Domestic club rugby union within Scotland remains a predominantly amateur sport; however, semi-professional and professional outfits have been created in recent decades to participate in cross-border competitions.
With the advent of professionalism in 1995 the Scottish Rugby Union, just like the Irish Rugby Football Union, decided that existing club sides would be unable to compete with their counterparts in new cross-border tournaments such as the European Cup and Celtic League. It was decided by the Scottish Rugby Union that new professional teams would be created based on the union's four historic geographical districts and building upon the legacy/vehicle of the Scottish Inter-District Championship:
Team | Representing District | Home Base | Professionally Active |
---|---|---|---|
Border Reivers | South | Galashiels | 1996–1998 and 2002–2007 |
Caledonia Reds | North and Midlands | Aberdeen and Perth | 1996–1998 |
Edinburgh | Edinburgh District | Edinburgh | 1996–Present |
Glasgow Warriors | Glasgow District | Glasgow | 1996–Present |
The North and Midlands side was a de facto district based on the combination of The North and Midlands districts.
The Scottish League Championship is the annual domestic league structure competed for by over 150 clubs at both national and regional levels.
Prior to restructuring in 2010, there were six national leagues - three divisions in the Premiership, and three in the National League - above the Regional Leagues. Further restructuring before the 2014-15 season scrapped the regional Championship A & B leagues which sat below the National League for two seasons. The current structure is:
Level | League(s)/Division(s) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Scottish Premiership | |||||
2 | Scottish National League Division One | |||||
3 | Scottish National League Division Two | |||||
4 | Scottish National League Division Three | |||||
5 | Caledonia Regional League Division One | East Regional League Division One | West League Division One | |||
6 | Caledonia Regional League Division Two Midlands | Caledonia Regional League Division Two North | East Regional League Division Two | West Regional League Division Two | ||
7 | Caledonia Regional League Division Two Midlands | Caledonia Regional League Division Two North | West Regional League Division Three |
The Scottish Cup was introduced in 1995 as a complementary knock-out cup competition. Though the structure of the cup has been changed numerous times it is currently contested by all National League clubs in the first round, with Premiership teams being added in the second and third rounds. The main cup competition is supplemented by regional shield and bowl competitions which all culminate in a 'Finals Day' at Murrayfield Stadium.
During the 2006-07 season an extra cup competition (The Scottish SuperCup) was introduced to replace the loss of fixtures in the Premiership due to league restricting. With the reversal of this restriction the following season the cup became redundant and was abandoned after a single season.
For the 2009-10 season a new cross-border tournament was introduced, the British and Irish Cup which would contain semi-professional clubs from the four home nations. Originally Scotland was represented by three sides but with restricting this has increased to four, who are determined by final positions in the League Championship.
Scotland is also home to the oldest organised rugby union league in the world, the Border League, which was formed in 1901. The Border League does not take part in the pyramid structure to the National League, but all of its clubs play in both. Two small independent leagues remain, with only a handful of members: the Grampian Alliance League and the Highland Alliance League. For university and 2nd and 3rd XV leagues, see University Leagues in Scotland and 2nd XV Leagues in Scotland.
There are a small number of women's leagues in operation - see University Leagues in Scotland and SWRU League.
Premiership Rugby, officially known as Gallagher Premiership Rugby, or the Gallagher Premiership for sponsorship reasons, is an English professional rugby union competition, consisting of 10 clubs, and is the top division of the English rugby union system.
The Rugby Football Union (RFU) is the national governing body for rugby union in England. It was founded in 1871, and was the sport's international governing body prior to the formation of what is now known as World Rugby (WR) in 1886. It promotes and runs the sport, organises international matches for the England national team, and educates and trains players and officials.
Worcester Warriors Rugby Football Club was a professional rugby union club founded in 1871 that played in the top division of the sport in England, Premiership Rugby.
The Welsh Premier Division, known for sponsorship reasons as the Indigo Group Premiership, is a rugby union league in Wales first implemented by the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) for the 1990–91 season.
Rugby union in Scotland is a popular team sport. Scotland's national side today competes in the annual Six Nations Championship and the Rugby World Cup. The first ever international rugby match was played on 27 March 1871, at Raeburn Place in Edinburgh, when Scotland defeated England in front of 4,000 people. Professional clubs compete in the United Rugby Championship, European Rugby Champions Cup and European Rugby Challenge Cup, while the Scottish League Championship exists for over 200 amateur and semi-professional clubs, as does a knock-out competition, the Scottish Cup. The governing body, the Scottish Rugby Union (SRU), is one of the ten first-tier member nations of World Rugby.
The Shute Shield, currently known as the Charter Hall Shute Shield, is a semi-professional rugby union competition in Sydney, Australia. It is the premier club competition in New South Wales. The Shute Shield is awarded to the winning team from the Sydney premiership grand final held at the end of the club rugby season.
The Scottish National League Division One is the second tier of the Scottish League Championship for amateur rugby union clubs in Scotland.
Rugby union in England is one of the leading professional and recreational team sports. In 1871 the Rugby Football Union, the governing body for rugby union in England, was formed by 21 rugby clubs, and the first international match, which involved England, was played in Scotland. The England national team compete annually in the Six Nations Championship, and are former world champions after winning the 2003 Rugby World Cup. The top domestic men's club competition is Premiership Rugby, and English clubs also compete in international competitions such as the European Rugby Champions Cup. The top domestic women's competition is the Premier 15s.
Old Albanian Rugby Football Club (OAs) is a rugby union club based in St Albans, Hertfordshire, England. The club currently play in National League 2 East.
The British rugby league system is based on a five-tier structure administered by the Rugby Football League.
Men's Rugby union in England consists of 106 leagues, which includes professional leagues at the highest level, down to amateur regional leagues. Promotion and relegation are in place throughout the system.
The Scottish Premiership is the highest level of amateur league competition for Scottish rugby union clubs. First held in 1973, it is the top division of the Scottish League Championship. The most recent (2024) champions are the Currie Chieftains, who are also the youngest club to win the competition. The most successful club is Hawick, who have won the competition thirteen times.
The Scottish National League is an amateur league competition for rugby union clubs in Scotland. It forms the 2nd tier of the Scottish League Championship.
The Scottish Regional Leagues are the lowest levels of the Scottish rugby union system. They consist of three regions:
The Scottish National League Division Two is the third tier of the Scottish League Championship for amateur rugby union clubs in Scotland.
The RFU Championship is an English rugby union competition comprising eleven clubs. It is the second level of men's English rugby and is played by both professional and semi-professional players. The competition has existed since 1987, when English clubs were first organised into leagues.
Gordonians RFC is a rugby union team based in Aberdeen, Scotland, founded in 1904. They take their name from the fact that they were originally the former pupils' club for Robert Gordon's College in the city. The team currently fields two squads. The 1st XV currently competes in the Scottish National League Division 2, the third tier of Scottish rugby. The 2nd XV is nicknamed the "Jolly Boys" and competes in the Caledonia North 2 league. The club also runs a youth division known as the Gordonian Pelicans.
England has a comprehensive league structure in place, including national fully professional leagues to amateur regional leagues.
Harrogate Rugby Union Football Club is an English rugby union club based in Harrogate, North Yorkshire. The club runs four senior sides. The first team play in National League 2 North, a tier 4 league, following their promotion from Regional 1 North East at the end of the 2023–24 season. The second team, Harrogate Georgians, play in the Yorkshire RFU Merit Premiership and the third team play in the Yorkshire RFU 2 Central/North Merit League. The club also fields a ladies' team completing the four senior teams in the RFUW Championship, and eight junior teams.