57..475B. doi:10.1134/S0031030123050015. ISSN   1555-6174.
10. Danil£chenko, P. G. (1967). Bony Fishes of the Maikop Deposits of the Caucasus: Kostistye Ryby Maĭkopskikh Otlozheniĭ Kavkaza. Israel Program for Scientific Translations [available from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va.] p. 185.
11. Micklich, Norbert (1998-01-01). "New information on the fishfauna of the Frauenweiler fossil site". Italian Journal of Zoology. 65 (sup1): 169–184. doi:10.1080/11250009809386809. ISSN   1125-0003.