Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn

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Tâi-uân Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
Traditional Chinese 臺灣 台語 羅馬字 拼音 方案
Simplified Chinese 台湾 台语 罗马字 拼音 方案
Literal meaningTaiwan Taiwanese (language) Romanization Scheme
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Táiwān Táiyǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn
Bopomofo ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄊㄞˊ ㄩˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄗˋ ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄤ ㄢˋ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh Tair'uan Taiyeu Luomaatzyh Pin'in Fang'ann
Wade–Giles Tʻai2-wan1 Tai2-yü3 Lo2-ma3-tzu4 Pʻin1-in1 Fang1-an4
Tongyong Pinyin Táiwan Tái-yǔ Luó-mǎ-zìh Pin-yin Fang-àn
MPS2 Táiwān Táiyǔ Luómǎtz Pīnyīn Fāng'àn
IPA [tʰǎɪ.wán tʰǎɪ.ỳ pʰín.ín fáŋ.ân]
Hakka
Romanization Thòi-vàn Thòi-ngî Lò-mâ-sṳ Piang-yîm Fông-on
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization Tòihwāan Tòiyuh Lòhmáhjih Pingyām Fōng'on
Jyutping toi4 waan1 toi4 jyu6 lo4 maa5 zi6 ping3 jam1 fong1 on3
IPA [tʰɔj˩ wan˥ tʰɔj˩ jy˨ lɔ˩ ma˩˧ tsi˨ pʰɪŋ˧ jɐm˥ fɔŋ˥ ]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ Tâi-ôan Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn
Tâi-lô Tâi-uân Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn

The official romanization system for Taiwanese Hokkien (usually called "Taiwanese") in Taiwan is known as Tâi-uân Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn, [upper-roman 1] [1] often shortened to Tâi-lô. It is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and since 2006 has been one of the phonetic notation systems officially promoted by Taiwan's Ministry of Education. [2] The system is used in the MoE's Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan . It is nearly identical to Pe̍h-ōe-jī, apart from: using ts tsh instead of ch chh, using u instead of o in vowel combinations such as oa and oe, using i instead of e in eng and ek, using oo instead of , and using nn instead of .

Contents

Taiwanese Romanization System 20061014 ROC-EDU Taiwanese Romanization System.pdf
Taiwanese Romanization System

Alphabet

The Taiwanese Romanization System uses 16 basic Latin letters (A, B, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U), 7 digraphs (Kh, Ng, nn, Oo, Ph, Th, Ts) and a trigraph (Tsh). In addition, it uses 6 diacritics to represent tones.

Capital letter Lower case IPA Letter name (variant 1)Letter name (variant 2)
Aa [a] aa
Bb [b] bibe
Ee [e] ee
Gg [ɡ] gige
Hh [h, ʔ] hiha
Ii [i] ii
Jj [d͡z] jije
Kk [k] kika
Khkh [] khikha
Ll [l] lie-luh
Mm [m] mie-muh
Nn [n] nie-nuh
Ngng [ŋ] nginge
NNnn [◌̃] innenn
Oo [o] oo
Oooo [ɔ] oooo
Pp [p] pipe
Phph [] phiphe
Ss [s] sie-suh
Tt [t] tite
Thth [] thithe
Tsts [t͡s] tsitse
Tshtsh [t͡sʰ] tshitshe
Uu [u] uu

Sample texts

Tâi-lô
Pe̍h-uē-jī (PUJ) sī tsı̍t khuán iōng Latin (Lô-má) phìng-im hē-thóng lâi siá Tâi-uân ê gí-giân ê su-bīn bûn-jī. In-uī tong-tshoo sī thuân-kàu-sū ín--jı̍p-lâi ê, sóo-í ia̍h-ū-lâng kā PUJ kiò-tsò Kàu-huē Lô-má-jī, hı̍k-tsiá sī kán-tshing Kàu-lô. Put-jî-kò hiān-tāi ê sú-iōng-tsiá bē-tsió m̄-sī kàu-tôo, kàu-tôo mā tsin tsē bē-hiáu PUJ.
Pe̍h-ōe-jī
Pe̍h-ōe-jī (POJ) sī chı̍t khoán iōng Latin (Lô-má) phèng-im hē-thóng lâi siá Tâi-ôan ê gí-giân ê su-bīn bûn-jī. In-ūi tong-chho͘ sī thôan-kàu-sū ín--jı̍p-lâi ê, só͘-í ia̍h-ū-lâng kā POJ kiò-chò Kàu-hōe Lô-má-jī, he̍k-chiá sī kán-chheng Kàu-lô. Put-jî-kò hiān-tāi ê sú-iōng-chiá bē-chió m̄-sī kàu-tô͘, kàu-tô͘ mā chin chē bē-hiáu POJ.
Hàn-jī
白話字是一款用拉丁(羅馬)拼音系統來寫臺灣的語言的書面文字。因為當初是傳教士引入來的,所以也有人共白話字叫做教會羅馬字,或者是簡稱教羅。不而過現代的使用者袂少毋是教徒,教徒嘛真濟袂曉白話字。
IPA
[peʔued͡ʑi(piod͡ʑe)ɕit͡ɕiʔkʰuanioŋlatin(loma)pʰiŋimhetʰoŋlaiɕataiuanegigiɛnesubinbund͡ʑiinuitoŋt͡sɔɕitʰuankausuind͡ʑiʔlaiesɔiiaʔulaŋkapiod͡ʑikiot͡sokauhuelomad͡ʑihiʔt͡ɕiaɕikant͡ɕʰiŋkaulopuʔd͡ʑikohiɛntaiesuioŋt͡ɕiabet͡ɕiom̩ɕikautɔkautɔmat͡ɕint͡sebehiaupiod͡ʑi]

Values

Consonants

Initials
Bilabial Alveolar Alveolo-palatal Velar Glottal
Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless
Nasal m [m]
(moo)
n [n]
(nāi)
ng [ŋ]
(ngá)
Plosive Unaspirated p [p]
(pian)
b [b]
(bûn)
t [t]
()
k [k]
(kiû)
g [g]
()
Aspirated ph [pʰ]
(pho)
th [tʰ]
(thann)
kh [kʰ]
(khì)
Affricate Unaspirated ts [ts]
(tsan)
j [dz]
(jua̍h)
tsi [tɕ]
(tsiam)
ji [dʑ]
(ji̍p)
Aspirated tsh [tsʰ]
(tshut)
tshi [tɕʰ]
(tshiú)
Fricative s [s]
(sann)
si [ɕ]
(siá)
h [h]
()
Lateral l [l] ~ [ɾ]
(liú)
Finals
Bilabial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal consonant -m [m]
-n [n]
-ng [ŋ]
Stop consonant -p [p̚]
-t [t̚]
-k [k̚]
-h [ʔ]
Syllabic consonant
Bilabial Velar
Nasal m [m̩]
ㆬ 姆(ḿ)
ng [ŋ̍]
ㆭ 酸(sng)

Vowels & Rhymes

Simple & Nasal
Front Central Back
Simple Nasal Simple Nasal Simple Nasal
Close i [i]
(i)
inn [ĩ]
(înn)
u [u]
(u)
unn [ũ]
(tiunn)
Mid e [e]
()
enn [ẽ]
(senn)
o[ə]
(ko)
oo [ɔ]
(oo)
onn [ɔ̃]
(onn)
Open a [a]
(tsa)
ann [ã]
(sann)
Dialect
Tâi-lô IPA Bopomofo
ir[ɨ]
er[ə]
ee[ɛ]
ere[əe]ㄜㆤ [lower-alpha 1]
Vowel(s)Open syllabusNasalPlosive
[m][n][ŋ][p̚][t̚][k̚][ ʔ]
[a]aannamanangapatakahannh
[ai]aiainnaihainnh
[au]auauh
[e]eennehennh
[i]iinniminingipitikihinnh
[ia]iaianniamianiangiapiatiakiahiannh
[iau]iauiaunniauh
[iə]ioioh
[iɔ]iongiok
[iu]iuiunniuhiunnh
Vowel(s)Open syllabusNasalPlosive
[m][n][ŋ][p̚][t̚][k̚][ʔ]
[ə]ooh
[ɔ]ooonnomongopokoohonnh
[u]uunutuh
[ua]uauannuanuatuah
[uai]uaiuainn
[ue]ueueh
[ui]ui
[m̩]mmh
[ŋ̍]ngngh

Tones

Tone No.12 (= 6)34578
Name陰平上聲陰去陰入陽平陽去陽入
im-pîngsiōng-siannim-khìim-ji̍piông-pîngiông-khìiông-ji̍p
SymbolNone Acute Grave None (-p, -t, -k, -h) Circumflex macron Vertical line above (-p, -t, -k, -h)
◌́◌̀◌̂◌̄◌̍
Pitch˥˥˩˧˩˧ʔ˨˦˧˥ʔ
5551312433
Exampletong (東)tóng (黨)tòng (棟)tok (督)tông (同)tōng (洞)to̍k (毒)

A hyphen links elements of a compound word. A double hyphen indicates that the following syllable has a neutral tone and therefore that the preceding syllable does not undergo tone sandhi.

Computing

The IETF language tags register nan-Latn-tailo for Tâi-lô text. [3]

Unicode codepoints

The following are tone characters and their respective Unicode codepoints used in Tâi-lô. The tones used by Tâi-lô should use Combining Diacritical Marks instead of Spacing Modifier Letters used by bopomofo. [4] [5] As Tâi-lô is not encoded in Big5, the prevalent encoding used in Traditional Chinese, some Taiwanese Romanization System letters are not directly encoded in Unicode, instead should be typed using combining diacritical marks officially. [6]

Tâi-lô tone characters [1]
Base letter/Tone 1Tone 2Tone 3Tone 4Tone 5Tone 6Tone 7Tone 8Tone 9
Combining marḱ (U+0301)̀ (U+0300)ĥ (U+0302)̌ (U+030C)̄ (U+0304)̍h (U+030D)̋ (U+030B)
UppercaseAÁ (U+00C1)À (U+00C0)AHÂ (U+00C2)Ǎ (U+01CD)Ā (U+0100)A̍H (U+0041 U+030D)A̋ (U+0041 U+030B)
EÉ (U+00C9)È (U+00C8)EHÊ (U+00CA)Ě (U+011A)Ē (U+0112)E̍H (U+0045 U+030D)E̋ (U+0045 U+030B)
IÍ (U+00CD)Ì (U+00CC)IHÎ (U+00CE)Ǐ (U+01CF)Ī (U+012A)I̍H (U+0049 U+030D)I̋ (U+0049 U+030B)
OÓ (U+00D3)Ò (U+00D2)OHÔ (U+00D4)Ǒ (U+01D1)Ō (U+014C)O̍H (U+004F U+030D)Ő (U+0150)
UÚ (U+00DA)Ù (U+00D9)UHÛ (U+00DB)Ǔ (U+01D3)Ū (U+016A)U̍H (U+0055 U+030D)Ű (U+0170)
MḾ (U+1E3E)M̀ (U+004D U+0300)MHM̂ (U+004D U+0302)M̌ (U+004D U+030C)M̄ (U+004D U+0304)M̍H (U+004D U+030D)M̋ (U+004D U+030B)
NŃ (U+0143)Ǹ (U+01F8)NHN̂ (U+004E U+0302)Ň (U+0147)N̄ (U+004E U+0304)N̍H (U+004E U+030D)N̋ (U+004E U+030B)
Lowercaseaá (U+00E1)à (U+00E0)ahâ (U+00E2)ǎ (U+01CE)ā (U+0101)a̍h (U+0061 U+030D)a̋ (U+0061 U+030B)
eé (U+00E9)è (U+00E8)ehê (U+00EA)ě (U+011B)ē (U+0113)e̍h (U+0065 U+030D)e̋ (U+0065 U+030B)
ií (U+00ED)ì (U+00EC)ihî (U+00EE)ǐ (U+01D0)ī (U+012B)i̍h (U+0069 U+030D)i̋ (U+0069 U+030B)
oó (U+00F3)ò (U+00F2)ohô (U+00F4)ǒ (U+01D2)ō (U+014D)o̍h (U+006F U+030D)ő (U+0151)
uú (U+00FA)ù (U+00F9)uhû (U+00FB)ǔ (U+01D4)ū (U+016B)u̍h (U+0075 U+030D)ű (U+0171)
mḿ (U+1E3F)m̀ (U+006D U+0300)mhm̂ (U+006D U+0302)m̌ (U+006D U+030C)m̄ (U+006D U+0304)m̍h (U+006D U+030D)m̋ (U+006D U+030B)
nń (U+0144)ǹ (U+01F9)nhn̂ (U+006E U+0302)ň (U+0148)n̄ (U+006E U+0304)n̍h (U+006E U+030D)n̋ (U+006E U+030B)
Notes
1. ^ Yellow cells indicate that there are no single Unicode character for that letter; the character shown here uses Combining Diacritical Mark characters to display the letter. [5]

Characters not directly encoded in Unicode requires premade glyphs in fonts in order for applications to correctly display the characters. [5]

Font support

Fonts that currently support POJ includes:

Notes

  1. In version of Ngoo Siu-le  [ zh ], / ɘ e / [ere] is spelled as [oe] while the Phonetic Symbol "ㄜ Extended Bopomofo U+31A4.svg " is replaced with " Extended Bopomofo eer.svg ".

Words in native languages

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References

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  3. "Language Subtag Registry". Internet Enginnering Task Force. 2024-05-16. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
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  7. Iûⁿ (2009) , p. 24
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