Australian federal election, 1983

Australian federal election, 1983

←  1980 5 March 1983 1984  →
All 125 seats in the House of Representatives 63 seats were needed for a majority in the House All 64 seats in the Senate
First party Second party   Leader Bob Hawke Malcolm Fraser Party Labor Liberal/National coalition Leader since 3 February 1983 21 March 1975 Leader's seat Wills (Vic.) Wannon (Vic.) Last election 51 seats 74 seats Seats won 75 seats 50 seats Seat change 24 24 Popular vote 4,297,392 3,783,595 Percentage 53.23% 46.77% Swing 3.6 3.6
Prime Minister before election Malcolm Fraser Liberal/National coalition Subsequent Prime Minister Bob Hawke Labor

Federal elections were held in Australia on 5 March 1983. All 125 seats in the House of Representatives and all 64 seats in the Senate were up for election, following a double dissolution. The incumbent Coalition government in power since 1975, led by Malcolm Fraser (Liberal Party) and Doug Anthony (National Party), was defeated by the opposition Labor Party led by Bob Hawke.

Background and issues

At the time of the election, the economy suffered from high inflation and high unemployment, alongside increases in industrial disputation and drought across much of the rural areas. The coalition government was led by Malcolm Fraser, Prime Minister since 1975. Fraser had fought off a leadership challenge from Andrew Peacock, who had resigned from the Cabinet citing Fraser's "manic determination to get his own way", a phrase Fraser had himself used when he resigned from John Gorton's Government in 1971. The Liberal government had to contend with the early 1980s recession. They unexpectedly won the December 1982 Flinders by-election, after having lost the March 1982 Lowe by-election with a large swing.

The Gallagher Index result: 10.54

Bob Hawke had entered Parliament at the 1980 federal election following a decade as leader of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU). Labor factions began to push for the deposition of Bill Hayden from the party leadership in favour of Hawke. Fraser was well aware of the ructions in Labor, and originally planned to call an election for 1982, more than a year before it was due. However, he was forced to scrap those plans after suffering a severe back injury.

On 3 February 1983 at a meeting in Brisbane, Hayden resigned on the advice of his closest supporters. Hawke was elected as interim leader unopposed. An election wasn't due for seven more months, however Fraser, emboldened by the unexpected retention of Flinders, had caught wind of the impending change and attempted to immediately call an election (for 5 March), which would have put Parliament into "caretaker mode" and essentially frozen Labor into contesting the election with Hayden as leader. However, Fraser was unable to have the Governor-General, Sir Ninian Stephen, officially accept his recommendation and dissolve Parliament before the announcement of the change in Labor leadership, and was now stuck opposing the more popular Hawke (future Captain of Qantas flight 32 which was crippled on a flight from Singapore to Sydney, Richard de Crespigny, was serving as aide de camp to Governor-General Stephen at the time and details this event in his book). The actual dissolution of the parliament occurred the following day, 4 February. ^[1] In response to his removal, Hayden claimed that a "drover's dog" could lead the ALP to victory. Five days later, the ALP formally elected Hawke as party leader. Fraser also hoped to gain control of the Senate, where the Australian Democrats had held the balance of power since 1 July 1981.

Fraser's campaign used the slogan "We're Not Waiting for the World". Hawke's campaign theme was based around his favoured leadership philosophy of consensus, using the slogan "Bringing Australia Together". The Ash Wednesday bushfires that devastated areas of Victoria and South Australia on 16 February disrupted the Prime Minister's re-election campaign which was unofficially put on hold while he toured the affected areas. In response to an attack from Fraser on the security of the banking system to protect people's savings in which he asserted that ordinary people's money was safer under their beds than in a bank under Labor, Hawke laughed and said "you can't keep your money under the bed because that's where the Commies are!" ^[2]

As counting progressed on election night, it was obvious early on that the ALP had won on a massive swing. Hawke with wife Hazel claimed victory and a tearful Fraser conceded defeat. Ultimately, Labor won power on a 24-seat swing—the largest defeat of a sitting government since 1949, and the worst defeat a sitting non-Labor government has ever suffered. Fraser soon resigned from Parliament, leaving the Liberal leadership to one-time foe Andrew Peacock, who would later form a fierce leadership rivalry himself with future Prime Minister John Howard.

Results

House of Representatives

Government (75)
     Labor (75)

Opposition (50)
Coalition
     Liberal (33)
     National (17)

House of Reps (IRV) — 1983–84—Turnout 94.64% (CV) — Informal 2.09%

Party			Votes	%	Swing	Seats	Change
	Labor		4,297,392	49.48	+4.34	75	+24
	Liberal–National coalition		3,787,151	43.61	–2.79	50	–24
		Liberal	2,983,986	34.36	−3.07	33	−21
		National	782,824	9.01	+0.27	17	−2
		Country Liberal	20,471	0.24	+0.01	0	−1
	Democrats		437,265	5.03	−1.54	0	0
	Socialist Workers		46,080	0.53	+0.33	0	0
	Democratic Labor		17,318	0.20	–0.11	0	0
	Green		8,641	0.10	+0.10	0	0
	Progress		6,652	0.08	–0.13	0	0
	Communist		6,398	0.07	–0.07	0	0
	Socialist Labour		6,327	0.07	–0.05	0	0
	Socialist		4,165	0.05	+0.05	0	0
	Deadly Serious		3,810	0.04	+0.04	0	0
	NPWA		3,686	0.04	–0.07	0	0
	Christian		3,016	0.03	+0.01	0	0
	Imperial British Conservative		1,786	0.02	+0.00	0	0
	National Humanitarian		1,687	0.02	+0.02	0	0
	Australia		844	0.01	+0.00	0	0
	Libertarian		732	0.01	+0.01	0	0
	Conservative Nationalist		600	0.01	+0.01	0	0
	Engineered Australia Plan		292	0.00	+0.00	0	0
	Independent		50,891	0.59	–0.11	0	0
	Total		8,684,862			125
Two-party-preferred (estimated)
	Labor		WIN	53.23	+3.6	75	+24
	Coalition			46.77	−3.6	50	−24

Popular Vote Labor   49.48% Liberal   34.36% National   9.25% Democrats   5.03% Other   1.88%

Two Party Preferred Vote Labor   53.23% Coalition   46.77%

Parliament Seats Labor   60.00% Coalition   40.00%

Senate

See also: Results of the Australian federal election, 1983 (Senate)

Government (30)
     Labor (30)

Opposition (28)
Coalition
     Liberal (23)
     National (4)
     CLP (1)

Crossbench (6)
     Democrats (5)
     Independent (1)

Senate (STV) — 1983–84—Turnout 94.64% (CV) — Informal 9.87%

Party			Votes	%	Swing	Seats Won	Total Seats	Change
	Labor		3,637,316	45.49	+3.24	30	30	+3
	Liberal–National coalition		3,195,397	39.97	–3.51	28	28	–3
		Liberal–National joint ticket	1,861,618	23.28	−2.35	8	*	*
		Liberal (separate ticket)	923,571	11.55	−1.59	16	23	–4
		National (separate ticket)	388,802	4.86	+0.41	3	4	+1
		Country Liberal	21,406	0.27	+0.02	1	1	0
	Democrats		764,911	9.57	+0.31	5	5	0
	Independents		193,454	2.42	+1.29	1	1	0
	Other		203,967	2.55	−1.34	0	0	0
	Total		7,995,045			64	64

Notes

• In New South Wales and Victoria, the coalition parties ran a joint ticket. Of the eight senators elected on a joint ticket, seven were members of the Liberal Party and one was a member of the National Party. In Queensland, South Australia, and Western Australia, the coalition parties ran on separate tickets. In the ACT and Tasmania, only the Liberal Party ran a ticket. In the Northern Territory, only the Country Liberal Party ran a ticket.
• The sole independent elected was Brian Harradine of Tasmania.

Seats changing hands

Seat	Pre-1983				Swing	Post-1983
	Party		Member	Margin		Margin	Member	Party
Barton, NSW		Liberal	Jim Bradfield	0.4	4.4	4.0	Gary Punch	Labor
Bendigo, Vic		Liberal	John Bourchier	1.3	4.1	2.8	John Brumby	Labor
Bowman, Qld		Liberal	David Jull	1.2	3.4	2.2	Len Keogh	Labor
Calare, NSW		National	Sandy Mackenzie	1.5	4.4	2.9	David Simmons	Labor
Canning, WA		Liberal	Mel Bungey	1.8	9.2	7.4	Wendy Fatin	Labor
Casey, Vic		Liberal	Peter Falconer	1.9	2.6	0.7	Peter Steedman	Labor
Chisholm, Vic		Liberal	Graham Harris	2.2	4.4	2.2	Helen Mayer	Labor
Deakin, Vic		Liberal	Alan Jarman	2.3	4.4	2.1	John Saunderson	Labor
Diamond Valley, Vic		Liberal	Neil Brown	3.7	4.1	0.4	Peter Staples	Labor
Eden-Monaro, NSW		Liberal	Murray Sainsbury	2.8	4.6	1.8	Jim Snow	Labor
Fadden, Qld		Liberal	Don Cameron	1.5	3.1	1.7	David Beddall	Labor
Flinders, Vic		Liberal	Peter Reith	2.3	5.6	1.0	Bob Chynoweth	Labor
Herbert, Qld		Liberal	Gordon Dean	0.9	3.7	2.8	Ted Lindsay	Labor
Kingston, SA		Liberal	Grant Chapman	0.2	3.3	3.1	Gordon Bilney	Labor
Leichhardt, Qld		National	David Thomson	1.1	3.2	2.1	John Gayler	Labor
Macarthur, NSW		Liberal	Michael Baume	3.2	5.3	2.1	Colin Hollis	Labor
Moore, WA		Liberal	John Hyde	2.8	10.0	7.2	Allen Blanchard	Labor
Northern Territory, NT		Country Liberal	Grant Tambling	1.2	3.1	1.9	John Reeves	Labor
Perth, WA		Liberal	Ross McLean	1.0	7.4	6.4	Ric Charlesworth	Labor
Petrie, Qld		Liberal	John Hodges	3.4	3.9	0.5	Dean Wells	Labor
Phillip, NSW		Liberal	Jack Birney	0.6	2.5	1.9	Jeannette McHugh	Labor
Stirling, WA		Liberal	Ian Viner	2.0	9.0	7.0	Ron Edwards	Labor
Tangney, WA		Liberal	Peter Shack	4.6	7.8	3.2	George Gear	Labor

• Members in italics did not contest their seat at this election.

See also

• Candidates of the Australian federal election, 1983
• Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1983–1984
• Members of the Australian Senate, 1983–1985

Notes

• Prior to 1984 the AEC did not undertake a full distribution of preferences for statistical purposes. The stored ballot papers for the 1983 election were put through this process prior to their destruction. Therefore, the figures from 1983 onwards show the actual result based on full distribution of preferences. The 1983 swing of approximately 3.6 points is based on a pure deduction of one result from the other.

References

1. House of Representatives Practice, 6th Ed, Appendix 12: GENERAL ELECTIONS—SIGNIFICANT DATES FROM 19TH TO 44TH PARLIAMENTS
2. Hawke Swoops into Power, TIME, 14 March 1983

External links

• University of WA election results in Australia since 1890
• AustralianPolitics.com election details
• AEC 2PP vote