St Margaret's Church, Rottingdean

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St Margaret, Rottingdean
St Margaret's Church, The Green, Rottingdean (NHLE Code 1381000) (December 2016) (3).jpg
The church from the southwest
St Margaret's Church, Rottingdean
50°48′24″N0°03′27″W / 50.8068°N 0.0575°W / 50.8068; -0.0575 Coordinates: 50°48′24″N0°03′27″W / 50.8068°N 0.0575°W / 50.8068; -0.0575
Denomination Church of England
Website www.stmargaret.org.uk
History
Dedication Margaret of Antioch
Administration
Province Canterbury
Diocese Chichester
Archdeaconry Chichester
Deanery Rural Deanery of Brighton
Parish Rottingdean, St Margaret
Clergy
Vicar(s) Revd Dr Anthony Moore
Laity
Organist(s) Jonathan Hodgson
Churchwarden(s) Heather Butler, Dawn Davidson

St Margaret's Church is an Anglican church in the village of Rottingdean, in the city of Brighton and Hove, England. It is the parish church of Rottingdean, which became part of the former Borough of Brighton in 1928. [1] Parts of the structure date from the 13th century, and it is a Grade II* listed building. [2]

Contents

History

The church is in the northeastern corner of the Green, the ancient heart of Rottingdean. A place of worship has stood in the position since the Saxon period, [1] although there is disagreement over whether any part of the current structure is of Saxon origin. The Normans started building a cruciform church in the early 12th century, but its tower (located on the site of the Saxon building's chancel) collapsed during construction, destroying the new chancel and the transept, although the nave survived. [1] By the early 13th century the chancel had been rebuilt and the nave extended by four bays. These were added to the south aisle, but this fell out of use after 1377 when the church and surrounding buildings were sacked by French invaders who had landed on the coast nearby. Damage to the west wall necessitated rebuilding at the same time, and the south aisle was blocked up. [3]

The church remained structurally unaltered until a major restoration in 1856 by Sir George Gilbert Scott. A new three-bay south aisle was built; Scott removed an ancient window from the original aisle and built it into one of the new walls. The chancel wall was also partly rebuilt at this time. [3] Earlier in the 19th century, box pews and a gallery were added; Scott removed the gallery during his restoration. [4]

Window by Burne-Jones Burne Jones Rottingdean1.jpg
Window by Burne-Jones

Additions in the 20th century comprised a porch at the west entrance, erected in 1908, and vestries in one corner of the nave, added in the 1970s in a style appropriate to the mediaeval architectural style of the church. This was designed by the Brighton-based architecture firm Denman & Son. [3] A new gallery, at the west end of the nave and accommodating the organ, was also built in 1908; the original gallery had been on the south side. The bowl of the original Norman font was discovered in the vicarage garden; a replica was made in 1910, and the original bowl was displayed in the church. [2] [4]

Lucy Ridsdale, daughter of Edward Ridsdale of The Dene, a house on the village green, married Stanley Baldwin in the church in 1892. He later served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on three occasions. The Baldwins donated a chair to the church in 1942; this stands in the chancel. [5]

Sir Edward Burne-Jones, who designed many of the stained-glass windows in the church, lived at a house on the village green for 18 years until his death in 1898. He was the uncle of author and poet Rudyard Kipling, who moved to a nearby house (The Elms) in 1897. Kipling wrote many of the Just So Stories during his time there. [5] [6]

In the early 20th century, a proposal was received from the developers of the Forest Lawn Memorial Park, a private cemetery in Glendale, California. They wanted to buy the church, dismantle it stone by stone, ship it to the United States and rebuild it in the park. A price was offered, but the sale was refused, so in the 1940s a series of drawings were made, and an exact replica was built instead. [1] [7] [8] This was called the Church of the Recessional to commemorate Kipling's poem "Recessional". [9]

Architecture

The west end and entrance St Margaret's Church, Rottingdean.jpg
The west end and entrance

The church is built of flint, with stone dressings and a tiled roof. Although the 19th-century work by Scott also used flint, its pattern is more even than the random distribution seen in the original walls. [2] The entrance is at the west end, opposite the village green, and reached through a lychgate dating from 1897 in memory of Revd Arthur Thomas, vicar of the church for 47 years until his death in 1895. (Two windows in the square tower are also memorials to him.) [10] The entrance door is flanked by two heavy buttresses. On top of the steeply pitched roof at the west end is a small cross, [2] and a large clock is embedded in the wall below this.

The main structures of the nave, chancel and tower are all original. There are a series of trefoil and lancet windows on all sides, many of which are paired. Many of these have stained glass; most were designed by Edward Burne-Jones. In particular, the east wall has three tall lancet windows and a quatrefoil; [2] the lancet windows, installed in 1893 in commemoration of Burne-Jones's daughter Margaret's marriage, represent the archangels Gabriel, Michael and Raphael. [11]

The church today

Woman's head, Rottingdean.JPG
Stone head, Rottingdean.jpg
Head stops of St Margaret of Antioch and St Richard of Chichester in the west doorway

St Margaret's was listed at Grade II* on 13 October 1952. [2] As of February 2001, it was one of 70 Grade II*-listed buildings and structures, and 1,218 listed buildings of all grades, in the city of Brighton and Hove. [12] It remains in active use for worship, and is the only Anglican church in the Benefice of Rottingdean. [13] The parish covers the whole of Rottingdean—reaching to the boundaries of Ovingdean and Saltdean—the coast road as far as Roedean, and surrounding areas of downland.

Services are held in the church on Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays for the parish, and on Wednesdays for pupils at St Margaret's Church of England Primary School. [14] Sermons are available to download as podcasts. [15]

Burials and memorials

The ashes of Sir Edward Burne-Jones, Pre-Raphaelite artist and designer, are buried in the churchyard. The ashes of his wife Georgiana, one of the MacDonald sisters, and their granddaughter, novelist Angela Thirkell, are also buried there. [7] [10] The ancient churchyard was extended in 1883, 1905 (with land donated by William Nevill, 1st Marquess of Abergavenny) and 1920. The churchyard includes the graves of Scottish novelist William Black, G. H. Elliott the Music Hall singer [16] and the world renowned blues guitarist Gary Moore (died 2011). [17] The gravestones of blackface music hall singers G. H. Elliott and Alice Bamford were removed for amendments to the wording in 2020 because a word used in the text had become unacceptably offensive with the passage of time. [16] Elliott was referred to as the "Chocolate Coloured Coon" and Bamford as "Coon Singer and Dancer". [18] The churchyard contains 14 Commonwealth war graves of nine British service personnel of World War I (including one unidentified merchant seaman) and four of World War II. [19]

See also

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References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Dale 1989 , p. 208.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Historic England (2007). "Church of St Margaret, The Green (east side), Brighton (1381000)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 19 June 2008.
  3. 1 2 3 Dale 1989 , p. 209.
  4. 1 2 Dale 1989 , p. 210.
  5. 1 2 Dale 1989 , p. 211.
  6. ↑ "Kipling's House, Rottingdean". My Brighton and Hove website. My Brighton and Hove (c/o QueensPark Books). 22 March 2006. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
  7. 1 2 "Rottingdean: St Margaret's Church". My Brighton and Hove website. My Brighton and Hove (c/o QueensPark Books). 6 January 2008. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
  8. ↑ "History—Part 2". St Margaret's Church website. St Margaret's Church. 2007. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
  9. ↑ "Glendale: Church of the Recessional". Forest Lawn Memorial-Parks and Mortuaries website. Forest Lawn Memorial-Park Association. 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  10. 1 2 Dale 1989 , p. 212.
  11. ↑ "St Margaret, Rottingdean, East Sussex". The Roughwood website. Mark Collins. 3 January 2004. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
  12. ↑ "Images of England — Statistics by County (East Sussex)". Images of England . English Heritage. 2007. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  13. ↑ "Rottingdean, Diocese of Chichester". A Church Near You website. Oxford Diocesan Publications Ltd. 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2008.
  14. ↑ "Service Times". St Margaret's Church website. St Margaret's Church. 2007. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
  15. ↑ "Parish Podcasts". St Margaret's Church website. St Margaret's Church. 2007. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
  16. 1 2 "Rottingdean music hall singers' 'offensive' gravestones removed". BBC News. 16 June 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  17. ↑ "Bandmates weren't told of Moore funeral arrangements". Rock News Desk. 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
  18. ↑ "In the Consistory Court of the Diocese of Chichester Petition No. 1198 In the matter of St Margaret, Rottingdean (No. 2)" (PDF). Consistory Court of the Diocese of Chichester. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  19. ↑ "Rottingdean (St Margaret's) Churchyard, with list of casualties". Commonwealth War Graves Commission . Retrieved 29 December 2021.

Bibliography

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