1447

Vasily II is restored the throne of Moscow

1447 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1447 MCDXLVII
Ab urbe condita	2200
Armenian calendar	896 ԹՎ ՊՂԶ
Assyrian calendar	6197
Balinese saka calendar	1368–1369
Bengali calendar	853–854
Berber calendar	2397
English Regnal year	25  Hen. 6  – 26  Hen. 6
Buddhist calendar	1991
Burmese calendar	809
Byzantine calendar	6955–6956
Chinese calendar	丙寅年 (Fire  Tiger) 4144 or 3937     — to — 丁卯年 (Fire  Rabbit) 4145 or 3938
Coptic calendar	1163–1164
Discordian calendar	2613
Ethiopian calendar	1439–1440
Hebrew calendar	5207–5208
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1503–1504
- Shaka Samvat	1368–1369
- Kali Yuga	4547–4548
Holocene calendar	11447
Igbo calendar	447–448
Iranian calendar	825–826
Islamic calendar	850–851
Japanese calendar	Bun'an 4 (文安４年)
Javanese calendar	1362–1363
Julian calendar	1447 MCDXLVII
Korean calendar	3780
Minguo calendar	465 before ROC 民前465年
Nanakshahi calendar	−21
Thai solar calendar	1989–1990
Tibetan calendar	阳火虎年 (male Fire-Tiger) 1573 or 1192 or 420     — to — 阴火兔年 (female Fire-Rabbit) 1574 or 1193 or 421

Year 1447 ( MCDXLVII ) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 4 – Barnaba Adorno becomes the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa when his cousin Raffaele Adorno steps down after slightly less than four years in office. Baranaba holds the office for only a few weeks before being forced by the Adorno family's rivals, the Campofregoso family to flee the Doge's Palace on January 29. ^[1]
• January 30 – Giano di Campofregoso is elected as the new Doge of Genoa the day after his family forces Barnaba Adorno out of the city. ^[1]
• February 11 – The English Parliament is opened by King Henry VI for a three week session that closes on March 3.
• February 20 – Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, uncle and heir apparent of King Henry VI of England, is arrested on a charge of treason. He dies from a stroke three days later while imprisoned at Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk ^[2] Richard of York becomes next in line for the throne.
• February 23 – Pope Eugene IV, leader of the Roman Catholic Church since 1431, dies shortly after issuing his last papal bulls.
• February 27 – Vasily II returns as Grand Prince of Moscow after being recalled from exile by Dmitry Shemyaka, who had blinded him the year before. Shemyaka still attempts to control the Principality of Moscow.
• March 4 – The papal conclave opens at the Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome with 18 of the 24 living members of the College of Cardinals arriving to select a new Popel With 12 votes necessary for the require two-thirds needed for an election, Cardinal Prospero Colonna receives 10 and Cardinal Domenico Capranica gets 8. ^{[3] [4]}
• March 6 – On the fourth vote of the papal conclave, Prospero Colonna is still unable to gain more than 10 votes, and Cardinal Capranica addresses the group, warning that Rome would be under attack from the King of Aragon. At the intervention of Cardinal Giovanni Berardi, the cardinals begin voting for a compromise candidate, Tommaso Parentucelli, who wins 12 votes. Parentucelli then takes the regnal name of Pope Nicholas V, the 208th Bishop of Rome and Pope. ^[5]
• March 13 – At Herat, Ulugh Beg (born Mirza Muhammad Taraghay) becomes the new ruler of the Timurid Empire upon the death of his father Sharukh Mirza, who had reigned for 42 years. ^[6] The Empire is in decline but still controls most of what is now Afghanistan as well as parts of Iraq and Pakistan.
• March 16 – A major fire destroys the centre of Valencia.
• March 19 – The coronation of Tommaso Parentucelli as Pope Nicholas V takes place in Rome. The crown is placed upon his head by Cardinal Prospero Colonna, who had come within two votes of being selected as the Pope on March 5.
• March 26 – Dmitry Shemyaka flees Moscow from the supporters of Vasily II.
• Franzes I, Duke of Brittany, reverses the policy of his father, the late Duke Yann the Wise and allows the Caquin minority to have certain rights of trade within specified areas in the bishoporic of Vannes. ^[7]

April – June

• April 20 – Abdal-Latif Mirza, son of the recently-crowned Timurid Emperor Ulugh Beg, is defeated in battle at Nishapur by his cousin Ala al-Dawla Mirza, another claimant to the Timurid throne, shortly after Abdal-Latif had captured the city of Damghan and al-Dawla had conquered Mashad. ^[8]
• April 22 – (5 Safar 851 AH) Khwaja Ubaidullah Ahrar becomes the new leader of the tariqa (order) of Süleymancılar among adherents of Sufism in what is now Turkey. ^[9]
• May 6 – In a royal wedding at Lisbon, King Afonso V of Portugal is married to his first cousin, Princess Isabel of Coimbra, when both of them are 15 years old. Isabel is the daughter of Afonso's uncle, Dom Pedro, Duke of Coimbra, who continues to serve as the regent for King Afonso. ^[10]
• June 25 – Kazimieras Jogailaitis, Grand Duke of Lithuania since 1440, is crowned King of Poland as Casimir IV Jagiellon, bringing an end to an interregnum that had existed since 1444 when Casimir's brother King Wladyslaw III had left Poland to fight in a Crusade against the Ottoman Turks. ^[11]

July – September

• July 13 – At Suceava (now in Romania) Stefan II], Voivode of Moldavia since 1434, is killed in a coup d'etat by his nephew, Roman II. ^[12]
• July 22 – In a royal wedding at the cathedral in Madrigal de las Altas Torres in the Kingdom of Castile (now in Spain) Princess Isabella of Portugal, cousin of King Afonso VI, marries King Juan II of Castile. ^[13]
• August 13 – The Milanese War of Succession begins in Italy when Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan since 1412, dies from natural causes. ^[14] In that Visconti had no male heir, he had bequeathed the Duchy to King Afonso V, ruler of the Kingdom of Naples (in Italy) and the Crown of Aragon (in Spain), as well as his son-in-law Francesco I Sforza and Sigismund, Archduke of Austria.
• August 14 – As competition begins over who will inherit the right to rule the Duchy of Milan, members of the University of Pavia proclaim the Golden Ambrosian Republic (Aurea Repubblica Ambrosiana), ruled by a 12-member council, the Capitani della Libertà (Captains of Liberty), led by professor Giorgio Lampugnano. ^[15]
• September 15 – Roman II seizes the throne of Moldavia after killing his uncle, Stephen II, and makes plans to enlist his other uncle, Petru as co-ruler. ^[16]

October – December

• October 11 – In the Battle of Bosco Marengo in Italy, the army the Ambrosian Republic of Milan defeats the 3,000-member force of the Duchy of Orléans, killing half of their troops while losing only 500 of its 3,700 men. ^[17]
• November 16 – In the War of the Milanese Succession, Francesco Sforza, leader of the forces of the Ambrosian Republic of Milan, overwhelms the city of Piacenza after a siege that began on October 1. According to a contemporary account, Piacenza "endured every evil" from the Milanese over the next 50 days. Cristoforo da Soldo comments that "as for the ravaging of the land that was plundered, it would take a great pile of paper to write down the many cruelties. All the chuchese were robbed.. virgins, married women, widows, and nuns, all of them were shamed, abused and wrongly molested." ^[18]
• December 7 – Vlad II Dracul, ruler of Wallachia, and his eldest son Mircea are assassinated outside of Bucharest. ^[19] Vladislav II succeeds him, with the assistance of John Hunyadi, beginning the Albanian–Venetian War.
• December 16 – Lodovico di Campofregoso becomes the Doge of the Republic of Genoa, succeeding his older brother, Giano I, who had taken office "for life

Date unknown

• The Siege of Soest, Germany, occurs, in the course of the Soest Feud.
• Tashi Lhunpo Monastery is founded by the 1st Dalai Lama at its original location in Shigatse, Tibet. ^[20]
• Iizasa Ienao founds Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū, the earliest historically verifiable Japanese koryū martial art, that will still be extant in modern times. ^[21]

Births

• February 1 – Eberhard II, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1504)
• February 4 – Lodovico Lazzarelli, Italian poet (d. 1500)
• April 5 – Catherine of Genoa, Italian author and nurse (d. 1510)
• April 17 – Baptista Mantuanus, poet and carmelite (d. 1516)
• June 27 – Jean IV de Rieux, Breton noble and Marshal (d. 1518)
• July 5 – Costanzo I Sforza, Italian noble (d. 1483)
• September 10 – Paolo da San Leocadio, Italian painter in Spain (d. 1520)
• October 30 – Lucas Watzenrode, Prince-Bishop of Warmia (d. 1512)
• December 3 – Bayezid II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1512)
• December 9 – Chenghua Emperor of China (d. 1487)
• December 15 – Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1508)
• date unknown
  • Piero Capponi, Italian soldier and statesman (d. 1496)
  • Philippe de Commines, Flemish historian (d. 1511) ^[22]
  • Catherine of Genoa, Catholic mystic (d. 1510)
• probable
  • Giovanni Antonio Amadeo, Italian sculptor (d. 1522)

Deaths

• February 23
  • Pope Eugene IV (b. 1383) ^[23]
  • Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1390)
• March 6 – Colette of Corbie, French abbess and saint in the Catholic Church (b. 1381) ^[24]
• March 13 – Shahrukh Mirza, ruler of Persia and Transoxonia (b. 1377)
• March 31 – Robert Long, English politician (b. 1390)
• April 11 – Henry Beaufort, Cardinal, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1377)
• April 22 – Yaqub al-Charkhi, Sufism (b. 1359)
• May 1 – Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt (b. 1368)
• May 12 – Hein Hoyer, German politician (b. 1380)
• July 6 – António Martins de Chaves, Catholic cardinal (b. 1390)
• July 9 – Gruffudd Vychan, Welsh knight (b. 1390)
• July 13 – Stephen II of Moldavia, Prince of Moldavia (b. 1410)
• August 5 – John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, English nobleman and military commander (b. 1395)
• August 9 – Konrad IV the Elder, Polish priest (b. 1380)
• August 13 – Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan (b. 1392)
• October 31 – Tommaso Bellacci, Italian Roman Catholic professed member of the Third Order of Saint Francis (b. 1370)
• November 17 – Euphemia of Münsterberg, German sovereign (b. 1385) ^[25]
• November 21 – Biagio Molino, Roman Catholic patriarch (b. 1380)
• December – Vlad II Dracul, Prince of Wallachia, and his son Mircea II ^[26]

References

1. Buonadonna, Sergio; Mario Mercenaro (2007). De Ferrari Editori (ed.). Rosso doge. I dogi della Repubblica di Genova dal 1339 al 1797. Genova.
2. . Vickers, Kenneth (1907). Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester: A Biography. London: Archibald Constable. p. 293. LCCN   09008417. OCLC   1211527.
3. Thomas M. Izbicki, 2007, "The politics of a conclave: the papal election of 1447." Cristianesimo nella storia, pp. 277-284
4. John P. Adams, "Sede Vacante 1447". California State University Northridge. 2016.
5. T. Adolphus Trollope, The Papal Conclaves, as They Were and as They Are (London: Chapman and Hall, 1876) pp. 140-141
6. Jackson, Peter; Lockhart, Lawrence (1986). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. VI. Cambridge University Press. p. 103. ISBN   978-0-521-20094-3.
7. "Caquins et Caquineries dans l'ancien diocèse de Saint-Brieuc" [Caquins and Caquineries in the former diocese of Saint-Brieuc]. Le site de Michel Chevalier, bibliothécaire de la Société d'Émulation des Côtes d'Armor (in French). Retrieved 31 January 2015.
8. "Ulugh Beg", Volume II of Four Studies on the History of Central Asia, by V. V. Barthold (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1958) p.147
9. Moshe Gammer, Muslim Resistance to the Tsar: Shamil and the Conquest of Chechnia and Daghestan (Portland OR: Frank Cass, 1994)
10. Rogers, Francis M. (1961). The Travels of the Infante Dom Pedro of Portugal. Harvard Studies in Romance Languages. Vol. XXVI. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 59.
11. Frost, Robert (2015). The Making of the Polish-Lithuanian Union 1385–1569, Volume 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 327. ISBN   978-0-19-101787-2.
12. Ștefan Ștefănescu, Istoria medie a României, *(Bucharest, 1991) p.105
13. Tremlett, Giles (2017-02-09). Isabella of Castile: Europe's First Great Queen. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN   978-1-4088-5396-2.
14.  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Hayes, Carlton Joseph Huntley (1911). "Visconti s.v. Filippo Maria". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 129.
15. A History of Milan under the Sforza. Cecilia M. Ady, Edward Armstrong; Methuen & Co., 1907. Archived 2008-05-06 at the Wayback Machine
16. A. D. Xenopol, Istoria romînilor din Dacia Traiană, Vol. III, chapter 3 (Iaşi, 1896) pp.127-128
17. Moreri, Louis (1759). Le grand dictionnaire historique, ou Le mélange curieux de l'histoire sacrée et profane (The Great Historical Dictionary, or The Curious Mixture of Sacred and Profane History): Vol.3 (PDF). Paris.
18. Diana Robin, Filelfo in Milan: Writings 1451-1477 (Princeton University Press, 2014) p.65
19. Constantin Rezachevici, Cronologia critică a domnilor din Țara Românească și Moldova a. 1324 – 1881 (Critical Chronology of the Lords of Wallachia and Moldavia 1324 – 1881) (Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedică, 2001)
20. Chö Yang: The Voice of Tibetan Religion and Culture. (1991) Year of Tibet Edition, p. 79. Gangchen Kyishong, Dharmasala, H.P., India.
21. According to Ryū's own sources.
22. Michel de Montaigne (1914). Selections from Montaigne. D.C. Heath & Company. p. 215.
23. Joachim W. Stieber (1 January 1978). Pope Eugenius IV, the Council of Basel and the Secular and Ecclesiastical Authorities in the Empire: The Conflict Over Supreme Authority and Power in the Church. BRILL. p. 302. ISBN   90-04-05240-2.
24. "Saint Colette | Biography & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
25. "Oettingen 1". genealogy.euweb.cz. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
26. Treptow, Kurt W., ed. (1991). Dracula : essays on the life and times of Vlad Țepeș. Boulder, Colo.: East European Monographs. ISBN   0-88033-220-4. OCLC   24689405.

• New Advent. (2020). 'Pope Nicholas V'. Retrieved from http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11058a.htm
• https://www.hisdates.com/years/1447-historical-events.html
• https://www.onthisday.com/date/1447