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Pseudomonadota is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of several prokaryote phyla in 2021, including Pseudomonadota, remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier name Proteobacteria, of long standing in the literature. The phylum Proteobacteria includes a wide variety of pathogenic genera, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Yersinia, Legionella, and many others. Others are free-living (non-parasitic) and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation.
Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species. Because of the similarity of thinking and working with microorganisms other than bacteria, such as protozoa, fungi, and viruses, there has been a tendency for the field of bacteriology to extend as microbiology. The terms were formerly often used interchangeably. However, bacteriology can be classified as a distinct science.
The Eubacteriales are an order of bacteria placed within the class Clostridia.
The Oceanospirillales are an order of Pseudomonadota with ten families.
The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP), formerly the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or Bacteriological Code (BC), governs the scientific names for Bacteria and Archaea. It denotes the rules for naming taxa of bacteria, according to their relative rank. As such it is one of the nomenclature codes of biology.
Bacteria are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria play a vital role in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients and the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. Most bacteria have not been characterised and there are many species that cannot be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.
Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless and are often beneficial but others can cause infectious diseases. The number of these pathogenic species in humans is estimated to be fewer than a hundred. By contrast, several thousand species are part of the gut flora present in the digestive tract.
The Chloroflexota are a phylum of bacteria containing isolates with a diversity of phenotypes, including members that are aerobic thermophiles, which use oxygen and grow well in high temperatures; anoxygenic phototrophs, which use light for photosynthesis ; and anaerobic halorespirers, which uses halogenated organics as electron acceptors.
Nitrospirota is a phylum of bacteria. It includes multiple genera, such as Nitrospira, the largest. The first member of this phylum, Nitrospira marina, was discovered in 1985. The second member, Nitrospira moscoviensis, was discovered in 1995.
Anaerolinea is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae.
Anaerolineaceae is a family of bacteria from the order of Anaerolineales. Anaerolineaceae bacteria occur in marine sediments. There are a total of twelve genera in this family, most of which only encompass one species. All known members of the family are Gram-negative and non-motile. They also do not form bacterial spores and are either mesophilic or thermophilic obligate anaerobes. It is also known that all species in this family are chemoheterotrophs.
Bellilinea is a thermophilic bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae with one known species. Bellilinea caldifistulae has been isolated from thermophilic digester sludge from Niigata in Japan.
Flexilinea is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae with one known species. Flexilinea flocculi has been isolated from methanogenic granular sludge.
Leptolinea is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae with one known species.
Levilinea is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae with one known species.
Longilinea is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae with one known species. .
Ornatilinea is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae with one known species. Ornatilinea apprima has been isolated from microbial mat from an anaerobic sludge blanket reactor from the Tomsk Region in Russia.
Pelolinea is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae with one known species. Pelolinea submarina has been isolated from marine sediments from the Shimokita Peninsula.
Thermanaerothrix is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae with one known species. Thermanaerothrix daxensis has been isolated from water from the Saint-Christophe spring in France.
Thermomarinilinea is a bacteria genus from the family of Anaerolineaceae with one known species.
References
- 1 2 "Brevefilum". www.uniprot.org.
- ↑ McIlroy, SJ; Kirkegaard, RH; Dueholm, MS; Fernando, E; Karst, SM; Albertsen, M; Nielsen, PH (2017). "Culture-Independent Analyses Reveal Novel Anaerolineaceae as Abundant Primary Fermenters in Anaerobic Digesters Treating Waste Activated Sludge". Frontiers in Microbiology. 8: 1134. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01134 . PMC 5481317 . PMID 28690595.
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