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This article provides a list of cultural references to the work of author H. P. Lovecraft. These references are collectively known as the Cthulhu Mythos. For works that are stylistically Lovecraftian, including comics and film adaptations influenced by Lovecraft, see Lovecraftian horror.
Films based on, or inspired by, the writings of H. P. Lovecraft include the following. [1]
| Game Title | Publisher/Developer | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arkham Horror | Chaosium Fantasy Flight Games | 1987 2005 | A board game originally published by Chaosium. The license was later acquired by Fantasy Flight Games, with a revised and expanded version of the game re-released in 2005. [29] |
| Call of Cthulhu | Chaosium | 1981 | Award-winning role-playing game based on the Mythos. [30] |
| Call of Cthulhu Collectible Card Game | Fantasy Flight Games | 2004 | Collectible card game based on the Mythos. [31] |
| Chaos of Cthulhu | Imp House Game Company | 2016 | A dice game based on the Cthulhu Mythos. [32] |
| Chez Cthulhu | A Chez Geek (by Steve Jackson Games) variant where slackers may descend into Lovecraftian madness. [33] | ||
| Delta Green | Pagan Publishing | 1997 2016 | A Call of Cthulhu sourcebook and later its own standalone game. The Player Characters are members of a secret organization inside the US Government named Delta Green, which fights against creatures from the Mythos and conspiracies related to them. |
| Cthulhu Fluxx | Looney Labs | 2012 | An H. P. Lovecraft-themed variant of the original Fluxx game, including cards based on some of the characters, objects and events in the Cthulhu Mythos. [34] |
| Cthulhu: Death May Die | CMON Limited | 2019 | Game divided into two phases in which players play investigators intent on stopping a ritual performed by cultists to summon a great ancient (Cthulhu or Hastur). In the first phase of the game the players try to stop the ritual, while in the second phase they fight against the Ancient One |
| Cthulhu Gloom | A spin-off of the card game Gloom , wherein players are given a family of Lovecraftian characters. The goal of the game is for the players to kill their own characters in horribly terrifying deaths for negative points, while keeping their opponents' families healthy and happy. All of the cards in the game contain references to Lovecraftian themes, places and characters. | ||
| Cthulhu Dice | Steve Jackson Games | 2010 | A dice game with a custom 12-sided die, embossed with tentacles, Elder Signs and more. Players roll the dice in an attempt to destroy their opponent's "sanity". [35] |
| Dungeons & Dragons | TSR, Inc. | 1980 | Games company TSR included an entire chapter on the Cthulhu Mythos (including statistics for the character) in the first printing of Dungeons & Dragons sourcebook Deities & Demigods (1980). TSR, however, were unaware that Arkham House - copyright holder on almost all Lovecraft literature - had already licensed the Cthulhu property to the game company Chaosium. Although Chaosium stipulated that TSR could continue to use the material if each future edition featured a published credit to Chaosium, TSR refused and the material was removed from all subsequent editions. [36] |
| Elder Sign | Fantasy Flight Games | 2011 | A dice game involving a team of investigators attempting to prevent the "Ancient Ones" from awakening. Also, a mobile App Game with the same goal. [37] |
| Eldritch Horror | Fantasy Flight Games | 2013 | A board game published by Fantasy Flight Games and inspired by the Arkham Horror board game. [38] |
| Fate of the Elder Gods | Greater Than Games | 2017 | Board game by GreaterThanGames which gives you control of a cult, battling against opposing cults and a team of investigators in a race to awaken your chosen Elder God. [39] |
| Illuminati | A card game with an expansion supplement, "Servants of Cthulhu". [40] | ||
| King in Yellow Roleplaying Game | Pelgrane Press | 2018 | A roleplaying game using the Gumshoe System set in four separate settings and timelines where the players combat the reality-altering influence of the eponymous play. |
| Magic: The Gathering | Wizards of the Coast | In the set Rise of the Eldrazi, the size and descriptions of the Eldrazi are partially based on the Cthulhu Mythos. [41] In the set Shadows over Innistrad, the plot of the stories as well as the set's name alludes to Shadows over Innsmouth. | |
| Mansions of Madness | Fantasy Flight Games | 2011 | Board game involving one player in the service of malevolent deities and other players attempting to stop them. [42] |
| Monsterpocalypse | Privateer Press | 2008 - | A tactical board game pitting giant monsters against each other. One of the factions is the Lords of Cthul, a Lovecraft-inspired Fiends faction from another dimension. |
| Munchkin | Steve Jackson Games | 2001 | A card game that features a series of parody expansion sets based on the Mythos. [43] |
| Mythos | Chaosium | 1996 - 1997 | Collectible card game based in the Lovecraft mythos setting and spanning the 1920s era, dreamlands and modern times via expansions. Players were investigators attempting to complete adventures and not drop to zero sanity. |
| Pathfinder Roleplaying Game | Paizo Publishing | 2009 | A spin-off of the 3.5 Edition of Dungeons and Dragons, Pathfinder includes several of the Outer Gods and Great Old Ones as deities that can be served by player or non-player characters. They are said to inhabit and are associated with the "Dark Tapestry", the endless dark void between the stars. The adventure path Strange Aeons involves the Cthulhu Mythos as the primary antagonists. [44] |
| Starfinder Roleplaying Game | Paizo Publishing | 2017 | A spin-off to Pathfinder set in the far future of that setting has more apparitions of the mythos. Nyarlathotep is in the pantheon as a major evil god, the "Elder Mythos cult" are a minor antagonist faction, and the Pluto-equivalent "Aucturn" is stated to be an egg of a Great Old One. |
| Smash Up | Alderac Entertainment Group | 2013 | This card game features a "Smash Up: The Obligatory Cthulhu Set" expansion which adds Cthulhu cultists, Innsmouth locals, Elder Things, Miskatonic University members and "Madness" cards that each of these groups can use to various effects. [45] |
| A Study in Emerald | Treefrog Games | 2013 | A 2-5 player board game based on the short story by Neil Gaiman. [46] |
| A Study in Emerald (second edition) | Treefrog Games | 2015 | Second edition of A Study in Emerald with shorter play time and streamlined rules. [47] |
| Trail of Cthulhu | Pelgrane Press | 2008 | An investigative role-playing game. A remake of Call of Cthulhu using the Gumshoe System. [48] |
| Unfathomable | Fantasy Flight Games | 2021 | A 3-6 player semi-cooperative horror board game set in the fictional SS Atlantica in the year 1913 that reimplements Battlestar Galactica . [49] [50] |
| Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game | Konami | 1996 | The card game introduced a series of monsters called the "Entity" monsters that directly relate to the creatures of the Cthulhu Mythos deities. |
| Game Title | Publisher/Developer | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arcane Mystery Serial | Sarbakan, PC | 2002 | Online serial game pitting human investigators against the creatures of the Mythos. [51] |
| Alone in the Dark | Infogrames, PC | 1992 | Survival horror game based on the works of H. P. Lovecraft. |
| Anchorhead | Michael Gentry | 1998 | Text adventure game inspired by the works of H. P. Lovecraft. |
| Bloodborne | From Software | 2015 | An action role-playing game on the PlayStation 4 that is heavily influenced by the Cthulhu Mythos featuring characters and supernatural beings directly based on those found in the works of H. P. Lovecraft [52] |
| Call of Cthulhu | Cyanide | 2019 | Survival horror role-playing game inspired by the short story and the 1981 role-playing game of the same title. |
| Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth | Bethesda Softworks/2K Games, Xbox/Microsoft Windows | 2005 | Loosely based on The Shadow over Innsmouth , with references to other Mythos works. [53] |
| Call of Cthulhu: The Wasted Land | Chaosium / Red Wasp Design | 2012 | Strategy / Role-playing game developed by Chaosium, publishers of the Call of Cthulhu role-playing game. The story is set during World War I and bases some on its narrative on the novella Herbert West–Reanimator . |
| Call of Duty: Black Ops III | Treyarch | 2015 | The Shadow Man, a character in the Shadows of Evil Easter egg is revealed to be a manifestation of Cthulhu. The setting and gameplay itself is inspired by the Mythos. [54] |
| Call of the Sea (video game) | Out of the Blue | 2020 | Adventure / Puzzle game inspired by various Cthulhu mythos. A story about an expediction, mysterious underwater beings and deities, with Cthulhian architecture on the island and references to The Shadow over Innsmouth, The Call of Cthulhu, Charles Dexter Ward and Miskatonic University. |
| Conarium | Zoetrope Interactive | 2017 | Inspired by the novella At the Mountains of Madness. |
| Cthulhu Chronicles | MetaArcade | 2018 | A campaign of several interactive fiction adventures for mobile platforms, based on the Call of Cthulhu role-playing game. |
| Cthulhu Saves the World | Zeboyd Games | 2010 | A 2D role-playing video game where Cthulhu must become a hero to recover his dark powers. |
| Cthulhu Saves Christmas | Zeboyd Games | 2019 | A comedic prequel to Cthulhu Saves the World. In this game, Cthulhu teams up with Santa Claus’s granddaughter to stop Jack Frost before Christmas is cancelled forever. Along the way he fights Krampus, Mari Lwyd, and other “Christmas League of Evil villains” in turn-based combat. He also builds “R'lyehtionship” levels with his friends. |
| The Council | Focus Home Interactive | 2018 | An episodic adventure game with role-playing elements. The game's plot is centered around the search for the stolen magical grimoire Al Azif (the original name of the Necronomicon), as well as the existence or primordial, demonic entities that have manipulated mankind throughout its history, with features akin to those of the Elder Gods and the Great Old Ones. |
| Darkest Dungeon | Red Hook Studios | 2015 | A Roguelike dungeon crawler where the player manages a group of heroes reclaiming an estate where a heavily Cthulhu-themed Old One has awakened and drove the residents mad. The player must not only make sure his group survives but also take care of their sanity and stress levels. |
| Destiny: The Taken King | Bungie | 2015 | Two of the raid bosses, Golgoroth and Oryx, are loosely based upon the Mythos characters Gol-Goroth and Orryx, respectively. |
| The Elder Scrolls series | Bethesda | 1994 - Current | The Daedric Prince Hermaeus Mora has some Lovecraftian elements in his design and philosophy, and it can be argued that he shares a similar appearance to Yog-Sothoth. One quest in The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion is based on "The Shadow over Innsmouth". |
| Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem | Silicon Knights | 2002 | A GameCube game inspired by Lovecraft's writings. The game is set in Rhode Island where the main character finds a tome with stories of Cthulhu-like 'ancients'. The game won the honorary "Day of the Tentacle (Cthulhu) Award" at GameSpy's Game of the Year Awards. |
| Fallen London | Failbetter Games | 2009 | A browser based role playing game set in a subterranean world influenced by Lovecraftian themes. |
| Etrian Odyssey III: The Drowned City | Atlus | 2010 | A dungeon-crawler role-playing game that draws heavily on the Cthulhu Mythos. The optional final boss, the Abyssal God, bears a heavy resemblance to Cthulhu, and its minions are known as the Deep Ones. |
| Fate/Grand Order | Delight Works | 2015 | A role-playing mobile game that features characters influenced by the Mythos. The characters under the Foreigner class channel the powers of Outer/Elder Gods, currently including Abigail Williams (Yog-Sothoth), Katsushika Hokusai (Cthulhu), Yang Guifei (Cthugha), Van Gogh (Vulthoom), Jacques de Molay (Shub Niggurath), and franchise-original character BB (Nyarlathotep). |
| Hearthstone: Whispers of the Old Gods | Blizzard | 2016 | Blizzard released an expansion on the 31st of May 2016, "Whispers of The Old Gods". This expansion's theme is largely themed around the 'Old Gods' from the Warcraft franchise, which are inspired by the Cthulhu Mythos. |
| Hearthstone: Madness at the Darkmoon Faire | Blizzard | 2020 | Blizzard released an expansion on the 17st of November 2020, "Madness at the Darkmoon Faire". This expansion's theme has returning elements and characters from Whispers of the Old Gods, but now with elements of carnivals and circuses mixed in. |
| Fallout 3: Point Lookout | Bethesda | 2008 | Bethesda's take on Interplay's "Post-Apocalyptic Role Playing Game" features a minor location in the Capital Wasteland, the Dunwich Building, which references loosely the short story "The Dunwich Horror". Included in the "Point Lookout" DLC is a quest inspired by the Mythos through a mysterious man's attempts to recover a doomed book. |
| Fallout 4 | Bethesda | 2015 | The game, set in post-apocalyptic Boston, Massachusetts, features a location named "Pickman's Gallery" and an associated side-quest, inspired by "Pickman's Model". Another location in the game called Dunwich Borers references the Dunwich Building in Fallout 3. |
| Identity V | NetEase Games | 2018 | Three hunters from the game come from Cthulhu Mythos. Hastur, or "The Feaster", Yidhra, "The Dream Witch", and Ithaqua, "Night Watch" are all based on the fictional deities of the same names. |
| King's Quest VI: Heir Today, Gone Tomorrow | Sierra On-Line | 1992 | The main antagonist of the game is Abdul Alhazred, a magician and author of the Necronomicon. |
| Knights and Dragons | Gree | 2013 | Multiple quests are based upon Cthulhu, with Cthulhu appearing as a limited Epic Boss. |
| Life is Strange | Dontnod Entertainment | 2015 | An episodic graphic adventure. Although the plot is not directly connected to the Cthulhu Mythos, the game features a number of pop culture references and Easter eggs. Episode Four contains a reference to a H. West Miskatonic University in Bolton, alluding both to the fictional Miskatonic University and to the novella Herbert West–Reanimator by H. P. Lovecraft. |
| Lost Souls | 1990 | Online game with direct references to the Mythos. [55] | |
| Magicka | Paradox Interactive | 2011 | An action-adventure video game, featuring Cthulhu-themed expansion "The Stars are Left". Also there are several Mythos-themed enemies and bosses in the vanilla game. [56] |
| Magrunner: Dark Pulse | Frogwares | 2013 | A puzzle video game involving magnetism, leading to a world with Lovecraftian-inspired monsters, including Cthulhu. |
| Megami Tensei | Atlus | 1987 - | A series of Japanese role-playing games featuring creatures and figures from various mythologies, including beings from the Mythos. They serve varying roles throughout the games, sometimes as enemies, sometimes as recruitable allies. In particular, Nyarlathotep served as the chief antagonist for Shin Megami Tensei: Persona , Persona 2: Innocent Sin and Persona 2: Eternal Punishment . In Persona 5 , the Necronomicon appears as Futaba Sakura's initial persona. In Persona 5 Royal , Azathoth appears as the persona of Takuto Maruki. |
| Necronomicon: The Dawning of Darkness | Wanadoo Edition | 2001 | A horror adventure game. The game's plot is a re-telling of The Case of Charles Dexter Ward , a novella by H. P. Lovecraft. |
| Paradigm | Jacob Janerka | 2017 | In the game, a Cthulhu-flavored cupcake can be acquired from the cupcake salesperson in the hallway. [57] |
| Payday 2 | Overkill Software, Starbreeze Studios | 2013 | A four-player cooperative shooter in which players attempt to rob a bank. Cthulhu's face is available as a cosmetic item. |
| Phoenix Point | Snapshot Games | 2018 | A turn-based tactics game in which Earth is infested with a strange mist mutating fauna into Lovecraftian horrors. A background story, "The Tomb of the Phoenix", identifies the planet Yuggoth as the source of an identical infestation from millions of years ago. However, as stated by one of the writers, the exact connection is yet to be determined, and it is possible knowledge of the infestation was actually Lovecraft's inspiration in-universe, since his books are mentioned. [58] |
| Prisoner of Ice | Infogrames | 1995 | An adventure game based on H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos, particularly At the Mountains of Madness . |
| Pump it Up | Andamiro | 1999 | A Rhythm Game series. Starting from Pump It Up Prime 2015, music artist Nato releases boss songs based off of the Outer Gods: Yog Sothoth (Prime 2015), Shub Niggurath (Prime 2 2017), Nyarlathotep (XX 2019), and Ghroth (Phoenix 2023). |
| Quake | id Software | 1996 | A first-person shooter computer game whose final boss was an entity named Shub-Niggurath. [59] |
| RuneScape | Jagex | 2014 | A Quest-based on The Shadow over Innsmouth . In the Quest, called A Shadow over Ashdale, the player must save the isle-town of Ashedale from an ancient, aquatic race called Crassians - based themselves on common images of the Deep Ones. |
| Sam & Max: The Devil's Playhouse | Telltale Games | 2010 | A five-episode point-and-click adventure game from the Sam & Max series. The story features a Cthulhu-like race of Elder Gods, the most notable of them named "Yog-Soggoth". |
| Scribblenauts , Super Scribblenauts , Scribblenauts Remix , Scribblenauts Unlimited , Scribblenauts Unmasked | 5th Cell | 2009, 2010 (Nintendo DS), 2011 (iOS), 2013 | Cthulhu and a shoggoth can be summoned during gameplay. [60] |
| Shadow of the Comet | Infogrames | 1993 | An adventure game based on The Shadow over Innsmouth . |
| Sherlock Holmes: The Awakened | Frogwares | 2007 | Features an investigation into a number of disappearances believed to be the work of a Cthulhu cult. [61] |
| Sherlock Holmes Versus Arsène Lupin | Frogwares | 2007 | Although the game's story is not directly related to the Cthulhu Mythos, a number of references are given, connected to the previous game ( Sherlock Holmes: The Awakened ). Sherlock Holmes has a Cthulhu statue in his possession. When interacted with, a growling noise can be heard. Barnes, the bookstore owner, who help Holmes translate a Cthulhu Mythos - related magical grimoire in the previous game, has become obsessed with it, to the point where it's beginning to wear upon his sanity. In a particular cut scene, Holmes goes into Watson's room and catches him in the midst of a nightmare, screaming about 'Tentacles'. |
| Sherlock Holmes: The Devil's Daughter | Frogwares | 2016 | Sherlock's archives contain a number of references to the Cthulhu Mythos, as well as information on one of his previous cases involving a Cthulhu Cult ( Sherlock Holmes: The Awakened ). The game's final antagonist, Alice Hamilton, is involved in spiritualism and the occult, and wears a talisman depicting the version of the Elder Sign appearing in the Simon Necronomicon . |
| SMITE | Hi-Rez Studios | 2014 | A third person MOBA with gods from different pantheons as playable characters, including ones from the Lovecraftian mythos. Cthulhu is playable as part of the game's growing roster of gods, mythical creatures, Heroes and many more. Ah-Muzen-Cab also has a purchasable skin inspired by Cthulhu, named "The Dark Whisperer". |
| Source of Madness | Carry Castle | 2021 | A child of Shub-Niggurath is the act I boss. |
| South Park: The Fractured but Whole | Ubisoft | 2017 | A role-playing game which features Shub-Niggurath as a boss. |
| Sunless Sea | Failbetter Games | 2016 | A game set in the same universe as Fallen London, with a greater emphasis on exploration and Lovecraftian themes. |
| Sucker for Love: First Date | AkaBaka | 2022 | A parodic dating sim and horror visual novel wherein the player obtains a pink Necronomicon, and begins performing rituals to summon moe anthropomorphic beings from the Cthulhu Mythos, such as Ln'eta, a female version of Cthulhu. |
| Terraria | Re-Logic | 2011 | Eye of Cthulhu and Brain of Cthulhu are two prominent boss characters. The final boss, the Moon Lord, bears very close resemblance to Cthulhu, as well as having True Eyes of Cthulhu. It has been joked that he is Cthulhu's brother, despite him not having a brother in any of Lovecraft's stories. It was later revealed that Moon Lord is Cthulhu himself. Additionally, the Corruption biome appears to be based upon The Colour Out of Space . |
| The Binding of Isaac , The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth | Nicalis | 2011, 2014 | Roguelike games, both based on Biblical themes. Both games feature an item called Necronomicon, a direct reference to Lovecraft's Necronomicon . [62] The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth also contains the ability for the player to transform into the Leviathan, whose design is really inspired by Lovecraftian horror. [63] |
| The Lost Child | Crim | 2017 | A role-playing game where the Ancient Gods plot for world domination. Chtulu and Nyarlathotep are central antagonists of the story, and many creatures of Lovecraft's lore are common enemies or bosses. |
| The Secret World | Funcom | 2012 | An action-adventure MMO. Parts of the game were described by the project lead as being inspired by Lovecraft; there are locations and creatures named after Lovecraft/the Cthulhu Mythos and quests referencing/re-acting elements of it. [64] |
| The Sinking City | Frogwares | 2019 | An open-world survival horror game inspired by a number of works by H. P. Lovecraft and August Derleth. |
| The Vanishing of Ethan Carter | The Austronauts | 2014 | An open world horror adventure video game featuring a story plot reminiscing of H. P. Lovecraft's and August Derleth's works. Several Cthulhu Mythos elements also exist, including references to the Sleeper below the Sea (Cthulhu), the sunken city (R'lyeh), the Necronomicon , the One-Who-Shall-Not-Be-Named (Hastur), etc. |
| The Witcher game series | CD Projekt | 2007-2015 | All three games of the series feature a number of references to the Cthulhu Mythos. The Witcher includes the Vodyanoi, an underwater race based on water spirits from Slavonic folklore that predates Lovecraft's works; however, the Vodynaoi in the first game resemble the Deep Ones that serve the sea-god Dagon, complete with human cultists worshiping and dealing with them. In The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings , the book De Vermis Mysteriis appears. The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt also features a number of documents with Lovecraftian themes, including a copy of the Necronomicon as well as notes written by members of the Cult of Cthulhu. |
| X-COM: Terror from the Deep | MicroProse | 1995 | Features multiple aliens that bear a close resemblance to creatures from the Cthulhu Mythos, including Cthulhu himself as "The Great Dreamer". Most names have been altered. A hidden underwater city is called "T'leth" instead of Lovecraft's R'lyeh. However, some of the original names, such as Deep One, were adopted unchanged. [65] |
| Band | Album | Song | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1349 | Hellfire (2005) | "From the Deeps" | |
| The Acacia Strain | Continent (2008) | "Cthulhu" | Inspired by Lovecraft. [66] |
| Adagio | Dominate (2005) | "R'lyeh the Dead" | Inspired by R'lyeh |
| Adam Beyer & Ida Engberg | The Color out of Space (2012) | "The Color out of Space", "Lovecraft" | |
| Æther | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "Mountains of Madness" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. The song's title and lyrics are inspired by H.P. Lovecraft's short story "Mountains of Madness". |
| Alkaloid | The Malkuth Grimoire (2015) | "Cthulhu" | "[...] Cthulhu. Buried in the deep. Cthulhu. Awaken from your sleep. Cthulhu. No more in death to lie. Cthulhu. For even death may die. [...]" |
| Altar of Dagon | Rantings of Mad Men (2015) | "Altar of Dagon", "Al Hazred" | The band's name, as well as the identically titled song, is inspired by H.P. Lovecraft's short story "Dagon". Al Hazred, also known as the Mad Arab, is a recurring character in Lovecraft's works. |
| Anno Mundi | Land of Legends (2019) | "Tribute to Erich Zann" | Inspired by H.P. Lovecraft's short story "The Music of Erich Zann". |
| Anorimoi | Κώλαση (Hell) (2020) | "Cthulhu" | Anorimoi are a Comedy Metal band from Greece. Their song, "Cthulhu", describes a humorous situation where the titular Great Old One has been caught in the nets of a fisherman and is about to be served as dinner. The album's cover art depicts an octopus-like creature, presumably Cthulhu, rising from the ocean and drowning an airplane. |
| Antipeewee | Madness Unleashed (2015) | "Rise of Cthulhu" | Inspired by the Cthulhu Mythos |
| Army of Dagon | Army of Dagon (2015), Night of the Mystics (2017) | Various | The band's name is inspired by H.P. Lovecrafts short story "Dagon". |
| Ars Ephemera | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "The Other Gods" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. The song is based on H.P. Lovecraft's short story "The Other Gods". |
| Arzachel | Arzachel (1969) | "Azathoth" | |
| Atlantean Kodex | The Pnakotic Demos (2010) | Various (all?) | Pnakotic refers to the "Pnakotic Manuscripts", the first fictional grimoire created by H. P. Lovecraft. |
| Atlantean Kodex | The White Goddess (2013) | "Heresiarch" | A heresiarch is the leader of a heretical sect or cult, in this case referring to Nyarlathotep. |
| Attilio Perrone | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "Topi nel muro" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. "Topi nel muro" translates to "Mice in the walls", a reference to H.P. Lovecraft's short story "The rats in the walls". |
| Aviators | Dreams of the Deep (2021) | "The Wall of Sleep", "Dreams of the Deep", "Can You Hear It?" | In addition to songs based on Bloodborne, itself a heavily Lovecraftian game, the album contains songs directly inspired by Lovecraft's work. "The Wall of Sleep" is based on the short story "Beyond the Wall of Sleep"; "Dreams of the Deep" is a homage to "The Call of Cthulhu"; and "Can You Hear It?" is based on the story "The Rats in the Walls". |
| Bal-Sagoth | Atlantis Ascendant (2001) | "The Dreamer in the Catacombs of Ur" | Mentioned among others |
| Bal-Sagoth | The Chthonic Chronicles (2006) | "Shackled to the Trilithon of Kutulu" | |
| Black Sabbath | Black Sabbath (1970) | "Behind the Wall of Sleep" | The song's title and lyrics are inspired by a short story with a similar name. |
| Blank Manuscript | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "Beast in the Cave" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. The song title refers to H.P. Lovecraft's short story with the same name. |
| Blind Idiot God | Various | Various | Name inspired by H. P. Lovecraft's description of Azathoth |
| Blue Öyster Cult | Curse of the Hidden Mirror (2001) | "The Old Gods Return" | "[...] Of a six eyed god whose wings beat; In a time so odd, so very odd; And we're all lost, all of us blessedly lost [...]" |
| Bong of Cthulhu | Various | Various | Named after Cthulhu |
| Burning Shadows | Into the Primordial (2010) | "Haunter of the Dark", "Sarnath" | Inspired by H.P. Lovecraft's short stories "Haunter of the Dark" and "The Doom That Came to Sarnath" |
| Burzum | Burzum (1992) | "Ea, Lord of the Deeps" | Lyrics are taken directly from Necronomicon |
| Caravan | For Girls Who Grow Plump in the Night (1973) | "C'thlu Thlu" | "[...] Something seemed nearly dead making me feel so cold; Even the trees seemed to fear there was something unreal [...]" |
| Christian Muenzner | Beyond the Wall of Sleep (2014) | "Shadow Over Innsmouth", "Mountains of Madness", "Beyond the Wall of Sleep" | |
| Ciccada | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "The Statement" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. Based on the H.P. Lovecraft short story "The Statement Of Randolph Carter" |
| Cradle of Filth | Midian (2000) | "Cthulhu Dawn" | |
| Cradle of Filth | Lovecraft & Witch Hearts (2002) | Compilation album. While aside from a mention or two, few of the included tracks seem to have any central reference to the Cthulhu Mythos, the album's intricate artwork was executed by graphic artist John Coulthard, who penned a graphic-arts version of Lovecraft's "The Call of Cthulhu" for 1995's The Starry Wisdom: Fiction Inspired by H. P. Lovecraft (Ed. D. M. Mitchell & Ramsay Campbell, Creation Books). | |
| Cradle of Filth | Nymphetamine (2004) | "Mother of Abominations" | A continuation to Cthulhu Dawn from the Midian album. [67] |
| Cradle of Filth | The Manticore and Other Horrors (2012) | "The Abhorrent", "Siding with the Titans" | As stated by Dani Filth in an interview, the two songs " extol tentacular Lovecraftian values". [68] |
| Cloven Hoof | Resist or Serve (2014) | "Call of the Dark Ones" | "[...] Nameless terror from beneath the sea. In submerged cities waiting to be free [...]" |
| Code: Pandorum | The Lovecraftian Horrors (2017) | Various | |
| Consortium of Genius | The Fump, Vol. 23: September - October 2010 | "What a Friend We Have in Cthulhu" | Parody in the style of a gospel song praising Cthulhu. Part of a compilation album series by "The Funny Music Project". |
| Creature Feature | It Was A Dark And Stormy Night (2011) | "Fodder for the Elder Gods" | Features the Elder Gods from the Cthulhu mythos, as implied in the title. |
| Crystal Eyes | Dead City Dreaming (2006) | "Dead City Dreaming" | Title and lyrics based on the sunken city R'Lyeh. "[...] In ruins aeons old beneath the sea, the Ancients long to be free. They lie dead and dreaming at this fallen site. [...]" |
| Daal | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "The Call of Cthulu" (Instrumental) | Title based on the similarly named short story. |
| D'Accord | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "The Doom That Came to Sarnath" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. Title and lyrics based on the short story with the same name. |
| Dark Moor | Beyond the Sea (2005) | "Through the Gates of the Silver Key" (Intro), "The Silver Key" | These songs are based on the like-named short stories set in the Dreamlands of H.P. Lovecraft. [69] |
| The Darkest of the Hillside Thickets | Various | Various | Many of the band's songs reference Lovecraft's work. [70] |
| Deadmau5 | 4x4=12 (2010) | "Cthulhu Sleeps" | An eponymous instrumental. [71] |
| Deadmau5 | While(1<2) (2014) | "Rlyehs Lament" | |
| Death Breath | Stinking Up the Night (2006) | "Cthulhu Fhtagn!" | |
| Deathchain | Cult of Death (2007) | "Serpent of the Deep" | |
| Deathchain | Death Eternal (2008) | "Incantations of Shub-Niggurath" | |
| Deathchain | Death Gods (2010) | "The Crawling Chaos", "The Beyond", "Howling of the Blind", "Cthulhu Rising" | |
| Deathlike Silence | Saturday Night Evil (2009) | "Dagon" | |
| Defiatory | Hades Rising (2018) | "King in Yellow" | Based on "The King in Yellow" by Robert W. Chambers, incorporated into the Cthulhu Mythos by Lovecraft. |
| Deicide | Legion (1992) | "Dead but Dreaming" | Describing implicitly Cthulhu's latent state, as well as the Elder Ones' |
| Denner / Shermann | Masters of Evil (2016) | "Servants of Dagon" | |
| Despondent | Awakening The Elder Gods (2015) | "I. Awakening The Elder Gods" "II. The Madness From The Sea" "III. Succumbing To Insanity" "IV. Horrific Revelation" | Inspired by Lovecraft, particularly his short story "The Call of Cthulhu" |
| Despondent | Tales of Insanity (2016) | "Cthulhu: Galactic Trap Lord" | |
| Despondent | The Cosmic Horror (2020) | "Great Race of Yith", "Shoggoth", and more | |
| Dexter Ward | Antarctic Dream (2010) | "Antarctic Dream" | The song ends with a Lovecraft quote: "Sick of this sphere, in crime and conflict old, We yearn for wonders distant and untold". [72] Also, the band's name is taken from the short story The Case of Charles Dexter Ward . |
| Dread Sovereign | All Hell's Martyrs (2014) | "Cthulhu Opiate Haze" | |
| Dream Theater | Systematic Chaos (2007) | "The Dark Eternal Night" | Inspired by Lovecraft's prose-poem "Nyarlathotep", including several verbatim quotes |
| Eben Brooks, Allison Lonsdale | O R'lyeh? Iä, R'lyeh! (2009) | "Hey There Cthulhu", "Bloody (Before It Eats My Face)", "Timere" | "Hey There Cthulhu" is a parody song to the tune of "Hey There, Delilah" by Plain White Ts. |
| Electric Wizard | Supercoven (1998) | "Supercoven" | "[...] Yog Sothoth is the gate [...]" |
| Electric Wizard | Witchcult Today (2007) | "Dunwich" | |
| Entombed | Clandestine (1991) | "Stranger Aeons" | Lyrics mention "dreamquest," "lurking at the threshold," and "stranger things that eternal lie." |
| Epilog | Whispers in the Darkness (2017) | "Nightmare HPL", "Whispers in the Darkness" | The album title is derived from Lovecraft's "The Whisperer in Darkness" and the cover is a depiction of Cthulhu. Also, the abbreviation "HPL" in "Nightmare HPL" is a reference to H. P. Lovecraft. |
| Epilog | Ancient Ritual (2019) | "The King in Yellow", "Cthulhu's Coming" | The album cover is a depiction of Hastur (The King in Yellow). |
| The Fall | Dragnet (1979) | "Spectre Vs. Rector" | "Yog Sothoth Ray Milland" |
| Flint Glass | Nyarlathotep (2006) | Various | |
| Glass Hammer | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "Cool Air" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. |
| Goad | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "At the Mountains of Madness" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. Based on the H.P. Lovecraft short story with the same name. |
| The Gothic Archies | The Tragic Treasury: Songs from A Series of Unfortunate Events (2006) | "We Are the Gothic Archies" | "[...] Though gothic we are Archie, though Archie we are goth; No Satan-worshipers we, we worship Yog-Sothoth!" |
| Grailknights | Knightfall (2018) | "Cthulhu" | |
| Gravemachine | Heal Me Not (2010) | "Haunter of the Dark" | |
| The Great Old Ones | Cosmicism (2019) | ||
| Guy LeBlanc | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "Beyond the Wall of Sleep" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. Based on the H.P. Lovecraft short story with the same name. |
| Gwar | Scumdogs of the Universe (1990) | "Horror of Yig" | |
| Fields of the Nephilim | The Nephilim (1988) | "Last Exit for the Lost" | "[...] Between the spaces, along the wall; Appearing faces, that disappear at dawn; We're getting closer. I can see the door; Closer and closer; Kthulhu calls; Forever remain (x4)" |
| High on Fire | Blessed Black Wings (2005) | "The Face of Oblivion", "Cometh Down Hessian" | "The Face of Oblivion" is based on At the Mountains of Madness and "Cometh Down Hessian" is based on The Hound . |
| High on Fire | De Vermis Mysteriis (2015) | "De Vermis Mysteriis" | De Vermis Mysteriis is a fictional grimoire created by Robert Bloch and incorporated by H. P. Lovecraft into the lore of the Cthulhu Mythos. |
| High on Fire | Luminiferous (2015) | "Carcosa" | The song is based on the fictional extraterrestrial city "Carcosa", created by Ambrose Bierce, and later associated with the Cthulhu Mythos. |
| H. P. Lovecraft | H. P. Lovecraft (1967); H. P. Lovecraft II (1968) | Various | A 1960s band named for the author, with song content reflecting Lovecraft's works. [73] |
| Iced Earth | Plagues of Babylon (2014) | "Cthulhu" | |
| Ice Nine Kills | The Silver Scream 2: Welcome to Horrorwood (2014) | "Ex-Mortis" | Based on The Evil Dead & the Necronomicon |
| Increate | Void (2017) | "Depths of R'lyeh", "The Crawling Chaos", "Blind Idiot God" | |
| Jinetes Negros | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "Hypnos" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. The song is based on the short story with the same name. |
| Karda Estra | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "The Haunter of the Dark" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. The song is based on the short story with the same name. |
| Kate | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "Dream-Quest to the Unknown Kadath" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. The song is based on the short story with the same name. |
| Krypts | Unending Degradation (2013) | "Dormancy of the Ancients" | |
| La coscienza di Zeno | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "Colofonia" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. |
| Legion of the Damned | Cult of the Dead (2008) | "Black Wings of Yog-Sothoth" | |
| Lento | Anxiety Despair Languish (2012) | "Blind Idiot God" | |
| Manilla Road | Spiral Castle (2002) | "Spiral Castle" | "[...]Yog Sothoth has come; And the ancient ones" |
| The Men That Will Not Be Blamed For Nothing | This May Be The Reason Why The Men That Will Not Be Blamed For Nothing Cannot Be Killed By Conventional Weapons | "Margate Fhtagn" | A story of a Victorian family going on a seaside holiday to Margate, which gets interrupted by Cthulhu's rising from the sea. [74] |
| Mercyful Fate | Time (1994) | "The Mad Arab" | |
| Mercyful Fate | Into the Unknown (1996) | "Kutulu (The Mad Arab Part Two)" | |
| Metallica | Ride the Lightning (1984) | "The Call of Ktulu" | An instrumental inspired by "The Call of Cthulhu". [75] |
| Metallica | Master of Puppets (1986) | "The Thing That Should Not Be" | Lovecraft-inspired, alludes to The Shadow over Innsmouth--"hybrid children watch the sea, pray for father roaming free"—and the rhyming couplet "The Nameless City"--"not dead which eternal lie, in stranger eons death might die". " [76] [77] [78] |
| Metallica | Death Magnetic (2008) | "All Nightmare Long" | Described by vocalist James Hetfield as being about the Hounds of Tindalos. [79] |
| Metallica | Hardwired... to Self-Destruct (2016) | "Dream No More" | "[...]Cthulhu, awaken[...]" |
| Miskatonic Union | Astral Quest (2018) | "Road to the Mountains of Madness", "Miskatonic Union" | |
| Miskatonic Union | The Usurper (2020) | "Kamog" | |
| Morbid Angel | Altars of Madness (1989) | "Lord of all Fevers and Plague" | Mentions 'Cthulhu' among other non-Lovecraftian entities. |
| Morbid Angel | Blessed Are the Sick (1991) | "The Ancient Ones" | |
| Morbid Angel | Covenant (1993) | "Angel of Disease" | |
| Mr. Hurley & die Pulveraffen | Leviathan (2019) | "Leviathan" | The song's title and lyrics are inspired by H.P. Lovecraft's "Call of Cthulhu". |
| NanowaR of Steel | Stairway to Valhalla (2018) | "The Call of Cthulhu" | Comedy metal song about Cthulhu running an evil call center. |
| Necromantia | Black Arts Lead to Everlasting Sins E.P. (1992) | "The Feast of Ghouls", "De Magia Veterum" | "The Feast of Ghouls" is based on concepts from The R'lyeh Text: Hidden Leaves of the Necronomicon. "De Magia Veterum" is based partly on The Call of Cthulhu and partly on the Simon Necronomicon. |
| Necromantia | Crossing the Fiery Path (1993) | "The Warlock" | The Necronomicon, the Book of Eibon and De Vermis Mysteriis are referenced among other "forbidden" magical grimoires. |
| Necromantia | From The Past We Summon Thee E.P. (1994) | "Faceless Gods" | A song influenced by the Cthulhu Mythos and the Simon Necronomicon. |
| Necromantia | The Sound of Lucifer Storming Heaven (2007) | "For the Elder Magi: I-Eibon the Necromancer", "Architecture Of Exquisite Madness" | "For the Elder Magi: I-Eibon the Necromancer" is about Eibon, a figure created by Robert E. Howard and often used by H. P. Lovecraft and other Cthulhu Mythos authors. "Architecture Of Exquisite Madness" is about the Church of Starry Wisdom and describes the Non-Euclidean Geometry often referenced in H. P. Lovecraft's works. |
| Necromantia | People of the Sea E.P. (2008), ...For The Temple Of The Serpent Skull... split E.P. with Acherontas (2008) | "People of the Sea" | A song about the Deep Ones. |
| Nexus | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "The Colour Out of Space" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. Based on H. P. Lovecraft's short story with the same name. |
| Nile | Various | Various | Nile have written several songs about the Cthulhu mythos. Vocalist and guitarist Karl Sanders claimed Lovecraft's works were in harmony with the essence of death metal. [80] |
| Ningen Isu | Ougon no Yoake (Golden Dawn) (1992) | "Kyouki Sanmyaku" (At the Mountains of Madness) | |
| Ningen Isu | Taihai Geijutsu Ten (Degenerate Art Exhibition) (1998) | "Dunwich no Kai" (The Dunwich Horror) | |
| Ningen Isu | Mandoro (Ten Thousand Garden Lanterns) (2013) | "Jikan kara no Kage" (The Shadow Out of Time) | |
| Ningen Isu | Utsushiyo wa Yume (This World Is A Dream) (2014) | "Uchuu kara no Iro" (The Colour out of Space) | |
| Nox Arcana | Necronomicon (2004) | (all songs) | An album entirely about the Cthulhu Mythos. [81] |
| On Interrupt | Cosmic Drift (2016) | "The Gates of Yog-Sothoth" | |
| On Interrupt | Totality (EP) (2019) | "Blind Idiot God" | |
| Opeth | Heritage (2011) | "Pyre" | The lyrics contain references to the short story "Beyond the Wall of Sleep" |
| Orange Goblin | A Eulogy for the Damned (2012) | "Red Tide Rising" | "[...] Gods are descending, a force unrelenting. Cthulhu will rise from the sea. [...]" |
| Persuader | The Fiction Maze (2013) | "Heathen", "Dagon Rising" | |
| Portal | Various | Various | This obscure Australian Black/Death band is heavily inspired by Lovecraft's works lyrically, visually, and musically. [82] |
| Rage | Trapped! (1992) | "Beyond the Wall of Sleep" | |
| Rage | The Missing Link (1993) | "Lost in the Ice" | |
| Rage | Black in Mind (1995) | "The Crawling Chaos", "Shadow Out of Time", "In a Nameless Time" | |
| Revocation | "Deathless" (2014) | "Madness Opus", "The Blackest Reaches" | The first song is based on "The Music of Erich Zann", the second song is based on "The Haunter of the Dark". |
| Revocation | "The Outer Ones" (2018) | "Of Unworldly Origin", That Which Consumes All Things", "The Outer Ones" | The album is generally inspired by Lovecraft. Of Unworldly Origin mentions Shub-Niggurath, That Which Consumes All Things is based on "The Colour Out of Space", The Outer Ones refers to The Outer Gods in the Cthulhu Mythos. |
| Rotting Christ | Passage to Arcturo (1991) | "The Forest of N'Gai", "Inside the Eye of Algond" | The two songs contain references to several Great Old Ones (Azathoth, Tsathoggua, Ithaqua etc.), as well as locations from Cthulhu Mythos and Dream Cycle locations (Innsmouth, Carcosa, Kandath etc.). |
| Rudimentary Peni | Cacophony (1988) | (all 30 songs) | An album consisting entirely of songs that reference (either directly or indirectly) both Lovecraft's personal life and his literary works (mainly the Cthulhu Mythos). [83] |
| Saille | Ritu (2013) | "Fhtagn" | A slow, ritualistic song based on "The Call of Cthulhu" from a cultist's perspective. [84] |
| Samael | Worship Him (1992) | "Rite of Cthulhu" | |
| The Samurai of Prog | The Stories of H.P. Lovecraft - A Synphonic Collection (2012) | "The Case of Charles Dexter Ward" | Part of an H.P. Lovecraft themed compilation album with contributions from several progressive rock bands. Based on H. P. Lovecraft's short story with the same name. |
| Seizon | Various | Various | His whole discography is based on Cthulhu Mythos (for instance: The Great Old Ones), with the exception of "Goya Toca a Oz" and "The Amazing Journey" albums. |
| Septicflesh | Mystic Places of Dawn (1994) | "Mystic Places of Dawn" | The city of Sarnath from the short story "The Doom that Came to Sarnath" is referenced among Atlantis, Lemuria and other mythical sunken or destroyed cities. |
| Septicflesh | Communion (2008) | "Lovecraft's Death" | The song's lyrics are an amalgam of various Cthulhu Mythos story titles, including "The Call of Cthulhu", "The Whisperer in Darkness", "The Music of Erich Zann" and others. |
| Septicflesh | Codex Omega (2017) | "Our Church, Below the Sea" | Inspired by the Cult of Cthulhu and its beliefs, referenced in "The Call of Cthulhu", as well as the cult of the Deep Ones from The Shadow Over Innsmouth |
| Seven Kingdoms | Decennium (2017) | "In the Walls" | Inspired by H.P. Lovecraft's short story "The Rats in the Walls." |
| Shub-Niggurath | Le Morts Vont Vite and other albums | "Yog Sothoth" and other tracks | Avant-rock/zeuhl band from France which received acclaim for its development of Magma's sound. Several tracks are explicitly Cthulhu Mythos-inspired, and the name of the band is a Cthulhu Mythos deity. [85] |
| Sulphur Aeon | Various | Various | Their whole discography is based on Cthulhu Mythos, with each album having a different deity as its main subject (although not exclusively): Swallowed By the Ocean's Tide is about Cthulhu, Gateway To the Antishphere is mostly about Azagthoth and The Scythe of Cosmic Chaos is centered around Nyarlahotep |
| Thergothon | Stream from the Heavens (1994) and "Fhtagn-Nagh Yog Sothoth" demo (1991) | Various songs | Thergothon's entire catalog is rife with Lovecraftian lyrical reference and atmospheric inspiration. [86] |
| Therion | Beyond Sanctorum (1992) | "Cthulhu" | Inspired by H. P. Lovecraft's work. [87] |
| Varathron | His Majesty at the Swamp (1993) | "Flowers of My Youth", "The Tressrising of Nyarlathotep" | "Flowers of My Youth" is an invocation of Cthulhu (spelled Kutulu), combining the Cthulhu Mythos with elements from The Lord of the Rings (the fictional city of Cirith Ungol). In "The Tressrising of Nyarlathotep", lyrics are inspired by the prose poem Nyarlathotep. |
| Varathron | Untrodden Corridors of Hades (2014) | "The Bright Trapezium" | A song about the Shining Trapezohedron and the Church of Starry Wisdom. |
| The Vision Bleak | Carpathia - A Dramatic Poem (2005) | "Kutulu!" | Many of the band's songs are inspired by classic horror novels and films, including H. P. Lovecraft's work. [88] |
| Zardonic | Lovecraft Machine | "Cthulhu" | The first track of this release is named after Cthulhu. [89] |
| John Zorn | Magick (2004) | Tracks 1-5: "Conjurations", "The Magus", "Thought Forms", "Incunabula", and "Asmodeus" | These 5 tracks combine to form a work called "Necronomicon" |
| Title | Author | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14 | Peter Clines | 2012 | A speculative fiction novel which explores the Cthulhu Mythos in a contemporary setting [90] |
| The Adventures of Samurai Cat | Mark E. Rogers | 1984 | The character Samurai Cat traverses time and space on a mission of revenge, and at one point wreaks havoc in H. P. Lovecraft's The Shadow Over Innsmouth . [91] |
| Afterlife with Archie | Archie Horror | 2014 | A comic series in which Sacthubrina ends up at an otherworldly asylum run by "Dr. Lovecraft" after setting off the zombie apocalypse in the series. Due to her use of the Necronomicon she has inadvertently awakened Cthulhu, who intends for her to serve as his bride. |
| All-Consuming Fire | Andy Lane | 1994 | This Doctor Who Virgin New Adventures novel is set on a planet called Ry'leh and features an alien claiming to be Azathoth. It also equates several pre-existing Doctor Who monsters with Mythos creatures, claiming Fenric (from The Curse of Fenric ) is Hastur, the Great Intelligence is Yog-Sothoth, and the Animus (from The Web Planet ) is Lloigor. [92] |
| And Another Thing... | Eoin Colfer | 2009 | The final installment in the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series, and, in a humorous vignette, features Cthulhu interviewing for the position of god of the planet "Nano". [93] |
| Astronomicon minorem | Khurt Khave | 2015 | Main religious text of the First United Church of Cthulhu [94] |
| Awoken | Serra Elinsen | 2013 | A young adult paranormal romance about a girl who falls in love with Cthulhu who appears at her high school in the guise of a teenage boy. The novel was created by internet film critic Lindsay Ellis and her friends Nella Inserra and Elisa Hansen, along with their fanbase as a parody of Twilight and subsequent novels of the young adult paranormal romance genre. [95] |
| The Book of the SubGenius and other SubGenius literature | J.R. "Bob" Dobbs and The SubGenius Foundation | 1983 | Contains many references and allusions to the Cthulhu Mythos, such as identifying J.R. "Bob" Dobbs' real identity as Nyarlathotep and numerous mentions of the Elder Gods and Great Old Ones, who include SubGenius deities such as Jehovah 1 and the Discordian/SubGenius deity Eris Discordia, and mentioning Cthulhu as one of the common choices for a ShorDurPerSav (short-duration personal savior). [96] |
| The Call of C'rruso | Mark Shaw, Laura Shaw and Flemming Andersen | 2016 | In Donald Duck #16, this Disney comics adventure story is a loose parody of the Cthulhu Mythos. Wannabe star singer Donald Duck is taken to the lost city of "Sp'too," where the many-eyed monster-god "Pf'legmwad" lies sleeping—with all of our world existing only as a part of his dream. "Mr. C'rruso", a humanlike manifestation of Pf'legmwad's mind, thinks that Donald's quacky singing voice will wake the monster up, as it eventually does. [97] |
| A Colder War | Charles Stross | 1997 | A novella that blends the political fiction and technothriller genres with the Mythos. [98] |
| The Crawlin' Chaos Blues | Edward Michael Erdelac | 2010 | A blues singer in 1964 who makes a deal with Nyarlathotep for fame and fortune. [99] |
| Crouch End | Stephen King | 1980 | A short story concerning a young couple lost in the London suburb, featuring several references to the Mythos. [100] |
| Darkwing Duck | Ian Brill | 2010 | A story arc of the comic book series involves the criminal organization F.O.W.L. unleashing "Duckthulu", an obvious parody of Cthulhu. |
| Destiny: The Sacred City | Andrew Lawrenson | 2016 | The conclusion in the Brotherhood of the Star trilogy, in which the protagonists must face a final battle against the dark cult and their plans to raise an ancient evil. [101] |
| Discworld (series) | Terry Pratchett | 1983 - | Numerous allusions exist throughout the series; the most explicit of these is the Necrotelecomnicon, after Lovecraft's iconic Necronomicon grimoire. [102] |
| The Dream-Quest of Vellitt Boe | Kij Johnson | 2016 | A novella set in the dreamlands and featuring an appearance by Raymond Carter, a former lover of the protagonist, in a subtly feminist re-imagining of Lovecraft's The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath . [103] |
| The Dresden Files (series) | Jim Butcher | 2000 - | Frequently alluded to throughout the series, in terms of the 'Outsiders', beings from beyond 'the Outer Gates' at the edge of reality and knowledge of them is eradicated wherever possible by the White Council of Wizards and the Venatori. One, He-Who-Walks-Behind, is an important part of the series' backstory. Several examples are explicitly included, such as a Shoggoth and Cthulhu, the latter being referred to as 'the Sleeper' and having an active cult. Lovecraft himself is referenced. |
| Famous Monsters of Filmland | A variant cover for issue #281 featured Cthulhu locked in battle with Godzilla. | ||
| Green Lama Unbound | Adam Lance Garcia | 2010 | The Green Lama, a pulp hero from the 1940s, battles Nazis as they attempt to raise Cthulhu. Features strong elements from the Mythos. [104] |
| Good Omens | Terry Pratchett & Neil Gaiman | 1990 | Hastur appears as one of the Dukes of Hell. |
| I, Cthulhu | Neil Gaiman | 1986 | A short story on Gaiman's website featuring Cthulhu dictating an autobiography to a human slave. [105] |
| The Illuminatus! Trilogy | Robert Anton Wilson and Robert Shea | 1975 | Features several Mythos references. |
| "Jerusalem's Lot" | Stephen King | 1978 | A short story published in 1978 as a part of the collection Night Shift . It serves as a prequel to 'Salem's Lot . |
| Johannes Cabal: The Fear Institute | Jonathan L. Howard | 2011 | The third novel in the Johannes Cabal series is set primarily in Lovecraft's Dreamlands and features many Lovecraftian references, locations, and Elder Gods. [106] |
| Carter & Lovecraft, After the End of the World | Jonathan L. Howard | 2015 2017 | In this series set in a world where Randolph Carter and H. P. Lovecraft once changed reality, a former homicide detective turned private investigator, Daniel Carter, and a knowledgeable and talented book store manager, Emily Lovecraft, have to protect reality from being distorted back to a world with Arkham, Innsmouth, Dunwich, and unspeakable magic. |
| The Laundry Files | Charles Stross | 2004 - 2018 | Influenced by Lovecraft's visions of the future, and set in a world where a computer and the right mathematical equations is just as useful a toolset for calling up horrors from other dimensions as a spellbook and a pentagram on the floor. |
| Legacy: Shadow Watch | Andrew Lawrenson | 2015 | A mystery/thriller set against a backdrop of the Cthulhu Mythos, where the protagonists must face a dark cult who worship the Great Old Ones. [107] |
| The Long War | A.J. Smith (author) | 2013 (launched) | A series of dark fantasy novels described as "Martin meets Lovecraft". [108] Shub-Nillurath, or "the Black God of the forests with a thousand young", is a primary antagonist as are the Dark Young. The first novel The Black Guard, contains several references to the Cthulhu Mythos. [109] |
| The Midnight Eye Files: The Amulet | William Meikle | 2008 | Set in modern-day Glasgow, the worshippers of Cthulhu attempt to revive the god. [110] |
| Move Under Ground | Nick Mamatas, Nightshade Books | 2004 | A pastiche of the work of Jack Kerouac, William S. Burroughs, Neal Cassady and other authors of the Beat Generation milieu, juxtaposed with the Cthulhu Mythos transposed into the late 50s/early 60s within California. [111] |
| The Philosopher's Stone | Colin Wilson | 1969 | Two scientists, now possessing heightened consciousness, discover mankind is the creation of Lovecraft's Old Ones. [112] |
| Practical Demonkeeping The Lust Lizard of Melancholy Cove The Stupidest Angel | Christopher Moore | 1992 1999 2004 | Eggs Sothoth are a popular breakfast at HP's Cafe in Pine Cove, the setting of these and other Moore novels. The owner of HP's has been driven to drink by his encounters with supernatural creatures and other monsters. |
| Prophecy: The Dreamlands | Andrew Lawrenson | 2016 | The sequel to Legacy, continuing the protagonist's struggle against a dark cult who worship the Great Old Ones. [113] |
| Resume With Monsters | William Browning Spencer | 1996 | A humorous novel about a worker who battles a series of bad jobs and Lovecraft's Elder Gods. [114] |
| Salem’s Lot | Stephen King | The original congregation of the town worships Yogsoggoth, as seen in the epilogue when the chapel at Salem’s Lot is visited. | |
| "Shoggoth's Old Peculiar" | Neil Gaiman | 1998 | A short story, in Smoke and Mirrors , where an American tourist happens upon Innsmouth, an English seaside town, and its elderly Cthulhu followers who explain about their master, whilst getting drunk on an odd local beer. [115] |
| "Some Notes Concerning a Green Box" | Alan Dean Foster | 1971 | A short story, in With Friends Like These..., a book of short stories published in 1977. Story documents an expedition somehow related to H. P. Lovecraft and Cthulhu. [116] |
| Soul Eater | Atsushi Ōkubo | 2004 | The Black Mass that resides within The Book of Eibon is most likely a nod to H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu. [117] |
| The Stand | Stephen King | 1978 | An evil sorcerer named Randall Flagg who has many aliases, including "Nyarlathotep". |
| "A Study in Emerald" | Neil Gaiman | 2003 | A Sherlock Holmes/Lovecraft cross-pastiche. [118] |
| Tales of the Plush Cthulhu: Time Wasted [119] | Jon Hansen [120] | accessed 2014 | Online photo story, featuring plush animals and household objects. |
| That Which Should Not Be | Brett J. Talley | 2011 | Set in the early 20th century, concerning a quest for an ancient book that can restore the Lovecraft deities to power. [121] |
| Unspeakable Vault (of Doom) | François Launet | 2003 (launched) | A humorous web-comic strip featuring the Lovecraft deities and monsters. Anders Sandberg noted this comic as an example of the trend of poking fun at formerly horrifying concepts. [122] |
| The Unthinkable [123] | Bruce Sterling | 1994 | Discusses the consequences of the U.S. developing the "Azathoth Bomb" during World War II. |
| The Secret Memoir of the Missionary | Hirofumi Tanaka | 2002 (Japanese) 2006 (English) | A retelling of the arrival of St. Francis Xavier in Japan as influenced by the Cthulhu Mythos. [124] |
| Winter Tide | Ruthanna Emrys | 2017 | The Mythos from the other side, told from the viewpoint of one of the survivors of Innsmouth's "disappearance". [125] |
| Title | Notes |
|---|---|
| A.N.T. Farm | In " performANTS " Sunshine, an employee at a store where Chyna and her friends to go, tells Cameron that she meditates to "Cthulhu, Dark Lord of the Underworld". She later mistakes Angus, dressed as OctoPanda, for Cthulhu. Angus tricks her in believing he is and demands macarons, which he did not get in the green room of the store. |
| Ben 10: Ultimate Alien | The main antagonist of the third season, Diagon, is loosely based on Dagon and Cthulhu. |
| Bungo Stray Dogs | A character in the organization the Guild is named H. P. Lovecraft and holds an ability called "The Old One". |
| Cast a Deadly Spell (1991) | TV movie. The movie is very much an homage to the works of H. P. Lovecraft. Though not based on any one particular story by Lovecraft, the film features many Lovecraftian tropes, and can be considered to take place against the unified backdrop which has come to be known as the Cthulhu Mythos. The nightclub is called Harry Bordon's Dunwich Room. Frequent references are made to the Necronomicon , the Great Old Ones, Cthulhu and Yog-Sothoth throughout the film. |
| Chilling Adventures of Sabrina | Part 3 of the series contains a number of influences from the Cthulhu Mythos. References to the Old Ones and "Eldritch Terrors" (a term often used by H. P. Lovecraft to describe Cthulhu Mythos deities) are used throughout the season. In the episode "Chapter Twenty-Two: Drag Me to Hell", Father Blackwood summons a Deep One, offering his two children as blood sacrifice and is given a mystical egg containing a fish-like embryo. The main antagonist is a leader of a group of Pagans and uses the pseudonym "Carcosa" (a name used in stories by Ambrose Bierce, as well as The King in Yellow by Robert W. Chambers); he is later revealed to be the Great God Pan. The Old Ones, referred to as the "Eldritch Terrors" are the main antagonists of Part 4. A total of eight Eldritch Terrors appear in the series; although they are not directly named after any deities from the Cthulhu Mythos, they adopt many of their characteristics. One of the season's minor antagonists, Father Blackwood, establishes a church worshipping the Eldritch Terrors using the pseudonym "Reverend Lovecraft". H.P. Lovecraft himself is referenced as a writer of weird fiction, as well as a source of information for The Weird, an Eldritch Terror with features similar to Cthulhu. In the same episode, the town of Innsmouth is also mentioned. The final episode of the series is titled At the Mountains of Madness (after the novella of the same name) and takes place on the eponymous location. |
| Dark Shadows | Episodes 885 to 980 of the Gothic soap opera, a storyline commonly known as 'The Leviathans', was inspired by the Cthulhu Mythos. [126] |
| Digimon | At the end of Episode 13 of Adventure 02, "The Call of Dagomon", the silhouette of Dagomon appears rising from the sea, bearing a striking resemblance to Cthulhu. In the same episode, Digimoji (a fictional alphabet featured in the Digimon franchise) translating to Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn and Innsmouth appears. The title of this episode, ダゴモンの呼び声 ("Dagomon no Yobigoe"), is a reference to "The Call of Cthulhu". |
| Doctor Who | In the episode "The Snowmen", an evil being known as "The Great Intelligence" (also known as "Yog-Sothoth" and voiced by Ian McKellen) has been possessing a 19th-century London doctor named Walter Simeon (played by Richard E. Grant) since his childhood, even after his death. The classic serials: "The Seeds of Doom," "Pyramids of Mars" & "Image of the Fendahl" also have much work inspired by Lovecraftian writings. |
| Earthworm Jim | In one episode, the primary antagonist searches for the Nameless Snowglobe, to use the Nameless Key, which in turn releases the Nameless Beast; all of which alludes to "The Nameless City". The Nameless Beast has an appearance based on Cthulhu. |
| Fanboy & Chum Chum | Though no allusion to Cthulhu or any of the Lovecraftian gods are made, a talking version of the Necronomicon is utilized by the aspiring young wizard Kyle Bloodworth-Thomason as a regular grimoire. |
| Fate/Zero | Caster can summon monsters with the chant Cthulhu fhtagn, and in Episode 13, Caster summons a giant sea monster by chanting Ph'nglui mglw'nafh wgah'nagl fhtagn. |
| The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy | The season 1 episode "Big Trouble in Billy's Basement" and the season 5 episode "Prank Call of Cthulhu" feature Yog-Sothoth and Cthulhu, respectively. |
| Housing Complex C | The series makes reference to the mythos, with "Yyrg-Sorhoth" being called upon for protection, and with worshippers of a Cthulhu-esque deity arriving |
| Haiyore! Nyaruko-san | The entire light novel series was based on the Cthulhu Mythos, for it features many of Lovecraft's characters such as Nyarlathotep (depicted in girl form under the name of Nyaruko). Despite the fact that the series has been based on the Mythos, it is a humor/parody series that makes references to a lot of different media. [127] [128] [129] [130] [131] |
| House | Season 6, Episode 18, "Knight Fall", features the Necronomicon, predominantly as a plot piece. |
| Justice League | The double episode "The Terror Beyond" (Season 2, episodes 15-16) has as the main antagonist a creature inspired by Cthulhu, called Icthultu. The episode itself draws heavily from the Mythos. |
| The Librarians | The episode "And the Cost of Higher Education" takes place at Wexler University, a fictional college that Lovecraft used as the inspiration for Miskatonic University. A student named Lucy accidentally summons an entity referred to as the Hydra-Stat, which appears as a large octopus and devours people engaged in displays of hubris or ego. |
| Lovecraft Country | Lovecraft Country is a 2020 limited-run series produced by HBO. Based on the novel of the same name, it is set in the 1950s. It tells the story of several characters who take a road trip and end up confronting Lovecraftian monsters, along with the racism of the Jim Crow era. [132] |
| Musaigen no Phantom World | In episode 8 of the series, Haruhiko summons Cthulhu using a spell called Abramelin's Finger in order to defeat an evil primate. |
| Overlord | In the episode "Massacre", Ainz Ooal Gown utilizes "Super Tier Magic" to sacrifice 70,000 opposing army troops in a spell called "Iä! Shub-Niggurath!". The bodies are sacrificed and used as tribute to summon massive goat monsters called "The Dark Young" (whose appearance is identical to "The Dark Young" of the Shub-Niggurath mythos). |
| The Real Ghostbusters | The episode "The Collect Call of Cathulhu" references the Necronomicon and an attempt to revive the so-called "Cathulhu", described as one of the "Great Old Ones". Lovecraft is also mentioned by name. [133] The Old Ones were again mentioned in the episode "Russian About". |
| Rick and Morty | The show's opening title sequence features a huge Cthulhu-like creature chasing the titular characters, who appear to have stolen its baby. |
| Rod Serling's Night Gallery | The season 2 episodes "Pickman's Model" [134] [135] and "Cool Air" [134] [136] are based on the original 1926 Lovecraft short stories of the same name, while "Professor Peabody's Last Lecture" heavily references the Mythos. [134] |
| Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated | The episodes "The Shrieking Madness" and "Pawn of Shadows" guest-star Professor H. P. Hatecraft, author of otherworldly horror stories, whose name is a play on Lovecraft's. Mythos symbolism abounds, and Hatecraft's character Char Gar Gothakon closely resembles Cthulhu. [137] In the series finale, the gang is invited to attend Miskatonic University. |
| South Park | Features Cthulhu as a character in the 2010 season 14 3-episode saga "Coon 2: Hindsight", "Mysterion Rises", and "Coon vs. Coon and Friends", along with the sunken city of R'lyeh, with many mentions of the Cthulhu Mythos, the Goth kids at South Park being revealed to be members of the Cult of Cthulhu and the reason for Kenny McCormick's constant death and resurrection being a ritual Kenny's parents did when Kenny's mom was first pregnant with Kenny and they joined the Cult of Cthulhu. [138] |
| Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! | The cosmic-scale antagonists of the show are inspired by the Lovecraftian mythos, with a Cthulhu Expy that's revealed to be the eye of Skeleton King (the main villain of the show) whose plan is to release the "Dark Ones", the show's equivalent of the Great Old Ones to cause a universal apocalypse as their emissary makes him the setting's equivalent of Nyarlathotep. The title of season 2's episode "Shadow Over Shuggazoom" directly homages Shadow Over Innsmouth . |
| Supernatural | In season 6, episode 21 "Let it Bleed", Lovecraft and six others performed a ritual to pierce the veil between worlds, opening a door into Purgatory on March 10, 1937. A creature of Purgatory came through and killed Lovecraft a few days later on March 15. [139] In season 7, it would become clear that the 'Old Ones' of the Cthulhu Mythos are Leviathans, which were the first beings created by God before being locked into Purgatory so that they would not be a threat to later creations. |
| Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles | In the Season 3 episode "The Darkness Within", the Turtles confront a Cthulhu-like alien monster underneath Manhattan. |
| True Detective | Hastur is vaguely mentioned as the "Yellow King" and Carcosa is also featured. |
| Ultraman Tiga | Ultraman Tiga and other Giants of Light were once the protectors of an "Ultra Ancient Civilization" of humans that inhabited the City of Ry'leh before Ghatanothoa emerged and destroyed it. Ghatanothoa serves as the final enemy of the series, with a Lloigor inspired kaiju named Zoiger serving as a sign of their reawakening. |
Call of Cthulhu is a horror fiction role-playing game based on H. P. Lovecraft's story of the same name and the associated Cthulhu Mythos. The game, often abbreviated as CoC, is published by Chaosium; it was first released in 1981 and is in its seventh edition, with licensed foreign language editions available as well. Its game system is based on Chaosium's Basic Role-Playing (BRP) with additions for the horror genre. These include special rules for sanity and luck.
Cthulhu is a cosmic entity created by writer H. P. Lovecraft. It was introduced in his short story "The Call of Cthulhu", published by the American pulp magazine Weird Tales in 1928. Considered a Great Old One within the pantheon of Lovecraftian cosmic entities, this creature has since been featured in numerous popular culture references. Lovecraft depicts it as a gigantic entity worshipped by cultists, in the shape of a green octopus, dragon, and a caricature of human form. The Lovecraft-inspired universe, the Cthulhu Mythos, where it exists with its fellow entities, is named after it.
Arkham is a fictional city situated in Massachusetts. An integral part of the Lovecraft Country setting created by H. P. Lovecraft, Arkham is featured in many of his stories and those of other Cthulhu Mythos writers.
Hastur is an entity of the Cthulhu Mythos.
At the Mountains of Madness is a science fiction-horror novella by American author H. P. Lovecraft, written in February/March 1931. Rejected that year by Weird Tales editor Farnsworth Wright on the grounds of its length, it was originally serialized in the February, March, and April 1936 issues of Astounding Stories. It has been reproduced in numerous collections.
The Shadow over Innsmouth is a horror novella by American author H. P. Lovecraft, written in November–December 1931. It forms part of the Cthulhu Mythos, using its motif of a malign undersea civilization, and references several shared elements of the Mythos, including place-names, mythical creatures, and invocations. The Shadow over Innsmouth is the only Lovecraft story that was published in book form during his lifetime.
Lovecraft Country is a term coined for the New England setting used by H. P. Lovecraft in many of his weird fiction stories, which combines real and fictitious locations. This setting has been elaborated on by other writers working in the Cthulhu Mythos. The phrase was not in use during Lovecraft's own lifetime; it was coined by Keith Herber for the Lovecraftian role-playing game Call of Cthulhu.
Lovecraftian horror, also called "cosmic horror" or "eldritch horror", is a subgenre of horror fiction and weird fiction that emphasizes the horror of the unknowable and incomprehensible more than gore or other elements of shock. It is named after American author H. P. Lovecraft (1890–1937). His work emphasizes themes of cosmic dread, forbidden and dangerous knowledge, madness, non-human influences on humanity, religion and superstition, fate and inevitability, and the risks associated with scientific discoveries, which are now associated with Lovecraftian horror as a subgenre. The cosmic themes of Lovecraftian horror can also be found in other media, notably horror films, horror games, and comics.
Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth is a survival horror video game developed by British studio Headfirst Productions for the Xbox in 2005 and for Microsoft Windows in 2006. It combines an action-adventure game with a relatively realistic first-person shooter and elements of a stealth game.
"Dagon" is a short story by American author H. P. Lovecraft. It was written in July 1917 and is one of the first stories that Lovecraft wrote as an adult. It was first published in the November 1919 edition of The Vagrant. Dagon was later published in Weird Tales in October 1923. It is considered by many to be one of Lovecraft's most forward-looking stories.
A Cthulhu Mythos anthology is a type of short story collection that contains stories written in, or related to, the Cthulhu Mythos genre of horror fiction launched by H. P. Lovecraft. Such anthologies have helped to define and popularize the genre.
Wilum Hopfrog Pugmire, was a writer of weird fiction and horror fiction based in Seattle, Washington. His works typically were published as W. H. Pugmire and his fiction often paid homage to the lore of Lovecraftian horror. Lovecraft scholar and biographer S. T. Joshi described Pugmire as "the prose-poet of the horror/fantasy field; he may be the best prose-poet we have" and as one of the genre's leading Lovecraftian authors.
The H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society or HPLHS is the organization that hosts Cthulhu Lives!, a group of live-action roleplayers for the Cthulhu Live version of Call of Cthulhu. Founded in Colorado in 1984, it is now based in Glendale, California. Their motto is Ludo Fore Putavimus.
Nyaruko: Crawling with Love, also known as Nyaruko-san: Another Crawling Chaos, is a Japanese light novel series written by Manta Aisora and illustrated by Koin. It was inspired by H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos. The series' twelve volumes were published by Soft Bank Creative under their GA Bunko imprint between April 2009 and March 2014.
Move Under Ground is a horror novel mashup by American writer Nick Mamatas, which combines the Beat style of Jack Kerouac with the cosmic horror of H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos. It is available as a free download via a Creative Commons license, CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 according to the License information in the CC version of the book.
Call of Cthulhu: The Wasted Land is a Lovecraftian horror tactical role-playing game developed by British studio Red Wasp Design in conjunction with Chaosium. The game was released in 2012, for iOS in January, for PC in May, and for Android in June.
Awaiting Strange Gods: Weird and Lovecraftian Fictions is a collection of dark fantasy and horror short stories by American writer Darrell Schweitzer. It was first published in hardcover and trade paperback by Fedogan & Bremer in September 2015.
The NecronomiCon Providence, also known as the NecronomiCon Providence: The International Conference and Festival of Weird Fiction, Art, and Academia, is a biennial convention and academic conference held in Providence, Rhode Island. It explores the life and works of H. P. Lovecraft and other creators of weird fiction, film, and art of the past and the present. Originally billed as "the largest celebration ever of [Lovecraft's] work and influence", it has broadened its scope to examining and celebrating weird creative efforts internationally. The event is typically held on the weekend closest to Lovecraft's birthday of August 20th.
Ruthanna Emrys is an American science fiction and fantasy writer best known for The Innsmouth Legacy series: The Litany of Earth, Winter Tide, and Deep Roots.
The Lovecraft fandom, Lovecraftian fandom or Cthulhu Mythos fandom is an international, informal community of fans of the works H. P. Lovecraft, especially of the Cthulhu Mythos and the Lovecraftian horror.
One of the cupcakes you can get from the cupcake salesperson in the Hallway is the Cthulhu flavored cupcake, a reference to Cthulhu, one of the great old ones from the Cthulhu Mythos created by early 20th century writer H. P. Lovecraft.
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