Timeline of Extinction Rebellion actions

Last updated

Extinction Rebellion (XR), a 2018 UK-founded environmental movement, [1] [2] has since spread to the rest of Europe, the United States, and other countries, forming an international "non-violent civil disobedience" movement through mass protest. [3] XR carries out demonstrations to highlight governments' inaction on climate change. Since 2018, Extinction Rebellion has taken a variety of actions in Europe, the US, and elsewhere in the world, to urge political and economic forces to take action amid the climate crisis. Although, their non-violent disobedience protests are an effort to generate attention around environmental issues, XR activists have become known for civil disobedience and disruptive tactics. [4]

Contents

Extinction Rebellion is a loosely networked, decentralised, grassroots movement, with largely autonomous local groups – which often collaborate on actions – forming the bulk of the movement's organisational capacity. A local group is generally based around a specific geographical locality such as a suburb, city or in some cases a larger region. The movement also organises around affinity groups. [5] [1] [6] [7]

Anyone who takes action in pursuit of "XR's three goals and adheres to its ten principles, which includes non-violence, can claim to do it in the name of XR." [6]

UK

2018

On 17 October 2018, activists from Extinction Rebellion held a sit-in at the UK headquarters of Greenpeace, "to encourage their members to participate in mass civil disobedience as the only remaining alternative to avert the worst of the catastrophe" and join in future activities of Extinction Rebellion. [8] [9]

'Declaration of Rebellion'

"Declaration of Rebellion" at the Parliament Square, 31 October 2018 Declaration of Rebellion at Parliament Square 52.jpg
"Declaration of Rebellion" at the Parliament Square, 31 October 2018

An assembly took place at Parliament Square, London on 31 October 2018, and drew more than a thousand people to hear the "Declaration of Rebellion" [10] against the UK government and speeches by Donnachadh McCarthy, 15-year-old Greta Thunberg, the Swedish schoolgirl "on strike" from school over her own government's climate inaction, [11] Julia Bradbury, and Green MEP Molly Scott Cato in the square. [10] After a motion was proposed and agreed, the assembly moved to occupy the road, where Green MP Caroline Lucas, environmentalist George Monbiot, and other speakers and singers, including Seize the Day, continued from the reclaimed street directly in front of the Houses of Parliament. [10] [a] Following this, 15 campaigners were arrested for deliberately continuing the sit-in in the roadway. [10]

In the first two weeks of the movement in November 2018, more than 60 people were arrested for taking part in acts of civil disobedience organised by Extinction Rebellion. [12] On 12 November 2018, activists blockaded the UK's Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and some glued their hands to the department's doors. [13] Activists unveiled a "Climate Change... We're Fucked" banner over Westminster Bridge [14] and glued themselves to the gates of Downing Street, near the prime minister's official residence, on 14 November. [15] [16] In the evening of 15 November a large group closed the access road to Trafalgar Square outside the Brazilian Embassy in a joint action with Brazilian Women against Fascism UK. [17]

'Rebellion Day'

"Rebellion Day" on Blackfriars Bridge, 17 November 2018 Extinction Rebellion-12.jpg
"Rebellion Day" on Blackfriars Bridge, 17 November 2018

On 17 November 2018, in what was called "Rebellion Day", about 6,000 people took part in a coordinated action to block the five main bridges over the River Thames in London (Southwark, Blackfriars, Waterloo, Westminster, and Lambeth) for several hours, causing major traffic disruption; 70 arrests were made. [12] [18] [19] [20] [21] The Guardian described it as "one of the biggest acts of peaceful civil disobedience in the UK in decades". [12] [22] YBA artist Gavin Turk was one of the activists arrested for obstructing the public highway. [23] [24] Elsewhere in the UK there was a rally in Belfast. [25]

Extinction Rebellion protesters in Tower Hill, 23 November 2018 London November 23 2018 (23) Extinction Rebellion Protest Tower Hill.jpg
Extinction Rebellion protesters in Tower Hill, 23 November 2018

From 21 November 2018, beginning a campaign known as 'swarming' roadblocks (repeated roadblocks of approximately 7 minutes each), small groups of Extinction Rebellion activists carried out protests by occupying road junctions at Lambeth and Vauxhall Bridges, Elephant and Castle, Tower Bridge and Earl's Court, causing serious disruption to rush-hour traffic and continuing throughout the day. [22] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] Similar actions continued for the next two days in London, [31] with one group moving to Oxford Street on the afternoon of the discount shopping day Black Friday. [32]

On 23 November, in a first action outside London, an Extinction Rebellion group in York stopped traffic on Coppergate, Clifford Street, Pavement and Ouse Bridge, as well as holding a demo outside West Offices of the City of York Council. [33] [34] An Oxford XR group blocked traffic on Botley Road on the same day. [35]

'Rebellion Day 2'

On "Rebellion Day 2", a week after the first, Extinction Rebellion blocked the roads around Parliament Square, before a mock funeral march to Downing Street and then onto Buckingham Palace. [36] XR co-founder Gail Bradbrook read out a letter to the Queen, and one activist glued herself to the gates of the Palace, before the procession returned to Parliament Square. [37] On 24 November there were actions outside London by XR groups in Manchester, [38] Sheffield, [39] Machynlleth [40] and Edinburgh. [41]

On 15 December 2018, a professor of psychology was arrested for a "climate change graffiti attack" on the Bristol Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) building, [42] [43] [44] and a "die-in" was held at a local shopping center. [45]

On 21 December 2018, actions were staged at BBC locations across the UK by Extinction Rebellion calling for a change in editorial policy, perceiving a "failure to report" on the "climate emergency." BBC headquarters in London was placed on lockdown. [46] [47] [48]

2019

January – council actions

On 25 January 2019, about 40 members of Extinction Rebellion staged a peaceful one-hour occupation of the Scottish Parliament's debating chamber in Holyrood, Edinburgh. [49] Council chambers were also occupied by XR groups in Norwich on 11 February, [50] and Gloucestershire, on 13 February, which included a mock trial of the council's "criminal negligence". [51]

February – London Fashion Week

An Extinction Rebellion march during the London Fashion Week in London, 22 February 2019 London February 22 2019 (30) Extinction Rebellion Tell the Truth Protest (46455131464).jpg
An Extinction Rebellion march during the London Fashion Week in London, 22 February 2019

During London Fashion Week in February, Extinction Rebellion organised actions to disrupt events, calling on the British Fashion Council organisers to declare a 'climate emergency' and for the industry to take a leading role in tackling climate change. [52] 'Swarming' roadblocks were held outside several venues; a couple of rebels wore living grass coats. [53] Later in the week, designer and XR co-founder Clare Farrell, was barred from a fashion show by a label in which she had been involved with production. [54]

March

Gerald Vernon-Jackson, leader of the Portsmouth City Council, joining in an Extinction Rebellion protest in Portsmouth, 19 March 2019 Gerald Vernon-Jackson talking to Extinction Rebellion 2019.03.19.png
Gerald Vernon-Jackson, leader of the Portsmouth City Council, joining in an Extinction Rebellion protest in Portsmouth, 19 March 2019

On 9 March 2019, around 400 protesters staged a "Blood of Our Children" demonstration outside Downing Street, in which they poured buckets of fake blood on the road to represent the threatened lives of children. [55] As Portsmouth City Council passed a climate emergency motion, the 49th in the UK, protesters confronted leader Gerald Vernon-Jackson outside Portsmouth Guildhall. [56]

April – House of Commons naked demonstration

On 1 April 2019, around 12 protesters were arrested after undressing and gluing themselves to the glass in the House of Commons viewing gallery during a debate on Britain's intended departure from the European Union, with two of the protesters wearing grey body paint and elephant masks to draw attention to "the elephant in the room". [57] XR activists attributed inspiration for the direct action to a suffragette protest in Parliament in 1909, when (non-nude) protesters chained themselves to statues. [58]

April – occupations in London

The pink boat with a slogan "tell the truth", named after Berta Caceres, was located in Oxford Circus on 18 April Berta Caceres boat.jpg
The pink boat with a slogan "tell the truth", named after Berta Caceres, was located in Oxford Circus on 18 April

Starting from Monday 15 April 2019, Extinction Rebellion organised demonstrations in London, focusing their attention on Oxford Circus, Marble Arch, Waterloo Bridge and the area around Parliament Square. [59] Activists fixed a pink boat named after murdered Honduran environmental activist Berta Cáceres in the middle of the busy intersection of Oxford Street and Regent Street (Oxford Circus) and glued themselves to it, [60] [61] and also set up several gazebos, potted plants and trees, a mobile stage and a skate ramp whilst also occupying Waterloo Bridge. [62] [63] Five activists, including XR co-founder Simon Bramwell, were arrested for criminal damage when they targeted Shell's headquarters, near Waterloo. [64] [62] After the police imposed a 24-hour Section 14 condition at 18:55 requiring activists to move to Marble Arch [65] the police tried to clear Waterloo Bridge arresting 113 people, without gaining control of the bridge. [66] [67]

On the second day of actions on Waterloo Bridge police began making arrests of the activists at 12.40 pm, [68] but stopped a few hours later, [69] after running out of holding cells. [70] By the end of Tuesday 16 April an estimated 500,000 people had been affected by the disruptions and 290 activists had been arrested in London. [71] In Scotland, more than 1,000 protesters occupied the North Bridge for seven hours in Edinburgh, bringing one of the main routes into the city centre to a standstill. Police said they made 29 arrests. [72] [73]

On the morning of Wednesday 17 April two activists climbed onto the roof of a Docklands Light Railway train at Canary Wharf station whilst another glued himself to the side, spreading disruption to railway services. [74] The following day the three activists were charged with obstructing trains and after pleading not guilty sent to jail for four weeks, with no bail, whilst awaiting their next hearing. [75] In response to the protests, the British Transport Police suspended access to public Wi-Fi at London Underground stations the same day. [76] [77] [78] Towards the end of Wednesday a large force of police marched on the camp at Parliament Square, arresting people and partially removing roadblocks [79] before it was retaken later the same night by protesters who arrived with a samba band and re-established the roadblocks. [80]

At the start of Thursday 18 April, the fourth day of continuous occupations at four locations, the arrest figure had risen to 428, the majority for breaching public order laws and obstructing a highway. [60] [81] During the morning of 18 April about 20 XR activists spread traffic disruption wider with a series of swarming (short duration) roadblocks on Vauxhall Bridge. [82]

A mural appeared at Marble Arch after the closing ceremony on 25 April and this was attributed to the artist Banksy. The slogan "From this moment despair ends and tactics begin" is a quotation from The Revolution of Everyday Life. From this moment despair ends.jpg
A mural appeared at Marble Arch after the closing ceremony on 25 April and this was attributed to the artist Banksy. The slogan "From this moment despair ends and tactics begin" is a quotation from The Revolution of Everyday Life .

On the morning of 19 April, after significant media speculation about a threat to Heathrow Airport, [86] [87] around a dozen teenagers, some aged 13 and 14, approached the access road holding a banner which read “Are we the last generation?” Some of the teenagers wept and hugged each other, as they were surrounded by a far larger squad of police. [61] [88] [89] In the middle of the day police moved in force to surround the pink boat as Emma Thompson read poetry from the deck, eventually removing the people who were either locked-on or glued to it. After seven hours police had moved the boat without clearing Oxford Circus. [60] [90] By late evening police said that 682 people had thus far been arrested in London. [61]

On 25 April thirteen protesters blockaded the London Stock Exchange by gluing themselves across its entrances, wearing LED signs. Despite this, the operation of the market was not affected. [91] Another 4 protesters climbed on to a Docklands Light Railway train at Canary Wharf, and held the banners, which resulted in a short delay between Bank and Monument station and Stratford/Lewisham station. 26 people were arrested. [91] In the afternoon, the activists gathered at Hyde Park as the "closing ceremony" of the movement, which ended the 11-day demonstrations in London. A total of 1,130 people were arrested during the demonstrations. [92] As of June 2019, one protester, Angie Zelter, has been convicted of a public order offence for taking part in the occupations. [93]

July – "Summer Uprising"

"Summer Uprising", blocking Bristol Bridge on 16 July 2019 Extinction Rebellion Bristol, 2019-07-16 1.jpg
"Summer Uprising", blocking Bristol Bridge on 16 July 2019

On 13 and 14 July a weekend of protest was held in East London, with a series of seven-minute Dalston traffic blockades, a mass bike ride through the A10, Olympic park traffic blocks, a people's assembly outside Hackney Town Hall, and all-day talks and panels in London Fields. [94] This was the predecessor to a "Summer Uprising" from 08:00 on 15 July to 11:00 on 20 July, in Bristol, Leeds, Cardiff, Glasgow and London. Protests in the different cities focused on different threats: rising sea levels, floods, wildfires, crop failures and extreme weather, with a different coloured boat marked "Act Now" and other messages in each location. [95] There was significant disruption to traffic in protest locations. [96]

September – London Fashion Week

Extinction Rebellion targeted London Fashion Week (LFW) in September 2019 with a number of actions in order to raise awareness about the environmental damage caused by the fashion industry—"the United Nations has said it uses more energy than the aviation and shipping industry combined". [97] XR held a die-in outside LFW's official venue on 13 September. [98] [99] On 15 September it targeted Victoria Beckham's show with a swarm and protesters holding placards. [100] On 17 September, about 200 people held a funeral march from Trafalgar Square to a H&M store and to an LFW venue on The Strand; [97] [101] [102] and people gave speeches about the unsustainability of the fashion industry and fast fashion. [103]

September – Port of Dover blockade

The protesters blocked the Bristol Bridge on 21 September 2019 FNK 0016 (48788195262).jpg
The protesters blocked the Bristol Bridge on 21 September 2019

On 21 September Extinction Rebellion Dover tried to blockade the Port of Dover by holding a legal protest on the westbound carriageway of the A20, which police had temporarily designated for that purpose. [104] Vehicles were diverted onto the A2, but activists also superglued themselves to that road, blocking traffic in one direction. [105] Giant banners were hung from Dover Castle and from the White Cliffs of Dover. [106] The "No Food on a Dying Planet" action, which was concerned with the potential for food shortages resulting from climate change, was specifically held at Britain's busiest port because of the UK's "dependency" on food imports. [105] Ten, mostly elderly people, were arrested. [106] [107]

October

On 3 October 2019 XR protesters used a fire engine to spray fake blood onto and around HM Treasury in central London. [108] [109] [110] On 6 October XR held an 'opening ceremony' at Marble Arch attended by more than a thousand demonstrators. [111] On 7 October, several thousand people had blocked locations across Westminster district—135 demonstrators were arrested. [112]

Two days prior to a plan to shut down parts of central London for at least two weeks, police raided a former court building in Lambeth partially being used as a preparation area, arresting ten people and removing solar panels, toilets and other equipment. [113] [114] The police were criticised for the use of pre-emptive arrests who countered that Extinction Rebellion were being irresponsible in their action of attempting to overwhelm police resources and that officers were being taken away from their core responsibilities. [115] [116]

International Rebellion

Red Rebel Brigade protesters near New York Stock Exchange 013 XR at Stock Exchange (48861041868).jpg
Red Rebel Brigade protesters near New York Stock Exchange

As part of a two-week series of XR actions which they called "International Rebellion", [117] to take place in more than 60 cities worldwide, [118] events were planned around London from 7 to 19 October to demand the UK government take urgent action to tackle the climate crisis. [118] [119] Despite much, and sometimes heavy, rain throughout this period, the protests went ahead. [120] [121] On 6 October an 'opening ceremony' at Marble Arch was attended by more than a thousand people. [122] [111] On 7 October, several thousand people shut down parts of Westminster in central London, blocking Whitehall, the Mall, Westminster Bridge, Lambeth Bridge, Trafalgar Square, Downing Street and Victoria Embankment. [123]

On 10 October at London City Airport, a sit-in was held at the exit of its DLR railway station, with activists supergluing themselves to the floor. Two flights were delayed by activists who had purchased tickets. Other activists climbed onto the terminal roof [124] [125] while former paralympian cyclist James Brown climbed atop a British Airways aircraft, livestreaming the event online. [126] [127] On 11 October, XR activists obstructed access to the BBC's Broadcasting House main doors. [128] [129] Princess Marie-Esméralda of Belgium demonstrated with XR in London in April 2019, and was arrested, and later released, on 10 October after joining a sit-in protest at Trafalgar Square. She said "The more people from all sections of society protest, the greater the impact will be", and that, having the ear of high-ranking people, she raised climate issues whenever possible. [130] [131] Over 1000 arrests had been made by 11 October. [132]

On 12 October, XR held a "funeral procession" along Oxford Street which it claimed had 20,000 participants. [133] The same day, animal rights activists of the group Animal Rebellion (affiliated with XR) said 28 of their supporters were arrested while attempting to block access to Billingsgate Fish Market. [134]

Beginning early on Monday 14 October, hundreds of XR activists occupied Bank junction, outside the Bank of England in the City of London, London's financial district, focussing on the financial institutions "funding environmental destruction". [135] [136] That night police, controversially, banned all the Extinction Rebellion protests from the whole of London, starting at 9 pm. [137] [138] Around the same time, police began clearing people and tents that remained at the camp on Trafalgar Square, cutting free and arresting people who had locked themselves in place; [138] police had until then allowed the Square to be occupied. [138]

XR continued with a protest at the Department for Transport at 8 am on 15 October, during which Gail Bradbrook stood on top of the building's entrance until she was arrested. [139] Bradbrook "called on ministers to explain how their continued expansion of roads and airports fitted with a net-zero emissions target." [139] There was much criticism of the police ban, described as "chilling and unlawful", by individuals and organisations. [140] Mayor of London Sadiq Khan, who would normally expect to work with the police, appeared to distance himself from the ban. Green Party MP Caroline Lucas said the ban was a "huge over-reach of police power"; Liberty said it was "a grossly disproportionate move by the Met and an assault on the right to protest". [141] XR applied for urgent judicial review of the ban. [142]

On 16 October, mothers of infants held a sit-in outside Google's London headquarters in King's Cross, in protest at the company's funding of climate deniers. [143] At the same building, XR Youth climbed on top of the entrance to YouTube, with a banner reading "YouTube, stop climate denial", [143] relating to its hosting of climate change denial videos. [143] George Monbiot and Jonathan Bartley were arrested on Whitehall. [144]

On 17 October, XR activists targeted rail and underground services near to the Canary Wharf financial district by climbing onto or gluing themselves to trains at Shadwell, Stratford and Canning Town stations. [145] At Canning Town, a largely working-class neighbourhood, an activist was dragged from the top of a tube train and beaten by angry commuters. [145] [146] XR's lack of class and race awareness, and the confused message in blockading public transport, was highlighted by many in the media. [147] [148] [149] [150] [151] In a statement, XR apologised; [152] elsewhere, one XR spokesman said the protest was "a huge own goal" [153] while others in XR appreciated the significant media attention that it generated. [154] More than 3,700 people took part in an online poll in advance of the action with 72% against it "no matter how it is done". [154] [155] [156] In response, some in the affinity groups planning the action pulled out while others continued. [154] [155] The group's decentralised structure allows individual groups to act on their own. [153] [155]

On the morning of 18 October, the final day of the "International Rebellion", Oxford Circus was blocked using a pyramid structure made of wooden poles, to which some people locked themselves on to and others climbed up. [157] [158] Later, a protester free solo climbed halfway up Big Ben using the scaffolding currently surrounding it, and unfurled two large banners, reading: "No pride on a dead planet" and "Citizens Assembly". [159] [160]

On 20 October, a protest performance piece was made in the National Portrait Gallery against its sponsorship by BP, [161] who XR claims is "funding extinction". [162] Three protesters lay on the gallery floor wearing only underwear while others poured fake oil over them; a monologue was given and information handed out. [162] The protest was on the final day of the BP Portrait Award exhibition and in a room in which pieces sponsored by BP were on display. [162]

Hunger strike

Some XR activists took part in a global hunger strike that began on 18 November, involving 526 people in 28 countries, 263 of whom were in the UK. The hunger strike was "intended to show how the climate crisis is already urgently affecting people in many parts of the world." [163] Although most ended their strike around 23/24 November, by 27 November a handful from Extinction Rebellion continued, stationed outside Labour, Conservative and Liberal Democrat party headquarters in London. Their request was for all political party leaders to agree to meet them and pledge support for XR's Climate and Ecological Emergency Bill. [164]

"Election Rebellion: Twelve Days Of Crisis"

On 4 December about half a dozen activists dressed in yellow-and-black bee outfits held an action during Liberal Democrats' campaigning for the 2019 UK general election in Streatham, south London. One such activist glued himself to the windscreen of the Liberal Democrats' battle bus. [165] [166]

On 9 December activists blockaded a central London road to demand the next government tackles air pollution in London. [167] They wore gas masks and glued their hands to breeze blocks in the middle of Cranbourn Street, outside Leicester Square tube station. [168] Activists also blockaded Great Ancoats Street in Manchester, a major route for commuters, during rush hour with a wooden construction and banners. [168] [169]

2020

February 2020

On 17 February, Extinction Rebellion members of the University of Cambridge assembled to dig up a patch of lawn outside of Trinity College, as a protest against the college continuing to invest its endowments in oil and gas companies. The mud dug up was later taken to a local branch of Barclays Bank. [170] [171]

September 2020

On 1 September 2020, Extinction Rebellion began 10 days of action called Autumn Rebellion, with activities in Cardiff, Manchester and London. [172] Protesters successfully blocked Parliament Square on the first day and demanded that Parliament support the Climate and Ecological Emergency Bill, a private member's bill tabled by Caroline Lucas. [173]

On 2 September, activists in Cardiff held a socially distanced beach party outside the Welsh Parliament, to highlight the impact of rising sea levels. [174] Others glued themselves to the BBC Wales building. [175]

On 5 September 2020, XR blocked access to several printing presses owned by Rupert Murdoch's News Corp, disrupting the distribution of the company's newspapers The Sun, The Times and The Daily Telegraph. Distribution of The Daily Mail and London Evening Standard, which are printed by News Corp, was also affected. In a statement, XR said the action was designed to disrupt and expose what it called a failure to adequately report on the climate emergency: "Our free press, society and democracy is under attack – from a failing government that lies to us consistently … Our leaders have allowed the majority of our media to be amassed in the hands of five people with powerful vested interests and deep connections to fossil fuel industries. We need a free press but we do not have it." 72 arrests were made. [176] [177] In a statement on Twitter, Home Secretary Priti Patel called the actions "an attack on our free press, society and democracy". [178] After government officials considered reclassifying XR as an organised crime group, a number of public figures such as Stephen Fry and Mark Rylance criticised the government's move in an open letter, describing XR as "a group of people who hold the government to account". [179] [180]

Also on 5 September, [181] Police seized the "Lightship Greta", a mock lightvessel bearing the slogan "sound the alarm, climate emergency", in Kennington, South London. [182] It had been pushed for six days from Brighton and was headed to Stratford, East London. [183]

The Metropolitan Police confirmed that they had made over 600 arrests over the period. [181]

November 2020

On 11 November, a member of Extinction Rebellion laid a poppy wreath at the Cenotaph in London reading "Act Now", referencing climate change, and displayed a banner reading "Honour their sacrifice / Climate change means war". The wreath was removed from the Cenotaph by the police. [184]

2021

2021 G7 Summit

During the 47th G7 summit in June 2021, hundreds [185] of protesters related to the group gathered on the beaches of St Ives, Cornwall, where the summit is taking place to protest to world leaders and demand urgent action to address climate crisis. The group chose the slogan "Sound the Alarm" and used noise as way of protesting. [185]

Impossible Rebellion

A two-week series of protests based in London began on 23 August 2021, under the name "Impossible Rebellion". Demonstrations have variously focused on banks' continued investment in fossil fuels, new road infrastructure such as HS2, the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, treatment of animals on Crown Estate land and the fashion and fast food industry. Some days of protest have been themed around highlighting women and indigenous voices. The protests specifically aim to halt new investment in fossil fuels by the UK government, in addition to Extinction Rebellion's other goals. [186] [187] [188] [189] [190]

COP26 protests

Extinction Rebellion members were among the protesters at the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), held in Glasgow from 31 October to 12 November 2021. [191] [192] [193]

Black Friday blockades

Members of Extinction Rebellion blockaded the UK distribution centers of Amazon, protesting the company's environmental impact and treatment of workers. The blockades happened on Black Friday as it was deemed one of the most profitable days for Amazon. Members chained themselves together and erected bamboo structures to disrupt deliveries from the centers across the UK. [194]

2022

We Will Not Be Bystanders - April Rebellion 2022

In April 2022, activists from Extinction Rebellion, among them two Olympic athletes, blocked key bridges across London. Protesters had been arrested after climbing oil tankers, anchoring themselves to structures, or blocking roads at oil depots. [195]

House of Commons - Speakers Chair

On 2 September 2022, a group of around 50 activists took nonviolent direct action at the House of Commons to kick of the first phase of XRs September plans and point to the need for a Citizens' Assembly on the Climate and Ecological Emergency.

4 activists glued themselves in a chain around the Speakers Chair inside the Parliamentary Chamber, 2 activists held two large banners in the great hall that read "Citizens' Assemblies Now" and "Let The People Decide" whilst outside the building 2 activists chained themselves to the railings and one climbed the scaffolding around Big Ben with another giant banner reading "Let The People Decide - Citizens' Assemblies Now".

A speech read out in the chamber said "We are in a crisis, and what goes on in this chamber every day makes a joke out of us all. We cannot afford to carry on like this" [196]

2023

Extinction Rebellion, working with other organisations such as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth and unions staged four day of protest in central London from 20 April to 24 April. [197]

United States

New York

On 17 November 2018, in what was called "Rebellion Day", there was a rally in New York City. [25]

On January 26, 2019, the newly formed Extinction Rebellion NYC conducted its first action, with activists forming the Extinction Symbol with their bodies on the ice at the Rockefeller Center ice skating rink. An activist climbed and hung a banner on the large gold Prometheus statue reading "Climate Change = Mass Murder, Rebel for Life, Intl Rebellion Week April 15, 2019". Nine people were arrested. [198]

Die-in protest at New York City Hall, 17 April 2019 53 Die-In (47631543271).jpg
Die-in protest at New York City Hall, 17 April 2019

On April 17, 2019, over 60 activists were arrested at a die-in in the streets around New York City Hall. Two activists climbed light posts and hung a banner reading "Declare Climate Emergency" along with the Extinction Symbol. In addition to Extinction Rebellion's general demands, a specific demand of the action was that New York City formally declare a climate emergency and call for an emergency mobilization to ensure a safe climate. [199] In this regard, the action was successful, in that on June 26, 2019, the New York City Council unanimously passed Resolution No. 0864–2019, declaring a climate emergency and calling for an emergency mobilization, becoming the first large US city to do so. [200]

On June 22, 2019, 70 activists with Extinction Rebellion NYC were arrested for blocking traffic outside of The New York Times headquarters in midtown Manhattan. Protesters formed the Extinction Symbol with their bodies on Eighth Avenue, rappelled from the roof of the Port Authority Bus Terminal with a banner that read "Climate Emergency" and climbed on top of the large glass awning of The New York Times Building with sound equipment and signage. [201] The protest called for more urgent climate coverage by the New York Times and other media outlets, including through adherence to the group's publicly available media standards. [202]

Extinction Rebellion NYC continued to protest the quality of The New York Times' climate coverage through smaller actions outside the newspaper's headquarters, with particular focus on the Times' proposed sponsorship of an oil industry conference, Oil and Money 2019, scheduled for fall 2019 in London. In response, on September 3, 2019, the New York Times dropped its sponsorship of this conference, on the basis that the subject matter "gives us cause for concern." [203]

Protesters at the Wall Street, 7 October 2019 115 XR at Stock Exchange (48861643241).jpg
Protesters at the Wall Street, 7 October 2019

Beginning in the summer of 2019, Extinction Rebellion NYC members began a campaign of raising awareness of the climate crisis by making speeches and circulating information in subway cars. [204]

On August 10, 2019, over 100 people were arrested at a protest demanding that RXR Realty evict the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency (ICE) from the Starrett–Lehigh Building due to the human rights abuses occurring at the US-Mexico border and ICE's role in mass deportations. This action, which involved protesters shutting down the West Side Highway, was co-sponsored by Extinction Rebellion NYC, Movimiento Cosecha, the NYC DSA Immigration Justice Working Group, and the Metropolitan Anarchist Coordinating Council. [205]

On September 5, 2019, members of Extinction Rebellion blocked traffic at multiple intersections in midtown Manhattan and performed dance routines to bring attention to the ongoing fires in Amazonia. [206]

On September 6, 2019, an activist with Extinction Rebellion became the first person in over 40 years to climb the Unisphere, a 140-foot-high (43m) stainless steel globe in Queens, New York. He hung a banner saying “ZERO CO2 2025, CLIMATE JUSTICE NOW”, along with the Extinction Symbol, over South America to draw attention to the fires ravaging Amazonia. [207]

On October 7, 2019, Extinction Rebellion activists threw fake blood over Wall Street's Charging Bull sculpture. [208] [209]

On 10 October 2019, XR activists dropped a sailboat in a Times Square intersection, with some protesters gluing their hands to the boat, snarling traffic in the process. [210]

Three protesters interrupted a match between Karolina Muchova and Coco Gauff at the 2023 US Open tennis tournament for 40 minutes on September 7, 2023 by yelling "end fossil fuels," with one protester gluing their feet to the concrete floor of the stands. [211] [212]

On 23 June 2024, Extinction Rebellion members disrupted the Travelers Championship. [213]

Massachusetts

Extinction Rebellion Massachusetts started in Spring 2019 and eventually split to XR Boston, XR Cape Cod, and XR Western Mass.

On September 28, 2021, seven activists were arrested after blocking the street in front of the home of Massachusetts governor Charlie Baker with a pink sailboat bearing the Extinction Rebellion flag and the slogan "CLIMATE EMERGENCY". [214]

On June 15, 2023, eight activists were arrested after mooning the Massachusetts State Senate with the message "STOP PASSING GAS" written on their butts adorned in pink XR branded thongs. [215] The disruption happened during a formal senate session. This action was in support of the demand of no new fossil fuels in the state of Massachusetts and called on the Senate to pass legislation in line with that demand. The action received more than 400 online articles in the US and internationally, making it the most publicized Extinction Rebellion action in the United States.

On 20 April 2024 at least 20 XR activists were arrested at Hanscom Field Airport in Bedford, Massachusetts, with police saying they had breached a security perimeter and trespassed on the tarmac. [216] According to Extinction Rebellion Boston, the group gathered “to protest the proposed expansion of 17 new private jet hangars” at the airport. They also said they condemn “new fossil fuel infrastructure that will be in operation for decades, preventing us from achieving decarbonization and threatening us with runaway global heating and an uninhabitable Earth.” [216] The group added protesters disrupted flights at the airport “in a peaceful, non-violent, non-destructive act of civil disobedience.” [216]

California

On 23 September 2019 an XR protest in Los Angeles closed Sunset Boulevard for evening rush hour, with no arrests reported. [217]

On 13 October 2023 XR activists staged a mock arrest of the Wells Fargo CEO Charles Scharf outside his bank’s Market Street office in San Francisco. [218]

On October 23 XR activists occupied the Wells Fargo lobby in San Francisco, demanding the company stop investing in fossil fuels to reach its zero-emissions goal, stating that they have "provided $316.7 billion to the coal, oil, and gas companies since 2015." In response Wells Fargo said it "believes that climate change is one of the most urgent environmental and social issues of our time" and "are committed to reaching our goals and to supporting our clients in traditional energy, as well as the renewable energy sector, to facilitate an orderly energy transition and a sustainable future." [219]

Florida

Two XR activists were jailed and arrested in Florida in 2021 for engaging in non-violent protests, with one being accused of "pouring black and red syrup (symbolizing oil and blood) on the steps of the Florida Capitol after hours" and walking on a highway. [220]

Colorado

On 23 September 2019, at least 8 people were arrested during a Denver XR protest at the intersection of Speer Blvd. and Broadway for disrupting traffic to raise awareness of the group. [221]

On 29 November 2019, on a pseudo-holiday known as "Black Friday, traffic outside the Cherry Creek Mall in Denver was brought to a standstill at the hands of protesters. Extinction Rebellion Colorado blocked traffic by positioning a sleigh in the middle of East 1st Avenue, and locking people to the sleigh by their necks. The protest was aimed at showing the correlation between consumerism and environmental impact. The protest blocked traffic for three hours, as police and firefighters worked to safely detach the protesters from the sleigh they were locked to. Instead of cutting the locks around their necks, firefighters sawed off the poles to the sleigh, freeing the protesters from their position. Four people were arrested and cited for impeding a roadway and disobedience to a lawful officer. [222]

Oregon

On 28 April 2019, non-violent activists blocked a railroad track bringing Canadian tar sands oil to Portland, Oregon, where Zenith Energy, Ltd., a Calgary, Alberta, Canada-based multinational operates a marine export terminal. Eleven protesters were arrested for planting a garden atop the tracks. Five, including Ken Ward Jr., were tried February 2020 in the Multnomah County, Oregon courthouse, for their civil disobedience. Their jury hung on the verdict with five of the six jurors voted for acquittal but the majority were unable to convince the sixth juror to dispose of the case. [223] [224]

Australia

"Declaration Day" at the Victoria State Government, 22 March 2019 Outside Victorian State Government offices - Extinction Rebellion Declaration Day Melbourne - IMG 4418 (47388076162).jpg
"Declaration Day" at the Victoria State Government, 22 March 2019

Extinction Rebellion Australia held a 'Declaration Day' on 22 March 2019 in Melbourne, Adelaide, Sydney, and Brisbane. Demonstrators assembled and protested to demand that governments and media declare a state of climate emergency. On the eve of international Rebellion Day, 15 April, an XR group occupied the Parliament of Australia's lower house, the House of Representatives. [225] On 19 April XR activists disrupted a railway line in Brisbane. [226]

XR activists climb on the roof of the Australian Federal Treasurer's office in Melbourne as part of the Duty of Care action, 2021 Extinction Rebellion Duty and Care Action at Josh Frydenberg's Office (51358926713).jpg
XR activists climb on the roof of the Australian Federal Treasurer's office in Melbourne as part of the Duty of Care action, 2021
XR activists let off smoke flares at the Australian Federal Treasurer's office in Melbourne. Extinction Rebellion Duty and Care Action at Josh Frydenberg's Office (51359714560).jpg
XR activists let off smoke flares at the Australian Federal Treasurer's office in Melbourne.

In Australia, from 23 March to 28 March 2021 - a week of mass disruption (autumn rebellion) was held in Melbourne, Victoria with smaller numbers compared to their earlier actions. [227] [228] [229]

Other targeted campaigns in Australia include the Don't NAB Our Future campaign, which is targeting the National Australia Bank over its financial support for fossil fuel projects and has involved the targeting of several NAB branches throughout Australia with chalking as well as occupations, [230] and the Duty of Care campaign targeting the federal government for it appealing a Federal Court ruling stating that the government has a duty of care to protect future generations from climate harm. [231] Actions have included targeting federal government departments as well as Members of Parliament in Canberra during sitting weeks through acts of civil disobedience. [232] [233] An action also took place at the electorate office of Federal Treasurer Josh Frydenberg in Melbourne. Two Extinction Rebellion activists climbed onto the roof while several others glued themselves to the front entrance. [234] [235]

On 9 October 2022 two protesters glued their hands to Picasso's ‘Massacre in Korea’ at the National Gallery of Victoria as part of their Spring Rebellion action in the Australian state of Victoria. [236] [237] [238]

On 5 March 2023 three activists from XR, including Violet CoCo, allegedly blocked traffic on Melbourne's West Gate Bridge. At the location CoCo was filmed saying: "This is a climate and ecological emergency and our actions every day impact the habitability of our planet for ourselves and for generations to come." All three were charged. [239]

Italy

In December 2023 XR activists put green dye in Venice's Grand Canal in protest of COP 28. They unfurled a banner which read: "“While the government speaks, we hang by a thread." [240] Five activists were given a four-year ban from the city in response. [241]

In July 2023 activists from XR defaced a statue of controversial Italian journalist Indro Montanelli in Milan. [242]

In December 2023 Extinction Rebellion activists disrupted a Mass in Turin by Archbishop Roberto Repole. Protesters stood up one by one to read from Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si and postolic exhortation Laudate Deum, which concern climate change. On their website the Italian XR group stated that they "briefly interrupted the Mass in the Duomo reading passages from the documents to bring the attention of the faithful to the words of the pontiff on the climate crisis." [243]

On 15 June 2024 activists from XR occupied and chained themselves in the media center outside the G7 summit held in Puglia. [244]

Netherlands

On 15 April 2019, XR activists occupied part of the International Criminal Court in The Hague, forming human chains before being arrested. [245]

Extinction Rebellion has blockaded the A12 in The Hague, Netherlands, irregularly since 6 July 2022 and daily since 9 September 2023. [246] [247] Other highways such as the A10 have also been regularly blockaded by XR activists. [248]

In March 2024 XR activists protested The European Fine Art Fair (TEFAF) in Maastricht, and also held actions at the nearby airport hosting private jets. [249]

In August 2024 a cruise ship from Disney announced it would skip Amsterdam in early September due to "problems accessing the harbor" caused by Extinction Rebellion activists. [250]

In September 2024 activists from Extinction Rebellion chained themselves to the access gates of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, forcing its closure. The activists said they would only leave if the museum cuts all ties with the ING bank. [251]

Actions elsewhere

On 17 November 2018 there was a "Rebellion Day" action by the XR group in Stockholm, [252] as well as rallies in Dublin, Cork, Galway, Copenhagen, Berlin, and Madrid. [25]

XR groups in Berlin, Heidelberg, Brussels, Lausanne, Madrid, [253] and Denver [254] formed human chains before being arrested.

On 11 September 2019, the Zürich wing of Extinction Rebellion dyed the Limmat river, the main river that flows through the centre of the Swiss city, luminous green. [255] XR activists floated face up and motionless in the river, [256] and floated downstream in imitation of dead bodies. [257] The action was done to highlight the various ways global warming threatens water. [258]

On 7 October 2019, XR held a global day of “civil disobedience” with disruptive actions causing chaos and outrage in major cities around the world. [259] Protesters in Berlin gathered at the Victory Column near the Brandenburg Gate Monday morning. [260] The action continued into the evening with Potsdamer Platz, which was at some point occupied by some 3,000 protesters, according to the local media. Protesters blocked roads across Australia and New Zealand, [261] with police in Sydney arresting at least 30 people. [259] Activists in Wellington, New Zealand, staged a "die-in" at an ANZ Bank branch, demanding that it “divest away from fossil fuels,” with some protesters gluing their hands to the windows. Others occupied the lobby of the Ministry of Business and Innovation.[ citation needed ] In Amsterdam more than 100 protesters were arrested after they erected a tent camp on the main road outside the national museum Rijksmuseum. [259] In Paris, about 1,000 protesters backed by the yellow vests movement occupied a shopping centre. [259] In Vienna, protesters also blocked traffic in the city. [259]

XR activists at symbolic Gallows, Munich, Germany, 2019 XR at Munich FFF 2019-09-20 8842.jpg
XR activists at symbolic Gallows, Munich, Germany, 2019

On 10 October 2019 five activists, one woman and four men were arrested after chaining themselves to the gates of the Irish parliament, Dáil Éireann. [262]

On 21 October 2019 on the British island of Jersey, XR activists caused disruption during morning rush hour, blocking the road while cycling slowly into St Helier. They then staged a 'die-in' in the town centre. [263]

On 6 December 2019, Extinction Rebellion activists blocked streets for 7 hours in Washington, D.C., calling for an end to World Bank funding of fossil fuels. [264] [265]

On 24 January 2020, 25 Extinction Rebellion activists chained themselves to handrails in the Kastrup airport in Denmark, in protest against plans for its future expansion. They played fake announcements for more than half an hour in the arrivals area of the airport announcing that the airport expansion needs to be cancelled immediately to reach climate neutrality by 2025. [266] [267]

On 4 December 2021, eight Extinction Rebellion activists chained themselves to a train and railway line in Dunedin, New Zealand to protest against the use of coal by dairy company Fonterra. [268] [269]

In October 2022 a group of members glued themselves to Ferrari supercar models at the 2022 Parris Auto Show. [270]

Notes

  1. ↑ "XR Declaration" from 1hr 39m 15s; see "XR Declaration" in the External links section.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Environmental direct action in the United Kingdom</span>

The modern environmental direct action movement in the United Kingdom started in 1991 with the formation of the first UK "Earth First!" group for a protest at Dungeness nuclear power station. Within two years, there were fifty Earth First groups and activists linked with other parties in the road protest movement. There were large camps at Twyford Down and the M11 link road protest. By 1997, the Government had decided to reduce its road-building plans by two thirds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rupert Read</span> British philosopher (born 1966)

Rupert Read is an academic and a Green Party campaigner, a former spokesperson for Extinction Rebellion, and the current director of the Climate Majority Project. He is the author of several books on Wittgenstein, philosophy, and/or climate change, most recently Why Climate Breakdown Matters, Deep Adaptation: Navigating the Realities of Climate Chaos, and Do You Want to Know the Truth? Until 2023, Read was a reader in philosophy at the University of East Anglia where he was awarded – as Principal Investigator – Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) funding for two projects on "natural capital". His other major recent academic focus has been on the precautionary principle, having contributed substantially to work co-authored with Nassim Nicholas Taleb on applying the principle to questions of genetic modification of organisms. In further work, Read has theorised the utility of the precautionary principle in a wide range of areas, including: climate change, the environment, as well as financial and technology sectors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zion Lights</span> British science communicator and environmental activist (born 1984)

Zion Lights is a British author and activist known for her environmental work and science communication.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Extinction Rebellion</span> Environmental pressure group

Extinction Rebellion is a UK-founded global environmental movement, with the stated aim of using nonviolent civil disobedience to compel government action to avoid tipping points in the climate system, biodiversity loss, and the risk of social and ecological collapse. Extinction Rebellion was established in Stroud in May 2018 by Gail Bradbrook, Simon Bramwell, Roger Hallam, Stuart Basden, along with six other co-founders from the campaign group Rising Up!

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gail Bradbrook</span> British scientist and co-founder of Extinction Rebellion

Gail Marie Bradbrook is a British environmental activist and molecular biophysicist who co-founded the environmental social movement Extinction Rebellion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Extinction symbol</span> Symbol to represent mass extinction

The extinction symbol represents the threat of holocene extinction on Earth; a circle represents the planet and a stylised hourglass is a warning that time is running out for many species. The symbol dates to at least 2012 and has been attributed to anonymous East London artist Goldfrog ESP. The symbol has been called "this generation's peace sign". It is used by environmental protesters, and has been incorporated in works by artists and designers such as Banksy. In 2019, the Victoria and Albert Museum acquired a digital copy of the symbol, and other artifacts featuring the symbol, for its permanent collection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roger Hallam (activist)</span> British environmental activist and co-founder of Extinction Rebellion

Julian Roger Hallam is an environmental activist who co-founded Extinction Rebellion, Just Stop Oil, Insulate Britain, the cooperative federation organisation Radical Routes, and the political party Burning Pink. In April 2024, Hallam was given a suspended two year sentence for attempting to block Heathrow Airport with drones. In July 2024, Hallam was convicted of conspiracy to cause a public nuisance for organising protests to block the M25 motorway two years prior, for which he was sentenced to five years' imprisonment.

Phil Kingston is a climate activist and protester with the climate groups Christian Climate Action and Extinction Rebellion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Extinction Rebellion Youth</span> Youth environmental pressure group

Extinction Rebellion Youth is the autonomous youth wing of the global environmental movement Extinction Rebellion (XR), made up of activists under the age of 30. It has the stated aim of using nonviolent civil disobedience to compel government action to avoid tipping points in the climate system, biodiversity loss, and the risk of social and ecological collapse. XR Youth was established in the United Kingdom in February 2019 by a collective of young environmental activists from XR. In contrast to the rest of XR, the youth wing is more centred around climate justice and consideration of the Global South and indigenous peoples. As of September 2020, there are over 200 branches globally, including over 80 in the UK.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Animal Rising</span> Activist group

Animal Rising is a British animal activist movement with the stated aim of compelling social change towards animal rights and a plant-based food system. They justify their actions with the impact of animal agriculture on climate change, species extinction and ecosystem breakdown.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022</span> Act of the United Kingdom Parliament

The Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that was introduced by the Home Office and the Ministry of Justice. It gives more power to the police, criminal justice, and sentencing legislation, and it encompasses restrictions on "unacceptable" protests, crimes against children, and sentencing limits. It was passed by the Houses of Parliament on 26 April 2022 and received Royal Assent on 28 April 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Impossible Rebellion</span> 2021 climate change protests

Impossible Rebellion was a series of nonviolent climate change protests in the United Kingdom organised by Extinction Rebellion (XR), from 23 August 2021 to 4 September 2021. The protests particularly targeted the City of London to raise awareness of the role of the financial sector in climate change. Protesters during the Impossible Rebellion demanded that the UK government cease new investments in the fossil fuel industry. XR also demand that the government declare a climate emergency, reach net zero carbon emissions by 2025 and create a citizens' assembly on climate change.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Insulate Britain protests</span> 2021 climate change protests in Britain

A series of protests by the group Insulate Britain involving traffic obstruction began on 13 September 2021. The group blockaded the M25 and other motorways in the United Kingdom, and roads in London and the Port of Dover.

Blockade Australia is a direct action group in Australia who blockade rail and roads in ports to "force the urgent broad-scale change necessary for survival". They describe themselves as "committed to taking the action necessary to disrupt economic bottlenecks of Australia and stop the exploitative colonial project".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Just Stop Oil</span> British climate activism group

Just Stop Oil is a British environmental activist group primarily focused on the issue of human-caused climate change. The group aims to convince the British government to commit to ending new fossil fuel licensing and production using civil resistance, nonviolent direct action, traffic obstruction, and vandalism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scientist Rebellion</span> International scientists environmentalist group

Scientist Rebellion is an international scientists' environmentalist group that campaigns for degrowth, climate justice, and more effective climate change mitigation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Violet CoCo</span> Australian climate activist

Deanna Maree "Violet" Coco, usually known as Violet CoCo, is an Australian climate activist who was briefly jailed on remand for blocking the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 2022. She successfully appealed her 15-month jail sentence, with the convictions remaining, in March 2023, after the judge found that her conviction was based on false information from the police about an ambulance being blocked by her protest. She was instead put on a 12 month conditional release order.

Elliot "Riz" Possnett is a British activist involved with climate change demonstrations as part of the UK Student Climate Network and Extinction Rebellion since 2019. Possnett has been involved with the anti-monarchy activism group No More Royals. As of 2023, Possnett is a student at Wadham College, Oxford.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A12 blockade</span> Series of climate protests in The Hague, Netherlands

The A12 blockade is a string of protests by Extinction Rebellion (XR) on the Utrechtsebaan in The Hague, irregularly since 6 July 2022 and there were daily blockades from 9 September 2023 until 5 October. The blockades has been stopped until at least Christmas after a motion in the Tweede Kamer passed that called on the government to make a plan to phase out fossil subsidies. The activists demand that the government end fossil fuel subsidies, which are estimated at between €39.7 and €46.4 billion a year. Thousands of activists have been arrested. Political and social reactions to the blockades have been mixed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Just Stop Oil M25 blockade case</span> 2024 British court case on climate protesters

R v Hallam was a 2024 British court case involving five activists from the climate protest group Just Stop Oil. The activists were convicted of conspiracy to cause public nuisance after they organised protests to block the M25 motorway in November 2022. Roger Hallam, co-founder of Just Stop Oil and Extinction Rebellion, was sentenced to five years' imprisonment, while his fellow activists Daniel Shaw, Louise Lancaster, Lucia Whittaker De Abreu and Cressida Gethin were sentenced to four years each. The activists have been collectively referred to as the "Whole Truth Five" in Just Stop Oil's social media posts.

References

  1. 1 2 Iqbal, Nosheen (6 October 2019). "How Extinction Rebellion put the world on red alert". The Observer. ISSN   0029-7712. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2019– via www.theguardian.com.
  2. ↑ Corbett, Jessica (8 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion movement kicks off two weeks of civil disobedience around the world". Salon. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  3. ↑ Valenstain, Peter Gardner, Tiago Carvalho, Maria (2022-08-10). "The global spread of Extinction Rebellion through mass protest". The Loop. Retrieved 2024-09-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ↑ Booth, Robert (2023-01-01). "Extinction Rebellion announces move away from disruptive tactics". The Guardian . ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2023-11-16.
  5. ↑ Hinsliff, Gaby (17 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion has built up so much goodwill. It mustn't throw that away". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2019– via www.theguardian.com.
  6. 1 2 Kobie, Nicole (7 October 2019). "How Extinction Rebellion evolved its tactics for its London protests". Wired UK. ISSN   1357-0978. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2019– via www.wired.co.uk.
  7. ↑ Varghese, Sanjana (12 October 2019). "Here's the secret to Extinction Rebellion's explosive growth". Wired UK. ISSN   1357-0978. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2019– via www.wired.co.uk.
  8. ↑ Taylor, Matthew (26 October 2018). "'We have a duty to act': hundreds ready to go to jail over climate crisis". The Guardian . Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  9. ↑ Molitch-Hou, Michael (19 October 2018). "Climate Activists Occupy Greenpeace UK Headquarters—Wait, That Can't Be Right". Common Dreams. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Taylor, Matthew (31 October 2018). "15 environmental protesters arrested at civil disobedience campaign in London". The Guardian . Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  11. ↑ Germanos, Andrea (31 October 2018). "'This Is Our Darkest Hour': With Declaration of Rebellion, New Group Vows Mass Civil Disobedience to Save Planet". Common Dreams. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  12. 1 2 3 Taylor, Matthew; Gayle, Damien (17 November 2018). "Dozens arrested after climate protest blocks five London bridges". The Guardian . Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  13. ↑ Harrabin, Roger (12 November 2018). "Climate change protest sees '22 arrests'". BBC News . Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  14. ↑ Doherty, Brian; De Moor, Joost; Hayes, Graeme (27 November 2018). "The 'new' climate politics of Extinction Rebellion?". Opendemocracy.com. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  15. ↑ "Protesters glued to Downing Street gates". BBC News . 14 November 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  16. ↑ Charity, Nick (14 November 2018). "Fifty arrests as climate change activists descend on London again". Evening Standard . Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  17. ↑ Thomas, Tobi (19 November 2018). "London's climate rebellion surges on". New Internationalist. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  18. ↑ Roger Harrabin (17 November 2018). "Extinction Rebellion protests block London bridges". BBC News . Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  19. ↑ Forrest, Adam (2018-11-17). "Climate change protesters block London bridges on day of civil action" . The Independent . Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  20. ↑ Willis, Ella (2018-11-17). "Hundreds block central London bridges in protest over climate change". Evening Standard . Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  21. ↑ Vittozzi, Katerina (2018-11-17). "'Rebellion Day' activists plan to block five London bridges". Sky News . Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  22. 1 2 Gayle, Damien (21 November 2018). "Avoid London for days, police warn motorists amid 'swarming' protests". The Guardian . Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  23. ↑ Laville, Sandra (18 November 2018). "Artist Gavin Turk arrested in London climate change protest". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  24. ↑ Turk, Gavin (20 November 2018). "I was arrested at a climate change protest – it was worth it". The Guardian . Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  25. 1 2 3 O'Brien, Tim (17 November 2018). "Fine Gael criticised for 'self-congratulation' on climate change – Extinction Rebellion Dublin rally hears calls to 'stand up and fight' for the environment". The Irish Times . Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  26. ↑ Ebury-Jones, Tom; Sommerlad, Joe (21 November 2018). "Climate change protesters are 'swarming' major London roads to stop rush hour traffic" . The Independent . Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  27. ↑ Rose, Eleanor (21 November 2018). "'Swarming' protests by Extinction Rebellion stop London traffic". Evening Standard . Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  28. ↑ "Nick Ferrari Grills Climate Change Protester Blocking Roads in London". LBC. 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  29. ↑ King, Samantha (21 November 2018). "Environmental activists form human road blocks in effort to bring London to a standstill". Talkradio. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  30. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion protests block London bridges". BBC News . 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  31. ↑ Rose, Eleanor (23 November 2018). "Extinction Rebellion 'swarming' protests block traffic for third day running as angry commuters slam them as 'pests'". Evening Standard . Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  32. ↑ Searles, Michael (23 November 2018). "Commuter chaos: Extinction Rebellion creates central London gridlock for third straight day". City A.M. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  33. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion protest blocks bridge in York". Minster FM. 23 November 2018. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  34. ↑ "Protesters block Ouse Bridge in York city centre". York Press . 23 November 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  35. ↑ "Protesters block traffic on Botley Road". Oxford Mail . 23 November 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  36. ↑ Murphy, Simon (24 November 2018). "Environmental protesters block access to Parliament Square". The Guardian . Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  37. ↑ Clifton, Katy (24 November 2018). "Police make 14 arrests after thousands of activists descend on London". Evening Standard . Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  38. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion Hits Manchester with Climate Change Road Blocks, Die-In, March and Arrests". Salford Star. 25 November 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  39. ↑ Somerville, Ewan (25 November 2018). "Extinction Rebellion put climate in a coffin for 'funeral' and parade it around Sheffield". Forge Press . Archived from the original on 27 November 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  40. ↑ Gedge, Antony (24 November 2018). "Action demanded to prevent climate change". Cambrian News . Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  41. ↑ Spowart, Nan (25 November 2018). "Climate change rebel group rally in Edinburgh for Scottish launch". The National. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  42. ↑ Cork, Tristan (17 December 2018). "University professor arrested for graffiti attack". Bristolpost.co.uk. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  43. ↑ Strangways, Eleanor (19 December 2018). "Bristol lecturer arrested during climate change protest". Epigram . Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  44. ↑ Cork, Tristan (17 December 2018). "University professor arrested for graffiti attack". Bristol Post . Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  45. ↑ Herbaux, Claire Violette (15 December 2018). "Why police were called to protest as dozens 'die' in shopping centre". Somersetlive.co.uk. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  46. ↑ Clifton, Katy (21 December 2018). "BBC in London put on lockdown over climate change protest". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  47. ↑ Waterson, Jim (21 December 2018). "BBC's London HQ put on lockdown over climate change protest". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  48. ↑ Sagir, Ceren (21 December 2018). "Extinction Rebellion protest against the BBC's "failure to report" the true dangers of the climate crisis". Morning Star. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  49. ↑ Carrell, Severin (25 January 2019). "Extinction Rebellion activists occupy Scottish parliament". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  50. ↑ "Norwich road protesters removed from council meeting". BBC News . 11 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  51. ↑ "Climate protesters halt Gloucestershire County Council meeting". BBC News . 13 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  52. ↑ Petter, Olivia (17 February 2019). "This is why environmental activists are protesting at London Fashion Week" . The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  53. ↑ Bobb, Brooke (19 February 2019). "The Coats Worn at the Extinction Rebellion Protests in London Are Made From Fresh Seedling Grass". Vogue. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  54. ↑ Busby, Mattha (20 February 2019). "Extinction Rebellion co-founder 'shut out' at London fashion show". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  55. ↑ Dalton, Jane (9 March 2019). "Climate change rebellion protesters pour fake blood outside Downing Street" . The Independent . Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  56. ↑ Callingham, Fiona (20 March 2019). "Council declares climate emergency in Portsmouth in an 'historic act'". portsmouth.co.uk. The News – Portsmouth. Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  57. ↑ Dixon, Hayley (1 April 2019). "A dozen climate change protesters arrested after stripping off in Commons". The Telegraph. ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  58. ↑ Emerson, Sarah; Pearson, Jordan (1 April 2019). "Climate Change Activists Stripped Semi-Naked In British Parliament". Motherboard. Vice. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  59. ↑ "Climate protesters block London roads". BBC News. 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  60. 1 2 3 Watts, Jonathan; Gayle, Damien (19 April 2019). "Extinction Rebellion day five centres on tussle for control of Oxford Circus". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  61. 1 2 3 Taylor, Matthew; Gayle, Damien (20 April 2019). "Battle of Waterloo Bridge: a week of Extinction Rebellion protests". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  62. 1 2 Taylor, Matthew; Gayle, Damien (15 April 2019). "Thousands block roads in Extinction Rebellion protests across London". The Guardian . Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  63. ↑ Douglas, Noel (15 April 2019). "Climate activists set up trees on Waterloo Bridge". Sky News . Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  64. ↑ Bullen, Jamie (15 April 2019). "Extinction Rebellion: Shell HQ windows smashed as climate protest blocks London roads 1". The Telegraph. ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 2019-09-11.
  65. ↑ Cockburn, Harry (16 April 2019). "Over a hundred people arrested as London climate protests enter second day" . The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  66. ↑ Taylor, Matthew; Gayle, Damien (16 April 2019). "Police begin second wave of arrests in London climate protests". The Guardian . Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  67. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion: More than 100 arrests after police order climate protesters to stay at Marble Arch" . The Telegraph. 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  68. ↑ Smith, Helen-Ann (16 April 2019). "Police have begun making arrests of environmental protesters who have shut down Waterloo Bridge". Sky News . Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  69. ↑ Taylor, Matthew; Gayle, Damien; Brooks, Libby (16 April 2019). "Extinction Rebellion set to disrupt London rail and tube lines". The Guardian . Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  70. ↑ Hardy, Jack (16 April 2019). "Extinction Rebellion: Climate protesters dodge arrest after police run out of cells". The Telegraph. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  71. ↑ "City climate protest arrests close to 300". BBC News . 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  72. ↑ "Nearly 30 arrests at climate change protest". BBC Scotland. 16 April 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  73. ↑ Taylor, Matthew; Gayle, Damien; Brooks, Libby (17 April 2019). "Extinction Rebellion keep control of major London sites into a third day". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  74. ↑ Hartley-Parkinson, Richard (17 April 2019). "Climate protesters strike at busy station climbing on train and gluing to window". Metro. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  75. ↑ Giordano, Chiara (18 April 2019). "Three climate activists remanded in custody over London train protest" . The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  76. ↑ "Updated: Extinction Rebellion – BTP statement on protests in London". Media.btp.police.uk. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  77. ↑ "Police shut down London Tube's wifi in attempt to disrupt climate change protesters" . The Independent. 17 April 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  78. ↑ "Tube wifi turned off as protesters 'plan to glue themselves to trains'". Evening Standard. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  79. ↑ Jarvis, Jacob (17 April 2019). "Police march to Parliament Square to demand eco warriors move on". Evening Standard. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  80. ↑ Gayle, Damien; Taylor, Matthew (18 April 2019). "Extinction Rebellion: trio face a month in custody as judge denies bail". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  81. ↑ "London climate protests enter fourth day". news.yahoo.com. AFP. 18 April 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  82. ↑ Bethell, Chris; Segalov, Michael; Childs, Simon (18 April 2019). "Extinction Rebellion's Climate Protest Blocked Vauxhall Bridge". Vice. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  83. ↑ Extinction Rebellion: Did Banksy join climate activists?, BBC, 26 April 2019
  84. ↑ Lanre Bakare (26 April 2019), "London Extinction Rebellion mural is a Banksy, says expert", The Guardian
  85. ↑ Raoul Vaneigem (1994), The Revolution of Everyday Life, translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith, Left Bank Books, p. 32, ISBN   9780939306060
  86. ↑ Batchelor, Tom (18 April 2019). "Heathrow airport to be 'shut down' by Extinction Rebellion protesters as home secretary urges police to use 'full force of law'". news.yahoo.com. The Independent. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  87. ↑ Barry, Rebecca (18 April 2019). "Extinction Rebellion demonstrators plan to 'shut down Heathrow' on Good Friday". ITV News. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  88. ↑ Roe, Emily G; McKay, Hannah (19 April 2019). "Emma Thompson, weeping teenagers join peaceful climate protest in..." Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  89. ↑ "Teenage climate-change protesters threatened with arrest in video of Heathrow action" . The Independent. 19 April 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  90. ↑ Wills, Olivia; Tobin, Ella (2019-04-19). "Police descend on Oxford Circus as climate change protests continue". Evening Standard . Retrieved 2024-02-19.
  91. 1 2 "Extinction Rebellion: London Stock Exchange blocked by climate activists". BBC News. 25 April 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  92. ↑ Wills, Ella; Tobin, Olivia (25 April 2019). "Extinction Rebellion activists gather in Hyde Park to mark end of disruptive protests with 'closing ceremony'". Evening Standard. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  93. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion protester convicted of public order offence". The Guardian. 25 June 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  94. ↑ Nosheen Iqbal (13 July 2019). "Extinction Rebellion kick off weekend of protest with Dalston blockade". The Guardian.
  95. ↑ Snaith, Emma; Mitib, Ali (15 July 2019). "Extinction Rebellion protesters bring streets to standstill in five UK cities" . The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 19 July 2019. Glasgow - Messages saying "Act Now" and "The future you fear is already here", Bristol - "Tell the Truth"
  96. ↑ Molly Blackall (15 July 2019). "Extinction Rebellion protests block traffic in five UK cities". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  97. 1 2 Cochrane, Lauren (17 September 2019). "Extinction Rebellion stage funeral at London fashion week finale". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-09-18.
  98. ↑ Cartner-Morley, Jess (13 September 2019). "Extinction Rebellion activists target London fashion week". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-09-15.
  99. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion stage a die-in at London Fashion Week". Dazed. 13 September 2019. Retrieved 2019-09-15.
  100. ↑ "XR swarms Victoria Beckham show at London Fashion Week". Evening Standard. 15 September 2019. Retrieved 2019-09-15.
  101. ↑ Emily Dixon (17 September 2019). "Extinction Rebellion stages funeral procession to end London Fashion Week". CNN Style. Retrieved 2019-09-18.
  102. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion's Climate Change Protests at London Fashion Week - Photos". Vogue. Condé Nast. Retrieved 2019-09-18.
  103. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion holds funeral procession at London Fashion Week" . The Independent. 18 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2019-09-18.
  104. ↑ Otte, Jedidajah (21 September 2019). "Extinction Rebellion: 10 arrested at Dover protest". The Observer. ISSN   0029-7712 . Retrieved 2019-09-22– via www.theguardian.com.
  105. 1 2 "Extinction Rebellion protesters including 91-year-old arrested after activists 'glue' themselves to street" . The Independent. 21 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2019-09-22.
  106. 1 2 "Ten arrested at climate change protest". BBC News. 21 September 2019. Retrieved 2019-09-22.
  107. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion: 91-year-old climate protester arrested near port of Dover". Sky News. Retrieved 2019-09-22.
  108. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion protesters spray fake blood on to Treasury". The Guardian. 3 October 2019. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-03.
  109. ↑ Davies, Gareth (3 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion spray fake blood on Treasury building as police arrest four for criminal damage". The Telegraph. ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 2019-10-03.
  110. ↑ "Protesters 'lose control of fake blood hose'". BBC News. Retrieved 2019-10-03.
  111. 1 2 Christian, Bonnie (6 October 2019). "XR activists host 'opening ceremony' ahead of London protests". Evening Standard. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  112. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion protests: UK arrests as global demonstrations begin". BBC. 7 October 2019.
  113. ↑ Christian, Bonnie (5 October 2019). "Police arrest 10 XR activists ahead of planned disruption in London". Evening Standard. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  114. ↑ "Ten arrested ahead of London climate protests". BBC News. 5 October 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  115. ↑ Wood, Vincent (6 October 2019). "Metropolitan police accused of 'assault on civil liberties' after 'pre-emptive' arrests of Extinction Rebellion activists" . The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  116. ↑ Gayle, Damien (5 October 2019). "London police arrest Extinction Rebellion activists before protest". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  117. ↑ "International Rebellion". Extinction Rebellion. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
  118. 1 2 Taylor, Matthew (23 September 2019). "Extinction Rebellion plans new London climate crisis shutdowns". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-03.
  119. ↑ "Police call for new legal powers over protests as Extinction Rebellion starts fresh action" . The Independent. 2 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2019-10-03.
  120. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion: police accused of 'losing control' of protest as government urged to step in". The Daily Telegraph. 8 October 2019.
  121. ↑ Gareth Davies (14 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion bring traffic to standstill around Bank of England as group targets City of London". The Daily Telegraph.
  122. ↑ Demianyk, Graeme (6 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion 'Opening Ceremony' Kicks Off Two Weeks Of Protests In London". HuffPost UK. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  123. ↑ "280 arrests at Extinction Rebellion rally as PM pours scorn on protesters". Sky News. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  124. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion protests - live: Police drag woman along ground as activists launch effort to shut down London City Airport" . The Independent . 10 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  125. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion protesters arrested at London City airport". The Guardian. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  126. ↑ Davies, Gareth (10 October 2019). "Blind Paralympian climbs onto roof of British Airways plane in Extinction Rebellion protests at London City Airport". The Telegraph . Archived from the original on 10 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  127. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion: Man climbs on top of plane in climate protests". BBC . 10 October 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
  128. ↑ "'No one in, no one out': Extinction Rebellion block BBC headquarters". Sky News . 11 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  129. ↑ Gayle, Damien; Taylor, Matthew (11 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion takes aim at BBC as arrests mount". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-13.
  130. ↑ "Esmeralda de Belgique: "On m'a mise dans une cellule" (interview)" [Esmeralda of Belgium: "I was put in a cell"]. L'Echo (Belgium) (in French). 11 October 2019.
  131. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion: James Brown denies plane nuisance charge". BBC News. 12 October 2019.
  132. ↑ Menendez, Elisa (10 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion arrests over 1,000 in four days of protests". The Metro . Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  133. ↑ Jarvis, Jacob (12 October 2019). "XR hold 'funeral march' as arrest total tops previous mass protests". Evening Standard . Retrieved 2019-10-13.
  134. ↑ Gayle, Damien (12 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion arrests near 1,300 after Billingsgate protest". The Guardian . ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-13.
  135. ↑ Gayle, Damien; Taylor, Matthew (14 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion activists arrested at Bank of England protest". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-14.
  136. ↑ Davies, Gareth (14 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion bring traffic to standstill around Bank of England as group targets City of London". The Telegraph. ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 2019-10-14.
  137. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion protests banned from London". BBC News . 15 October 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-15.
  138. 1 2 3 Gayle, Damien (14 October 2019). "Police ban Extinction Rebellion protests from whole of London". The Guardian . ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-15.
  139. 1 2 Taylor, Matthew (15 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion activists defy London-wide protest ban". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-15.
  140. ↑ Taylor, Matthew; Dodd, Vikram; Murray, Jessica; Gayle, Damien (15 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion to fight ban on protesting in London in court". The Guardian .
  141. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion banned from London by police after 'disrupting' City workers" . The Independent. 15 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  142. ↑ Damien Gayle (16 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion lawyers apply for judicial review over protest ban". The Guardian.
  143. 1 2 3 Gayle, Damien; Dodd, Vikram; Murray, Jessica (16 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion defies protest ban and targets Google". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-17.
  144. ↑ "Green Party co-leader and George Monbiot arrested at XR protest". Evening Standard. 16 October 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-17.
  145. 1 2 "Extinction Rebellion activists disrupt London Underground". The Guardian. 17 October 2019. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-17.
  146. ↑ "Furious commuters drag Extinction Rebellion protester from top of Tube". Sky News. Retrieved 2019-10-17.
  147. ↑ "Don't be fooled into thinking that climate activism is just for poshos". Dazed. 17 October 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  148. ↑ Hinsliff, Gaby (17 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion has built up so much goodwill. It mustn't throw that away". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  149. ↑ "Opinion: Extinction Rebellion's treatment of class and race blocks its goal of climate justice" . The Independent. 15 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  150. ↑ "How Extinction Rebellion Inadvertently Stoked A Class War". HuffPost UK. 18 October 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  151. ↑ Gill, Charlotte (17 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion have turned climate change into a class war". The Telegraph. ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  152. ↑ Ball, Tom; Webster, Ben; Webber, Esther (18 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion apologises after commuters drag protester off train". The Times. ISSN   0140-0460 . Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  153. 1 2 "XR admit Tube protest was 'own goal' because it annoyed people". Evening Standard. 17 October 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-17.
  154. 1 2 3 Taylor, Matthew (17 October 2019). "'It has been polarising': tube protest divides Extinction Rebellion". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  155. 1 2 3 "Extinction Rebellion activist 'attacked by mob on Tube' as climate protesters block train in London" . The Independent. 17 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  156. ↑ "Most Extinction Rebellion activists did not want to disrupt the Tube". Metro. 17 October 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  157. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion blocks Oxford Circus". BBC News. 18 October 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  158. ↑ Gayle, Damien (18 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion blocks Oxford Circus in London with pyramid". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  159. ↑ Gayle, Damien; Walker, Peter (18 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion protester climbs Big Ben in day of climate action". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  160. ↑ Gardner, Bill; Davies, Gareth (18 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion protester: 'I won't come down from Big Ben until Boris Johnson gives me a call'". The Telegraph. ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  161. ↑ "A crude performance: Semi-naked climate activists protest BP art sponsorship". The Japan Times Online. 21 October 2019. ISSN   0447-5763 . Retrieved 2019-10-21.
  162. 1 2 3 Busby, Mattha (20 October 2019). "Semi-naked activists protest against National Portrait Gallery's links with BP". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-10-21.
  163. ↑ Holden, Emily (18 November 2019). "Hunger strikers target Pelosi in push for Democrats to take action on climate crisis". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-12-09– via www.theguardian.com.
  164. ↑ Murray, Jessica (27 November 2019). "'The power of vulnerability': meet Extinction Rebellion's hunger strikers". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-12-09– via www.theguardian.com.
  165. ↑ Walker, Peter; Gayle, Damien (4 December 2019). "Extinction Rebellion bee protester glues himself to Lib Dem bus". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-12-09– via www.theguardian.com.
  166. ↑ "Climate change activists target Lib Dem bus". RTE. 4 December 2019.
  167. ↑ "Activists who glued themselves to slabs arrested". BBC News. 9 December 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  168. 1 2 Thomas, Tobi (9 December 2019). "Extinction Rebellion stages air pollution protests in London and Manchester". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-12-09– via www.theguardian.com.
  169. ↑ Rucki, Alexandra (9 December 2019). "Five arrests as police break up Manchester Extinction Rebellion roadblock". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  170. ↑ "Climate activists dig up Trinity College lawn". BBC News. 17 February 2020.
  171. ↑ "One arrest after Extinction Rebellion activists dig up Cambridge college lawn" . The Independent. 18 February 2020. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2020-02-21.
  172. ↑ Murray, Jessica; Storer, Rhi (28 August 2020). "Extinction Rebellion to block streets in London, Manchester and Cardiff". TheGuardian.com . Archived from the original on 2020-09-11. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
  173. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion-backed climate Bill to be heard in Parliament". Left Foot Forward. 2 September 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-09-19. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
  174. ↑ Hayward, Will (2 September 2020). "Photos show latest Cardiff protest by Extinction Rebellion". WalesOnline. Archived from the original on 2020-09-02. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
  175. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion protesters attempt to storm new BBC building in Cardiff". ITV News. 3 September 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-09-05. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
  176. ↑ "Newspapers delayed as Extinction Rebellion blocks printing presses". BBC News. 5 September 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-09-05. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  177. ↑ Iqbal, Nosheen (5 September 2020). "Climate activists accused of 'attacking free press' by blockading print works". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2020-09-05. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
  178. ↑ Patel, Priti. "This morning people across the country will be prevented from reading their newspaper because of the actions of Extinction Rebellion". Twitter. Archived from the original on 2020-09-05. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  179. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion 'could be reclassified as organised crime group' - but Abbott likens them to suffragettes". Sky News. Archived from the original on 2020-09-10. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
  180. ↑ Iqbal, Nosheen; Walawalkar, Aaron (2020-09-12). "UK move to classify Extinction Rebellion 'organised crime group' comes under fire". The Observer. ISSN   0029-7712. Archived from the original on 2020-09-12. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
  181. 1 2 @MetPoliceEvents. "Tweet". twitter.com. Archived from the original on 2021-04-19. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
  182. ↑ "Police seize Lightship Greta boat pushed from Brighton to London by activists". The Argus. 6 September 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-09-06. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
  183. ↑ Dixon-French, Sam (1 September 2020). "This is why a ship sailed through Horsham town centre". Mid Sussex Times. Archived from the original on 2020-09-01. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  184. ↑ "Armistice Day: Centenary of Unknown Warrior burial marked". BBC News. 11 November 2020.
  185. 1 2 "Extinction Rebellion climate protesters march at G7 summit". Deutsche Welle . 11 June 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  186. ↑ Hancock, Sam (24 August 2021). "'Best club in London': Extinction Rebellion closes streets as it launches latest mass protest". The Independent . Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  187. ↑ Nachiappan, Arthi (25 August 2021). "Extinction Rebellion has sights on City of London as it decries 'infinite growth'" . The Times . Archived from the original on 25 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  188. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion: Protesters block London's Oxford Circus". BBC. 25 August 2021. Archived from the original on 25 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  189. ↑ Ahmed, Kaamil (26 August 2021). "Animal Rebellion paints Buckingham Palace fountain red". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  190. ↑ Gayle, Damien (27 August 2021). "Extinction Rebellion targets City of London in 'blood money' protest". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  191. ↑ Sabin, Lamiat (3 November 2021). "Cop26: Arrests as hundreds of Extinction Rebellion protesters march through Glasgow" . The Independent . Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  192. ↑ "COP26: Five arrests as hundreds march in Glasgow". BBC News. 3 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  193. ↑ Freyne, Patrick (3 November 2021). "Cop26: 'It's called Cop26 because everywhere you go there are 26 cops'". The Irish Times . Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  194. ↑ Taylor, Matthew (26 November 2021). "Extinction Rebellion blockades Amazon UK hubs on Black Friday". The Guardian . Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  195. ↑ McKie, Robin (17 April 2022). "Six arrested after climate activists scale oil tanker in central London". The Guardian.
  196. ↑ "'We can't afford this anymore': Extinction Rebellion takes action inside Parliament to demand a Citizens' Assembly". Extinction Rebellion UK. 2022-09-02. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  197. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion activists mark Earth Day at central London climate protest". Sky News. Retrieved 2023-04-23.
  198. ↑ CeFaan Kim (26 January 2019). "Protesters climb gold statue at Rockefeller Center; 9 arrested". Eyewitness News ABC. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  199. ↑ Brahmjot Kaur (17 April 2019). "Over 60 Climate Change Activists Arrested In NYC 'Die-In'". Gothamist. Archived from the original on 10 October 2019. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  200. ↑ Scottie Andrew and Saeed Ahmed (27 June 2019). "New York City declares a climate emergency, the first US city with more than a million residents to do so". CNN. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  201. ↑ Emilie Ruscoe and Esha Ray (23 June 2019). "70 people arrested protesting climate change outside New York Times hq in Midtown". New York Daily News. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  202. ↑ "Media Standards — Extinction Rebellion NYC". xrebellion.nyc. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  203. ↑ Jillian Ambrose (3 September 2019). "New York Times drops sponsorship of oil conference". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  204. ↑ "Richard McLachlan's Extinction Rebellion NYC Subway Talk!". YouTube. 31 July 2019. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  205. ↑ Jake Offenhartz (12 August 2019). "Protesters Demand Cuomo Ally Evict ICE From Manhattan Office Building". Gothamist. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  206. ↑ "Dancers block New York street in protest of Amazon rainforest fires". Newsflare.
  207. ↑ Kim, Elizabeth (9 September 2019). "Man Climbs World's Fair Unisphere To Draw Attention To Climate Change". Gothamist. Archived from the original on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 2019-09-10.
  208. ↑ Yakas, Ben (7 October 2019). "Wall Street Bull Showered In Fake Blood & At Least 26 People Arrested At Climate Change Protest". Gothamist. Archived from the original on 7 October 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-07.
  209. ↑ Adam, Karla (7 October 2019). "Extinction Rebellion: Meet the climate protesters blocking traffic in cities around the world". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-10-07.
  210. ↑ Tracy, Thomas (10 October 2019). "Climate change activists glue their hands to a boat in Times Square, get arrested and cause gridlock". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 2019-10-11. Retrieved 2020-03-08.
  211. ↑ Jiménez, Jesus; Streeter, Kurt (2023-09-08). "Protest Stops U.S. Open Semifinal Match" . The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2024-02-19.
  212. ↑ Giri, Nathan (2023-09-08). "U.S. Open Semifinal Delayed By Climate Change Protestor Who Apparently Superglued His Feet To Stadium | Defector". defector.com. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  213. ↑ "Protesters disrupt Travelers final round with last group on 18 green". NBC Sports. 2024-06-23. Retrieved 2024-06-24.
  214. ↑ Ellement, John R.; McKenna, Charlie (2021-09-28). "Seven protesters arrested after chaining themselves to a pink sailboat in front of Governor Baker's home - The Boston Globe". Boston Globe . Retrieved 2024-02-19.
  215. ↑ Cutler, Sonel; Law, Claire (2023-06-15). "Climate protestors arrested at State House after disrupting Senate session, baring backsides". Boston Globe . Retrieved 2024-02-19.
  216. 1 2 3 Dewberry, Sarah (2024-04-20). "At least 20 environmental protesters arrested at Massachusetts airport, police say". CNN. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  217. ↑ "Sunset Blvd. Reopens After Climate Change Demonstration". CBS Los Angeles . 23 September 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  218. ↑ Schechter, Joel (2023-10-18). "Wells Fargo CEO 'arrested' for climate crimes in Extinction Rebellion action". 48 hills. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  219. ↑ "Climate activists occupy Wells Fargo lobby in San Francisco". KTVU FOX 2. 2023-10-26. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  220. ↑ "Jailed young climate activists should be affecting policy". Orlando Sentinel. 14 October 2021. Retrieved 2024-09-17.
  221. ↑ Woodruff, Chase (2019-09-24). "Climate Protesters Disrupt Denver Traffic, Eight Arrested". Westword. Retrieved 2020-01-13.
  222. ↑ Thomas, Dillon (2019-11-29). "Protesters Arrested After Halting Traffic Outside Cherry Creek Mall On Black Friday". CBS Denver. Retrieved 2020-07-14.
  223. ↑ Ramakrishnan, Jayati (2020-02-28). "Case against 5 who built garden on train tracks to block oil train ends in mistrial". Oregon Live . Archived from the original on 2020-03-06. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  224. ↑ Is Climate Change Urgent Enough to Justify a Crime? A Jury in Portland Was Asked to Decide Archived 2020-03-29 at the Wayback Machine , Inside Climate News , Lee Van Der Voo, 20 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  225. ↑ Sulda, Dixie (15 April 2019). "Climate change protesters forcibly removed from Parliament House". The Advertiser. Adelaide. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  226. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion activists stop coal train in Brisbane". The Guardian . Australian Associated Press. 19 April 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  227. ↑ Koob, Simone Fox; Cowie, Tom (21 March 2021). "Extinction Rebellion: Commuter disruption set for Melbourne CBD as climate activists begin week-long 'autumn rebellion'". The Age (Australia).
  228. ↑ "Chaos as Extinction Rebellion protesters hit the streets across Australia once again | 7NEWS". 7News Australia. 26 March 2021.
  229. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion - Melbourne Autumn Rebellion / Week of mass disruption | Blog | Photojournalism - production stills - live performances". Archived from the original on 2021-08-07. Retrieved 2021-09-27.
  230. ↑ "Adopt a branch".
  231. ↑ Schuijers, Laura (2021-05-27). "In a landmark judgment, the Federal Court found the environment minister has a duty of care to young people". The Conversation .
  232. ↑ Gould, Courtney (2021-08-06). "Climate protesters taken into custody after 'disruptive stunt' at Department of Agriculture in Canberra". The Australian . Archived from the original on 2021-08-07.
  233. ↑ Webber, Miriam (4 August 2021). "Extinction Rebellion protests cause peak-hour traffic drama on Kings Ave". The Canberra Times.
  234. ↑ Zaczek, Zoe (5 August 2021). "Extinction Rebellion cause chaos at Josh Frydenberg's office". SkyNews.
  235. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion: Duty of Care action at Josh Frydenberg's office | Blog | Photojournalism - production stills - live performances". Archived from the original on 2021-10-31. Retrieved 2021-09-27.
  236. ↑ Swain, Sarah (2022-10-09). "Protesters arrested after gluing themselves to Picasso painting". 9News Australia. Retrieved 2022-10-10.
  237. ↑ Ore, Adeshola (2022-10-09). "Prized Picasso 'unharmed' after Extinction Rebellion activists glue hands to painting in Melbourne". The Guardian . Retrieved 2022-10-10.
  238. ↑ Watson, Angus; Stambaugh, Alex (2022-10-09). "Extinction Rebellion activists glue themselves to Picasso painting". CNN . Retrieved 2022-10-10.
  239. ↑ "Three charged after climate activist Deanna 'Violet' Coco and others block traffic on Melbourne's West Gate Bridge". The Guardian. Australian Associated Press. 2024-03-05. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  240. ↑ Chen, Heather (2023-12-10). "Extinction Rebellion climate activists dye Venice's Grand Canal green in COP 28 protest". CNN. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  241. ↑ "Venice hands protestors four-year bans for Grand Canal stunt". NZ Herald. 2024-10-18. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  242. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion activists target controversial Italian statue". euronews. 2023-07-24. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  243. ↑ CNA. "Climate activists disrupt archbishop's Mass in Turin". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  244. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion protesters chain themselves up outside G7 summit". euronews. 2024-06-15. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  245. ↑ Cockburn, Harry (16 April 2019). "Climate change activists who occupied International Criminal Court arrested by Dutch police" . The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  246. ↑ "A12 weer vrij na protestactie Extinction Rebellion". nos.nl (in Dutch). 2022-07-06. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
  247. ↑ "Nauwelijks politie aanwezig op A12, blokkade opgeheven". NU (in Dutch). 2023-09-27. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
  248. ↑ "Klimaatbetogers blokkeren opnieuw snelweg A10". nos.nl (in Dutch). 2024-02-24. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  249. ↑ "Noodverordening Maastricht Airport verlengd na protest Extinction Rebellion". nos.nl (in Dutch). 2024-03-09. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  250. ↑ "Disney-cruiseschip slaat Amsterdam over na Extinction Rebellion-acties". nos.nl (in Dutch). 2024-08-25. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  251. ↑ "Rijksmuseum gesloten vanwege blokkade Extinction Rebellion". nos.nl (in Dutch). 2024-09-07. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  252. ↑ "Klimataktionsgrupp blockerade gator i Stockholm – DN.SE" . Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 17 November 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  253. ↑ "Activistas de la organización ecologista Extinction Rebellion bloquean el acceso a la sede de Repsol en Madrid". 20minutos (in Spanish). EFE. 15 April 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
  254. ↑ Smith, Bill (2019-04-16). "Police detain 209 climate change protesters over London blockades". IOL . London. Retrieved 2024-02-19.
  255. ↑ "Activists dye River Limmat green in Zurich". SWI swissinfo.ch. 2019-09-10. Retrieved 2020-07-14.
  256. ↑ Wood, Vincent (2019-09-12). "Zurich river dyed luminous green by Extinction Rebellion activists" . Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2020-07-14.
  257. ↑ "Climate protesters dye Zurich river green". The Jakarta Post . Geneva, Switzerland. Agence France-Presse. 2019-09-11. Retrieved 2019-09-12.
  258. ↑ Baker, Tim (2019-09-11). "Extinction Rebellion activists dye river in Zurich green". Evening Standard . Retrieved 2019-09-12.
  259. 1 2 3 4 5 "Extinction Rebellion". BBC News . 7 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-10-08. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
  260. ↑ Nasr, Joseph (7 October 2019). "Merkel defends climate plan as activists block Berlin squares" . Reuters . Archived from the original on 2019-10-08. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  261. ↑ Webb, Carolyn (7 October 2019). "'A duty to disobey': who are Extinction Rebellion?". The Sydney Morning Herald . Archived from the original on 2019-10-08. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  262. ↑ McGreevy, Ronan; Horgan-Jones, Jack (2019-10-11). "Extinction Rebellion protesters arrested after chaining themselves to Dáil". The Irish Times . Retrieved 2020-07-14.
  263. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion cyclists cause disruption during Jersey's rush hour". ITV News . 21 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-10-22. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  264. ↑ "No More Excuses: The World Bank Must Halt All Funding for Fossil Fuels". Common Dreams. Archived from the original on 2019-12-06. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  265. ↑ Lang, Marissa J. (6 December 2019). "Climate change protesters block downtown D.C. streets in hours-long protest". Washington Post . Archived from the original on 6 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  266. ↑ "Billedserie: "Klimarebeller" demonstrerer mod udvidelsen af lufthavnen i Kastrup" [Photo series: "Climate rebels" demonstrate against the expansion of the airport in Kastrup]. www.altinget.dk. 27 January 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-01-28. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  267. ↑ "Aktivister lænker sig fast i lufthavnen" [Activists chain themselves at the airport]. arbejderen.dk. Archived from the original on 2020-01-27. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  268. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion protesters arrested at coal protest in Dunedin". Radio New Zealand . 4 December 2021. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  269. ↑ "Dunedin Railway Station protest: 8 arrests, tracks cleared". The Star . Allied Press. 4 December 2021. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  270. ↑ Matthews, Brad. "Extinction Rebellion climate protesters glued themselves to Ferrari cars at Paris Motor Show". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.