Court Hill Historic District

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Court Hill Historic District
SW end of Court Hill Historic District in Ottumwa Iowa.jpg
West side of 400 block of N Court Street, facing SSW
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Location111 E. Court and 407-1004 N. Court Sts.
Ottumwa, Iowa
Coordinates 41°1′31″N92°24′31″W / 41.02528°N 92.40861°W / 41.02528; -92.40861
Area27 acres (11 ha)
Architect George Kerns
Edward Clark
Architectural style Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals
MPS Ottumwa MPS
NRHP reference No. 97001605 [1]
Added to NRHPJanuary 7, 1998

Court Hill Historic District is a historic district located in Ottumwa, Iowa, United States. It is a residential area of large homes with a few small homes in between. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998 as a part of Ottumwa MPS. [1] At the time of its nomination it contained 84 resources, which included 56 contributing buildings, two contributing structures, 25 non-contributing buildings, and one non-contributing site. [2]

Contents

History

Ottumwa was laid out in 1843 [3] along the north bank of the Des Moines river, with stores and log cabins between the river and the bluff in the early years. [2] :5 In 1844 it was named the county seat. In 1860 the town's population was about 1600 and growing. [4] By the 1850s, the town was growing out of the river bottom, up the bluff which Court Street now ascends. [2] :5

Court Street was developed as a major artery from the Des Moines River to Sixth Street, which was Ottumwa's original city limits, where it made a slight turn to the north and headed up a bluff and into the countryside above the river valley. It is possible that it is the road established by the Iowa Territorial Legislature in 1844 that extended from the southern Davis County border to the northern Wapello County border and connected the two county seats. [2] Later it was signed as U.S. Highway 63. The oldest houses in the district were built between 1865 and 1875. The first electric streetcar began operating on Court Street in 1889. The street was paved with bricks in 1890 and 1891. Both projects led to increased development of the area between 1890 and 1915. From this period until 1942, a centralized steam heat system was available in the city and the main pipes were located under Court Street. Because of this, the street was never covered with snow or ice during the winter and people could always climb to the top of the bluff when other streets were impassable. [2] During the World War II years, many of the large homes were divided into multi-family dwellings. That process started to be reversed in the late 20th century when historic preservation took root in Ottumwa. [2] :30

Architecture

Most of the houses are large in size, but a few smaller houses are scattered throughout the district. While some of the houses have been altered over the years, most of them retain a high level of integrity. [2] Very few of the original buildings in the district have been torn down, and therefore, there is little in the way of new construction. A variety of the most fashionable Victorian styles were built in the district. The most popular include Italianate, Neoclassical, and Queen Anne. Architects who have designs in the district include George Kern, Edward Clark, and Fisher & Lawrie. [2] :3,7

Following are some key properties in the district, in roughly the order built.

614 N Court St in Ottumwa Iowa was built in 1865. 614 N Court St in Ottumwa Iowa.jpg
614 N Court St in Ottumwa Iowa was built in 1865.
Fulton house, 1865-1870, now Colonial Revival Charles and Tabitha Fulton house in Ottumwa Iowa.jpg
Fulton house, 1865-1870, now Colonial Revival
Johnston house, 1882, High Victorian Gothic style Allen Johnston house Ottumwa Iowa.jpg
Johnston house, 1882, High Victorian Gothic style
Wyman house, 1888, Queen Anne style The Court Hill Historic Distrivt.jpeg
Wyman house, 1888, Queen Anne style
Jordan house, 1889, Queen Anne style J C Jordan house 419 N Court St Ottumwa Iowa.jpg
Jordan house, 1889, Queen Anne style
Cooper house, ca 1893, Queen Anne W C Cooper house in Ottumwa Iowa.jpg
Cooper house, ca 1893, Queen Anne
Calhoun house, 1896, Queen Anne JW Calhoun house in Ottumwa Iowa.jpg
Calhoun house, 1896, Queen Anne
423 N Court Street, ca 1900, Neoclassical style 423 N Court St Ottumwa Iowa.jpg
423 N Court Street, ca 1900, Neoclassical style
Fulton house, ca 1910, Neoclassical Tabitha Fulton 1910 house in Ottumwa Iowa.jpg
Fulton house, ca 1910, Neoclassical
609 N Court St, 1910-1915, Colonial Revival 609 N Court St Otummwa Iowa.jpg
609 N Court St, 1910-1915, Colonial Revival
637 N Court St, 1910-1915, Craftsman 637 N Court St in Ottumwa Iowa.jpg
637 N Court St, 1910-1915, Craftsman

References

  1. 1 2 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Molly Myers Naumann. "NRHP Inventory-Nomination: Court Hill Historic District". National Park Service . Retrieved March 26, 2019. with photos
  3. "Ottumwa, Iowa, United States". Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved July 14, 2025.
  4. "Ottumwa - Community - About". City of Ottumwa. Retrieved July 14, 2025.