Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth. Nucleotides are obtained in the diet and are also synthesized from common nutrients by the liver.
A cyclic nucleotide (cNMP) is a single-phosphate nucleotide with a cyclic bond arrangement between the sugar and phosphate groups. Like other nucleotides, cyclic nucleotides are composed of three functional groups: a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a single phosphate group. As can be seen in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) images, the 'cyclic' portion consists of two bonds between the phosphate group and the 3' and 5' hydroxyl groups of the sugar, very often a ribose.
A salvage pathway is a pathway in which a biological product is produced from intermediates in the degradative pathway of its own or a similar substance. The term often refers to nucleotide salvage in particular, in which nucleotides are synthesized from intermediates in their degradative pathway.
Adenylate kinase is a phosphotransferase enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of the various adenosine phosphates. By constantly monitoring phosphate nucleotide levels inside the cell, ADK plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis.
Deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), also known as deoxyuridylic acid or deoxyuridylate in its conjugate acid and conjugate base forms, respectively, is a deoxynucleotide.
In enzymology, a deoxycytidylate 5-hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a 4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a (deoxy)adenylate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a (deoxy)nucleoside-phosphate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a guanylate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a nucleoside-phosphate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a nucleoside-triphosphate-adenylate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a pseudouridine kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a thiamine kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a thiamine-phosphate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an UMP kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an uridine kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (UCK2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UCK2 gene.
UMP-CMP kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CMPK1 gene.
(d)CMP kinase is an enzyme with systematic name ATP:(d)CMP phosphotransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
