Croton River watershed

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This page is about the Croton River watershed, a hydrological feature. For the component of the New York City water supply system with a similar name, see Croton Watershed

Contents

Map of the Croton River watershed. Note that this is not identical with the New York City water supply system's Croton Watershed Crotonrivermap.png
Map of the Croton River watershed. Note that this is not identical with the New York City water supply system's Croton Watershed

The Croton River watershed is the drainage basin of the Croton River and its seven tributary rivers, a hydrological feature in far southwestern New York State. Spanning large swaths of Putnam and Westchester counties, it is over 350 square miles (910 km2) in area and holds some 115 billion US gallons (440,000,000 m3) of fresh water. [lower-alpha 2]

Largely physically overlapping the New York City water supply system's Croton Watershed, [lower-alpha 3] the Croton River watershed represents the drainage and flow of some seven rivers, one dozen reservoirs, three controlled lakes, [1] large Lake Mahopac, and countless smaller lakes and ponds.

The vast majority of this [lower-alpha 4] ends up at the Jerome Park Reservoir in the Bronx via the New Croton Aqueduct, from which it is distributed to New York City. Water in excess of the City's needs spills over the New Croton Dam at the New Croton Reservoir and is carried by the Croton River into the Hudson River at Croton-on-Hudson, New York, about 30 miles north of the Metropolitan area.

Definition

The three branches of the Croton River are collected at the New Croton Reservoir. Flow in excess of New York City's needs goes over a spillway at the New Croton Dam there and discharges into the Hudson River New Croton Dam NY1.jpg
The three branches of the Croton River are collected at the New Croton Reservoir. Flow in excess of New York City's needs goes over a spillway at the New Croton Dam there and discharges into the Hudson River

The Croton River watershed is a hydrological feature, the 361 sq mi (930 km2) [2] drainage basin of the Croton River and its tributaries. It is not synonymous with the Croton Watershed, a term describing the rivers, reservoirs, dams, pump systems, and other infrastructure of the southernmost watershed of the New York City water supply system. Numerous small natural lakes and ponds, as well as large Lake Mahopac, are within the river's watershed but not owned, leased, or controlled by the City water supply system (even though they too ultimately drain into it). A map of the actual Croton Watershed is found here.

The Croton River ( /ˈkrtən/ KROH-tən) is a river in southern New York with three principal tributaries: the West Branch, Middle Branch, and East Branch. Their waters, all part of the City water supply system, [3] join downstream from the Croton Falls Reservoir. [lower-alpha 5] Together, their waters and the reservoirs linked to them represent the northern half of the New York City water system's Croton Watershed.

Shortly after the confluence of the three Croton River branches the Croton River proper, along with its tributary, the Muscoot River, flow into the Muscoot Reservoir, after which it empties into the New Croton Reservoir, which feeds the New Croton Aqueduct supplying water to New York City via the Jerome Park Reservoir in the Bronx. Excess water leaves the spillway at the New Croton Dam and empties into the Hudson River at Croton-on-Hudson, New York at Croton Point, about 30 miles (50 km) north of New York City. [2]

Watershed

The Croton River at Purdys Croton River at Purdys jeh.jpg
The Croton River at Purdys

Waterways

Lakes and ponds

Reservoirs

Controlled lakes

Aqueduct

Recreation

Limited recreation is permitted within the Croton Watershed. Its guidelines and requirements are listed here.

Notes

  1. Numerous small natural lakes and ponds, as well as large Lake Mahopac, are part of the Croton River's watershed but not part of the NYC water supply system. A map of the actual Croton Watershed is found here.
  2. 15 billion US gallons (57,000,000 m3) in freshwater lakes and ponds, 86.6 billion US gallons (328,000,000 m3) in reservoirs, roughly 5.5 billion US gallons (21,000,000 m3) in controlled lakes, and 7.5 billion US gallons (28,000,000 m3) in its river system.
  3. The land areas are the same, but their drainages are not. Numerous small natural lakes and ponds, as well as large Lake Mahopac, are part of the Croton River's watershed but not part of the NYC water supply system. A map of the actual Croton Watershed is found here.

    The Croton Watershed, the New York City water supply system's term for its southernmost watershed area, also includes the physical infrastructure of dams, spillways, tunnels, pumps, and related mechanical components.
  4. Less the principal flows of the Boyds Corner Reservoir and the West Branch Reservoir, which are part of the system's Delaware Aqueduct supply
  5. As a result of dam construction, the waters of the Middle and West Branches mingle in Croton Falls Reservoir before exiting as a brief stretch of the West Branch alone, which joins the East Branch at the confluence of the Croton River proper.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Croton Dam</span> Dam in New York, USA

The New Croton Dam is a dam forming the New Croton Reservoir, both parts of the New York City water supply system. It stretches across the Croton River near Croton-on-Hudson, New York, about 22 miles (35 km) north of New York City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York City water supply system</span> Municipal water supply system

A combination of aqueducts, reservoirs, and tunnels supplies fresh water to New York City. With three major water systems stretching up to 125 miles (201 km) away from the city, its water supply system is one of the most extensive municipal water systems in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Titicus Reservoir</span> Body of water

Titicus Reservoir is one of 12 in the New York City water supply system's Croton Watershed. It is located in the Town of North Salem in Westchester County, 30 miles (48 km) north of the city of New York.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Branch Reservoir</span> Body of water

East Branch Reservoir, is a reservoir in the town of Southeast, New York, near the village of Brewster. Part of the New York City water supply system, it was formed by impounding the East Branch of the Croton River. Forming part of the Croton Watershed, it was placed into service in 1891, and lies some 35 miles (56 km) north of the city, in the southeast corner of Putnam County.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kensico Reservoir</span> Body of water

The Kensico Reservoir is a reservoir spanning the towns of Armonk and Valhalla, New York, located 3 miles north of White Plains. It was formed by the original earth and gravel Kensico Dam constructed in 1885, which impounded waters from the Bronx and Byram rivers. In 1917, a new masonry dam was completed, replacing the old dam and expanding the water supply by bringing water from the Catskill Mountains over a distance of more than 100 miles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Branch Reservoir</span> Body of water

The West Branch Reservoir is a reservoir in the New York City water supply system. Formed by impounding the upper reaches of the West Branch of the Croton River, it is located in the Putnam County, New York, towns of Kent, and Carmel, about 50 miles (80 km) north of New York City.

The Boyds Corner Reservoir is a small reservoir in Putnam County, New York. It is in the town of Kent, New York, and is about 50 miles north of New York City. It is the northernmost reservoir in the Croton River watershed, but is not part of the New York City water supply system's Croton Watershed. and was formed by impounding the middle of the West Branch of the Croton River, submerging the village of Boyds Corner.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amawalk Reservoir</span> Body of water

The Amawalk Reservoir is a small reservoir in the New York City water supply system located in central-northern Westchester County, New York. It is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 202 and New York State Route 35 in the town of Somers, and is over 32 miles north of New York City. Part of the system's Croton Watershed, it was formed by impounding the middle of the Muscoot River, one of the tributaries of the Croton River. This reservoir was put into service in 1897, and was named after the original community of Amawalk, New York, which was inundated by the reservoir and relocated near the dam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Middle Branch Reservoir</span> Body of water

Middle Branch Reservoir is a reservoir in the New York City water supply system located in the Town of Southeast in Putnam County, 35 miles (65 km) north of the city. Created in 1878 by damming the Middle Branch of the Croton River, it is one of twelve in the Croton Watershed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bog Brook Reservoir</span> Body of water

The Bog Brook Reservoir is a 379-acre (153 ha) reservoir in the Croton Watershed in southern New York State, part of the New York City water supply system. It is located in the town of Southeast in Putnam County, approximately 38 miles (61 km) north of New York City. It was formed by the damming of Bog Brook, a small tributary of the East Branch of the Croton River. The reservoir was put into service in 1892, making it one of the older in the system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cross River Reservoir</span> Body of water

The Cross River Reservoir is a reservoir in the New York City water supply system located directly east and north of the northern Westchester County, New York, Hamlet of Katonah. Part of the system's Croton Watershed, it lies within the towns of Bedford, Lewisboro, and Pound Ridge, about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the village of Katonah, and over 25 mi (40 km) north of New York City. It was constructed around the start of the 20th century by impounding the Cross River, a tributary of the Croton River, which eventually flows into the Hudson River.

The Croton Falls Reservoir is a reservoir in the New York City water supply system in the Putnam County, New York townships of Carmel, and Southeast, roughly 50 miles (80 km) north of New York City. Part of the system's Croton Watershed, it was formed by impounding the West Branch and Middle Branch of the Croton River, tributaries of the Croton River, which flows into the Hudson River.

The Diverting Reservoir is a reservoir in the New York City water supply system in the town of Southeast, New York, in Putnam County immediately south of the village of Brewster, New York. Part of the system's Croton Watershed, it lies about 50 miles (80 km) north of New York City. Construction impounding the East Branch Croton River began early in the 20th century and was completed by 1911.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muscoot Reservoir</span> Reservoir in New York state, USA

The Muscoot Reservoir is a reservoir in the New York City water supply system in northern Westchester County, New York, located directly north of the village of Katonah. Part of the system's Croton Watershed, it is 25 miles north of the City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Croton Reservoir</span> Reservoir

The New Croton Reservoir is a reservoir in Westchester County, New York, part of the New York City water supply system lying approximately 22 miles (35 km) north of New York City. It is the collecting point for water from all reservoirs in the Croton Watershed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Croton River</span> River in New York, United States

The Croton River is a river in southern New York with three principal tributaries: the West Branch, Middle Branch, and East Branch. Their waters, all part of the New York City water supply system, join downstream from the Croton Falls Reservoir. Together, their waters and the reservoirs linked to them represent the northern half of the New York City water system's Croton Watershed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Titicus River</span> River in Connecticut, United States

The Titicus River is an 8.5-mile-long (13.7 km) river in southwestern Connecticut and southeastern New York that drains into the Titicus Reservoir, part of New York City's water supply system. Part of both the Croton River watershed and the system's Croton Watershed, has a 23.8 square miles (62 km2) drainage area. It is one of the few rivers with headwaters in Connecticut that is part of the system. The source of the river is in Ridgefield, Connecticut. About one mile down stream, the stream marks the southern boundary of the Kiahs Brook Reserve. Another 0.5 miles downriver, it joins with Kiahs Brook, and then runs fairly close to Route 116. Once past the New York border, the Titicus River still runs close to New York 116 until emptying into the Titicus Reservoir. After the Titicus Reservoir, it runs another 0.5 miles, under I-684, and drains into the Muscoot Reservoir.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kirk Lake (New York)</span>

Kirk Lake is a controlled lake in the hamlet of Mahopac in the town of Carmel in Putnam County, New York. It lies due west and sharply below considerably larger Lake Mahopac. It is one of three controlled lakes in the New York City water supply system's Croton Watershed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Croton Watershed</span>

[[File:Crotonrivermap.png|thumb|right|Map of the Croton River watershed. Note that this is not identical with the New York City water supply system's "Croton Watershed"{{efn|Numerous small natural lakes and ponds, as well as large Lake Mahopac, are part of the Croton River's watershed but not part of New York City’s supply system. A map of the actual Croton Watershed is found here. ]]

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muscoot River</span>

The Muscoot River is a short tributary of the Croton River in Putnam and Westchester counties in the state of New York. Approximately 6 mi (9.7 km) long and running north-to-south, it lies within the Croton River watershed and is part of the New York City water supply system's Croton Watershed.

References

  1. New York State Department of Health Regulations, Part 128-1.6(a)(20) - Definitions: Controlled lake
  2. 1 2 Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain) (1901). Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. The Institution. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
  3. "Map of the Croton Watershed, at New York City Department of Environmental Protection". Archived from the original on 2019-02-21. Retrieved 2019-02-25.