Enfield Lock

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Enfield Lock
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Enfield Lock
Location within Greater London
Population16,469 (2011 Census. Ward) [1]
OS grid reference TQ365985
London borough
Ceremonial county Greater London
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town ENFIELD
Postcode district EN3
Dialling code 01992 / 020
Police Metropolitan
Fire London
Ambulance London
UK Parliament
London Assembly
List of places
UK
England
London
51°40′07″N0°01′34″W / 51.6686°N 0.026°W / 51.6686; -0.026 Coordinates: 51°40′07″N0°01′34″W / 51.6686°N 0.026°W / 51.6686; -0.026

Enfield Lock is an area in the London Borough of Enfield, north London. It is approximately located east of the Hertford Road between Turkey Street and the Holmesdale Tunnel overpass, and extends to the River Lee Navigation, including the Enfield Island Village. [2] The locality gains its name from the lock on the River Lee Navigation. Today's Enfield Lock was rebuilt in 1922. [3] The area forms part of the Lee Valley Park and the Enfield Lock Conservation Area. [4] On its eastern boundary Enfield Lock has marshland formerly used as a testing site between the Royal Small Arms Factory and the Gunpowder Mills, beyond this is the village of Sewardstone and the Epping forest boundary. To the south is Brimsdown, the north Waltham Cross and to the west Bullsmoor and Freezywater. Enfield Lock forms part of the London boundary.

Contents

Etymology

Enfield Lock is recorded thus in 1710, earlier as Norhtlok (1355), The Locke (1657), i.e. 'the (northern) lock or river barrier (near Enfield)', from Middle English lok. [5]

History

Government Row former Royal Small Arms Factory RSAF workers' cottages (August 1997) Government Row.JPG
Government Row former Royal Small Arms Factory RSAF workers' cottages (August 1997)
Royal Small Arms Factory Royal Small Arms Factory.jpg
Royal Small Arms Factory

The area was first developed from about 1812 when a government-owned rifle factory, which was later known as the Royal Small Arms Factory (RSAF), Enfield, was built. The factory was built towards the end of the Napoleonic War on the instructions of the Board of Ordnance on marshland at Enfield Lock on the banks of both the River Lea and the River Lee Navigation. The RSAF was closed in the late 1980s, shortly after privatisation, and the majority of the former site has now been redeveloped into a large housing development: Enfield Island Village.

The original machine shop frontage and the older part of the rear structure has been retained and was converted into workshops and retail units by the Enfield Enterprise Agency. Until the construction of the M25 in the 1980s, the Enfield island Village which began to house many families from local councils such as Harringey and Hackney, and the later building of the A1055, the area was much like a village with only a small population and consisting of only a few roads in the locality. Roads such as Ordnance Road, Salisbury Road and Medcalf Road are still populated by families who have lived in the Enfield Lock area for several generations.

2011 riots

After rioting had spread from neighbouring Tottenham on 8 August 2011, the Sony DADC/PIAS distribution centre on the Innova Business Park was looted and destroyed by fire. [6] The Home Secretary, Theresa May, was shown the destroyed distribution centre by chief police officers and firefighters on 12 August 2011. [7] In September 2012, the Prime Minister, David Cameron, opened the rebuilt warehouse. [8]

River Lee Navigation above Enfield Lock. The River Lea proper can be seen in the background Enfield Lock River Lea.JPG
River Lee Navigation above Enfield Lock. The River Lea proper can be seen in the background

Demography

The Enfield Lock ward, which also covers Enfield Island Village, is 54% white (38% British, 15% Other, 1% Irish) as of the 2011 census. 23% of the population is black (15% African, 8% Caribbean, 4% Other). [9]

Locale

Nearest places

Transport

Rail

Enfield Lock and Turkey Street are in London Travelcard Zone 6. Brimsdown is in Travelcard Zone 5. Oyster Cards are valid at all three stations for travel southbound, and northbound as far as Broxbourne, or on some services, Hertford East. Enfield Lock is not on the London Underground network. [10]

Road

The A1010 (Hertford Road) passes north–south to the west of Enfield Lock, linking the area to Edmonton and Tottenham to the south, and Waltham Cross, Waltham Abbey and Cheshunt to the north. The A1055 (Mollison Avenue) links Enfield Lock to the A10 (Great Cambridge Road) towards Hertford. Southbound, the road passes through Brimsdown, Ponder's End and Tottenham Hale.

The M25 London Orbital Motorway forms the northern border of Enfield Lock. From Enfield Lock, the road can be accessed via the A10 at junction 25, to the north of Bulls Cross. The M25 carries traffic around London, giving Enfield Lock a direct link to Heathrow Airport, the M11 (for Stansted Airport) and the M1 (for Luton Airport), along with several other arterial routes across both East Anglia and South East England. The M25 passes through the Holmesdale Tunnel, just to the north of Enfield Lock.

Canal

The River Lee Navigation passes north–south through Enfield Lock. The lock after which the area is named is numbered "13" along the River Lee.

The navigable river links boats northbound to Hertford and the River Stort. The River Stort is navigable for canal traffic to Harlow and Bishop's Stortford.

Southbound, the River Lee passes through Ponders End, Tottenham Hale and Stratford in the East End. From Stratford, the Hertford Union Canal carries canal traffic westbound towards the Regent's Canal, which eventually leads to Camden Lock and Paddington. [11]

Cycling

Cycling infrastructure in Enfield Lock is primarily maintained by the London Borough of Enfield. Enfield Lock is well connected to National and International cycle networks:

Schools

Recreation

Section 18 of the London LOOP, a long distance footpath, can be accessed at Enfield Lock railway station. The path connects with the Lea Valley Walk above Enfield Lock at Ordnance Road.

Angling is allowed on the River Lee Navigation upstream and downstream of Enfield Lock. Information from the River Lea Anglers Club. [16]

National Cycle Route 1 follows the River Lea towpath to Gunpowder Park.

Gunpowder Park, which lies to the east of Enfield Lock, is a large open space consisting mostly of marshland and lakes. The land is owned and managed by the Lee Valley Regional Park and is open to the public. [17]

Related Research Articles

Enfield, London Suburb of London

Enfield is a large town and former parish in north London, England, located in the ceremonial county of Greater London and the ancient county of Middlesex. It is centred 10.1 miles (16.3 km) north-northeast of Charing Cross, and had a population of 156,858 in 2018. It includes the areas of Botany Bay, Brimsdown, Bulls Cross, Bullsmoor, Bush Hill Park, Clay Hill, Crews Hill, Enfield Highway, Enfield Lock, Enfield Town, Enfield Wash, Forty Hill, Freezywater, Gordon Hill, Grange Park, Hadley Wood, Ponders End, and World's End.

River Lea River in the south east of England

The River Lea is in South East England. It originates in Bedfordshire, in the Chiltern Hills, and flows southeast through Hertfordshire, along the Essex border and into Greater London, to meet the River Thames at Bow Creek. It is one of the largest rivers in London and the easternmost major tributary of the Thames.

Hertford Union Canal Canal in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets

The Hertford Union Canal or Duckett's Cut, just over 1 mile (1.6 km) long, connects the Regent's Canal to the Lee Navigation in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in East London. It was opened in 1830 but quickly proved to be a commercial failure. It was acquired by the Regents Canal Company in 1857, and became part of the Grand Union Canal in 1927.

Lee Navigation Canalised river in Hertfordshire and London, England

The Lee Navigation is a canalised river incorporating the River Lea. It flows from Hertford Castle Weir to the River Thames at Bow Creek; its first lock is Hertford Lock and its last Bow Locks.

A10 road (England) Road in England

The A10 is a major road in England.

Geography of London Overview of the geography of London

London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom. It is located in the southeast of Great Britain. The London region covers an area of 1,579 square kilometres (610 sq mi), and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre. A larger area, referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8,382 square kilometres (3,236 sq mi), and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre.

Lee Valley Park Linear park along the Lee Valley

Lee Valley Regional Park is a 10,000-acre (40 km2) 26 miles (42 km) long linear park, much of it green spaces, running through the northeast of Greater London, Essex and Hertfordshire from the River Thames to Ware, through areas such as Stratford, Clapton, Tottenham, Enfield, Walthamstow, Cheshunt, Broxbourne and Hoddesdon in an area generally known as the Lea Valley. Greater London's largest park, Lee Valley Park is more than four times the size of Richmond Park, extending beyond Greater London's borders into the neighbouring counties of Hertfordshire and Essex.

Ponders End railway station National Rail station in London, England

Ponders End railway station is on the West Anglia Main Line, serving the district of Ponders End in the London Borough of Enfield, north London. It is 9 miles 71 chains (15.9 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is located between Meridian Water and Brimsdown. Its three-letter station code is PON and it is in Travelcard zone 5.

Brimsdown railway station National Rail station in London, England

Brimsdown railway station is on the Lea Valley line that forms part of the West Anglia Main Line, serving the neighbourhood of Brimsdown in the London Borough of Enfield, north London. It is 10 miles 61 chains (17.3 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Ponders End and Enfield Lock. Its three-letter station code is BMD and it is in Travelcard zone 5.

Broxbourne railway station Network Rail station in Hertfordshire, England

Broxbourne railway station is on the West Anglia Main Line serving the towns of Broxbourne and Hoddesdon in Hertfordshire, England. It is 17 miles 17 chains (27.7 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Cheshunt and Roydon. Its three-letter station code is BXB and it is in fare zone B.

Waltham Cross railway station Network Rail station in Essex, England

Waltham Cross railway station is on the West Anglia Main Line, serving the suburban town of Waltham Cross in Hertfordshire, and the neighbouring Waltham Abbey in Essex, England. It is 12 miles 63 chains (20.6 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Enfield Lock and Cheshunt. Its three-letter station code is WLC and it is in Travelcard zone 7.

Brimsdown Human settlement in England

Brimsdown is a neighbourhood of eastern Enfield in the London Borough of Enfield, north London, on the west side of the mid-to-lower Lea Valley.

Ponders End Human settlement in England

Ponders End is the southeasternmost part of Enfield, north London, centred on the Hertford Road. Situated to the west of the River Lee Navigation, it became industrialised through the 19th century, similar to the Lea Valley in neighbouring Edmonton and Brimsdown, with manufacturing giving way to warehousing in the late-20th century. The area consists heavily of social housing, with streets also lined with 19th and early-20th century suburban terraced housing.

The Lea Valley, the valley of the River Lea, has been used as a transport corridor, a source of sand and gravel, an industrial area, a water supply for London, and a recreational area. The London 2012 Summer Olympics were based in Stratford, in the Lower Lea Valley. It is important for London's water supply, as the source of the water transported by the New River aqueduct, but also as the location for the Lee Valley Reservoir Chain, stretching from Enfield through Tottenham and Walthamstow.

National Cycle Route 1 Route of the National Cycle Network in the UK

National Cycle Route 1 is a route of the National Cycle Network, running from Dover to Tain. The 1,022 km-long (635-mile) cycle-path is located in the United Kingdom.

Lea Valley Walk Long-distance footpath in South East England

The Lea Valley Walk is a 50-mile (80 km) long-distance path located between Leagrave, the source of the River Lea near Luton, and the Thames, at Limehouse Basin, Limehouse, east London. From its source much of the walk is rural. At Hertford the path follows the towpath of the River Lee Navigation, and it becomes increasingly urbanised as it approaches London. The walk was opened in 1993 and is waymarked throughout using a swan logo.

Lee Flood Relief Channel

The Lee Flood Relief Channel (FRC) is located in the Lea Valley and flows between Ware, Hertfordshire, and Stratford, east London. Work started on the channel in 1947 following major flooding and it was fully operational by 1976. The channel incorporates existing watercourses, lakes, and new channels. Water from the channel feeds the Lee Valley Reservoir Chain.

Rammey Marsh Lock

Rammey Marsh Lock is a lock on the River Lee Navigation at Enfield, London, England. The area adjacent to the lock is known as Rammey Marsh and close to the River Lee Flood Relief Channel.

Waltham Common Lock

Waltham Common Lock is a lock on the River Lee Navigation at Waltham Cross in Hertfordshire, England. The lock is located in the River Lee Country Park and stands close to the Broxbourne White Water Canoe Centre. At the tail of the lock is the Powdermill Cut dug in 1806 to connect the Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills directly to the then-new navigation.

Tottenham Human settlement in England

Tottenham is a town in north London, England, within the London Borough of Haringey. It is located in the ceremonial county of Greater London and the historic county of Middlesex. Tottenham is centred 6 miles (10 km) north-northeast of Charing Cross, bordering Edmonton to the north, Walthamstow, across the River Lea, to the east, and Stamford Hill to the south, with Wood Green and Harringay to the west.

References

  1. "Enfield Ward population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  2. http://www.enfield.gov.uk/362/Enfield%20Lock.pdf%5B%5D Local Government Boundaries map
  3. Enfield Lock - a history Retrieved 26 August 2010
  4. Enfield Lock Conservation Area Archived 9 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 20 November 2013
  5. Mills. A. D. Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names (2001) p76 ISBN   0-19-860957-4 Retrieved 21 October 2008
  6. News report
  7. News report Retrieved 14 August 2011
  8. Sony Innova Way Retrieved 25 September 2012
  9. "Enfield Lock - UK Census Data 2011".
  10. "London's Rail and Tube services" (PDF). Transport for London . Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2019.
  11. "Canal Map UK". Canal & River Trust . Archived from the original on 6 April 2019.
  12. "Route 1". Sustrans . Archived from the original on 14 April 2019.
  13. "Route 12". Sustrans . Archived from the original on 23 April 2019.
  14. "Cycling". Canal & River Trust . Archived from the original on 7 April 2019.
  15. "EuroVelo 2". EuroVelo .
  16. River Lea Anglers Club Retrieved 2 December 2014
  17. Lee Valley Park-Gunpowder Park Retrieved 3 August 2015