Selenium oxydichloride

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Selenium oxydichloride
Seleninyl chloride.png
Structure of the selenium oxydichloride molecule SeOCl2pyramidal.png
Structure of the selenium oxydichloride molecule
3D model of the selenium oxydichloride molecule Selenium-oxydichloride-3D-vdW.png
3D model of the selenium oxydichloride molecule
Names
IUPAC name
Selenium oxychloride
Other names
Seleninyl chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.313 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 232-244-0
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • VS7000000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/Cl2OSe/c1-4(2)3 X mark.svgN
    Key: LIRMPIXWGWLNND-UHFFFAOYSA-N X mark.svgN
  • InChI=1/Cl2OSe/c1-4(2)3
    Key: LIRMPIXWGWLNND-UHFFFAOYAX
  • O=[Se](Cl)Cl
Properties
SeOCl2
Molar mass 165.87 g/mol
Appearancecolorless liquid
Density 2.43 g/cm3, liquid
Melting point 10.9 °C (51.6 °F; 284.0 K)
Boiling point 177.2 °C (351.0 °F; 450.3 K)
1.651 (20 °C)
Structure
trigonal pyramidal
Hazards
GHS labelling: [1]
GHS-pictogram-acid.svg GHS-pictogram-skull.svg GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg
Warning
H301, H314, H331, H373, H410
P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P314, P321, P330, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
3
0
1
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
2 mg/kg (rabbit, dermal) [2]
Related compounds
Related compounds
 SOCl2, POCl3
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Selenium oxydichloride is the inorganic compound with the formula SeOCl2. It is a colorless liquid. With a high dielectric constant (55) and high specific conductance, it is an attractive solvent. Structurally, it is a close chemical relative of thionyl chloride SOCl2, being a pyramidal molecule.

Contents

Preparation and reactions

Selenium oxydichloride can be prepared by several methods, and a common one involves the conversion of selenium dioxide to dichloroselenious acid followed by dehydration: [3]

SeO2 + 2 HCl → Se(OH)2Cl2
Se(OH)2Cl2 → SeOCl2 + H2O

The original synthesis involved the redistribution reaction of selenium dioxide and selenium tetrachloride.

Pure selenium oxydichloride autoionizes to a dimer: [4]

SeOCl2 ↔ (SeO)2Cl+
3 + Cl−

The SeOCl2 is generally a labile Lewis acid and solutions of sulfur trioxide in SeOCl2 likely form [SeOCl]+[SO3Cl]− the same way. [5]

The compound hydrolyzes readily to form hydrogen chloride and selenium dioxide,[ citation needed ] and very few organic compounds dissolve in it without reaction. At elevated temperatures, it is a strong oxidizer, yielding a chloride, selenium dioxide, and diselenium dichloride. [6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Selenium oxychloride". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
  2. ↑ "Selenium compounds (as Se)". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ↑ Smith, G. B. L.; Jackson, Julius (1950). "Selenium(IV) Oxychloride". Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 3. pp. 130–137. doi:10.1002/9780470132340.ch34. ISBN   9780470132340.{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  4. ↑ Audrieth & Kleinberg 1953, p. 237.
  5. ↑ Audrieth & Kleinberg 1953, pp. 239–242.
  6. ↑ Audrieth, Ludwig F.; Kleinberg, Jacob (1953). Non-aqueous solvents. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 235–6. LCCN   52-12057.
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