Forest robin

Last updated

Forest robin
Forest robin (Stiphrornis erythrothorax) Ankasa.jpg
Ankasa Forest Reserve, Ghana
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Muscicapidae
Genus: Stiphrornis
Hartlaub, 1855
Species:
S. erythrothorax
Binomial name
Stiphrornis erythrothorax
Hartlaub, 1855

The forest robin or orange-breasted forest robin (Stiphrornis erythrothorax) is a species of bird mainly found throughout the African tropical rainforest. It is monotypic in the genus Stiphrornis. It has been placed in the family Turdidae, but is now generally placed in Muscicapidae in the group popularly known as chats. Most taxonomists consider it a single species, but some reviews have recommended recognizing 5 species. It has a total length of around 12 cm (4+34 in), has dark upperparts, and a throat and chest that, depending on the subspecies, is yellow-orange or deep orange. [2]

Contents

Description

It has a total length of around 12 cm (4+34 in), has dark upperparts, and a throat and chest that, depending on the exact subspecies, is yellow-orange or deep orange. [2]

Taxonomy

The initial split into multiple species within this genus is based on a review from 1999 where it, based on the phylogenetic species concept, was argued that all then recognized taxa should be considered monotypic species. [3] Of these, S. gabonensis and S. xanthogaster were formerly considered subspecies of S. erythrothorax, whereas S. sanghensis was described as an entirely new species. [3] The split was not followed in Handbook of the Birds of the World, where it was described as "perhaps premature". [2] Comparably, the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group (and consequently IUCN) recommended not following the split, as differences in plumages are relatively small, genetic sampling considered incomplete, and evidence for intergradation or parapatry is lacking. [1] Another species from this complex, S. pyrrholaemus, was described as a new species in 2008. Based on mtDNA, it is placed within S. erythrothorax sensu lato , and consequently is only a species (rather than a subspecies of S. erythrothorax) if at least some of the taxonomy recommended in 1999 is followed. [4] The genetic divergence between S. pyrrholaemus and other members of the genus is comparable to that between some other closely related species. [4]

Three additional taxa in the forest robin complex were described (as species) in 2016: Stiphrornis (erythrothorax) dahomeyensis (Dahomey forest robin), S. (e.) inexpectatus (Ghana forest robin), and S. (e.) rudderi (Rudder's forest robin). These three taxa are nested within S. erythrothorax sensu lato; however, using the phylogenetic species concept, the study recommended the treatment of all eight forest robin taxa as distinct species. [5]

Clements recognizes three species. the olive-backed forest robin, Stiphrornis pyrrholaemus, the orange-breasted forest robin, Stiphrornis erythrothorax, and the yellow-breasted forest robin, Stiphrornis mabirae.

Subspecies

The currently-recognized taxa in the forest robin complex are: [6]

The relationships among the taxa are as follows: [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Japanese robin</span> Species of bird

The Japanese robin is a small passerine bird in the family Muscicapidae. This species was formerly named Erithacus akahige, or Komadori. Its range extends from the south of the Kuril and Sakhalin Islands throughout Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red-flanked bluetail</span> Species of bird

The red-flanked bluetail, also known as the orange-flanked bush-robin, is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher, Muscicapidae. It, and related species, are often called chats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Old World flycatcher</span> Family of birds

The Old World flycatchers are a large family, the Muscicapidae, of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World, with the exception of several vagrants and two species, bluethroat and northern wheatear, found also in North America. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. The family is relatively large and includes 351 species, which are divided into 54 genera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chestnut-backed antbird</span> Species of bird

The chestnut-backed antbird is a passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.

The Sangha forest robin is a subspecies of the forest robin that is endemic to south-western Central African Republic, but may also occur in adjacent parts of DR Congo, Cameroon and Republic of the Congo. It was only discovered in 1996, and scientifically described in 1999. When recognized as a species by IUCN, it was considered data deficient, but following recommendations by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group, IUCN now consider it a subspecies of the forest robin. It has been described as common. Clements includes this subspecies in the yellow-breasted forest robinspecies group, Stiphrornis mabirae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nilgiri blue robin</span> Species of bird

The Nilgiri blue robin, also known as Nilgiri shortwing, white-bellied shortwing, Nilgiri sholakili or rufous-bellied shortwing is a species of passerine bird in the family Muscicapidae endemic to the Shola forests of the higher hills of southern India, mainly north of the Palghat Gap. This small bird is found on the forest floor and undergrowth of dense forest patches sheltered in the valleys of montane grassland, a restricted and threatened habitat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red-capped robin-chat</span> Species of bird

The red-capped robin-chat or Natal robin is a species of passerine bird belonging to the family Muscicapidae. This species is found in Southern and Eastern Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Azure-crested flycatcher</span> Species of bird

The azure-crested flycatcher or the blue-crested flycatcher, is a species of bird in the monarch flycatcher family Monarchidae. It is endemic to Fiji, where it is found on Taveuni.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leaden flycatcher</span> Species of bird

The leaden flycatcher is a species of passerine bird in the family Monarchidae. Around 15 cm (6 in) in length, the male is lustrous azure with white underparts, while the female possesses leaden head, mantle and back and rufous throat and breast. It is found in eastern and northern Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical mangrove forests in the northern parts of its range, in the south and inland it is eucalypt woodland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rufous-bellied niltava</span> Species of bird

The rufous-bellied niltava is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Güldenstädt's redstart</span> Species of bird

Güldenstädt's redstart also sometimes called the white-winged redstart, is a species of bird in the genus Phoenicurus, family Muscicapidae. It is found in the high mountains of the southwestern and central Palearctic in the Caucasus, Karakoram, Pamir, Himalaya, Tian Shan, and Altai, in the countries of Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swynnerton's robin</span> Species of bird

Swynnerton's robin is a species of passerine bird belonging to the family Muscicapidae. It is monotypic within the genus Swynnertonia. The common and Latin names commemorate the entomologist Charles Swynnerton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orange-breasted trogon</span> Species of bird

The orange-breasted trogon is a species of bird in the family Trogonidae. It is a colorful, sedentary species that inhabits the lower canopy of the lowlands and forest of southern China, southeast Asia, Borneo, Sumatra and Java.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orange-bellied trogon</span> Subspecies of bird

The orange-bellied trogon is a subspecies of the collared trogon in the family Trogonidae. It is now usually considered as a morph of the collared trogon, but was previously sometimes treated as a separate species. It is found in the Talamancan montane forests of Costa Rica and Panama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-bellied blue robin</span> Species of bird

The white-bellied blue robin or white-bellied sholakili, is a bird of the family Muscicapidae. It is endemic to the Shola forests of the higher hills of southern India. The Nilgiri blue robin and this species were once considered separate species, later lumped as sub-species of a single species (major) and elevated again to full species in 2005 by Pamela C. Rasmussen. The species was earlier thought to be related to the shortwings and placed in the genus Brachypteryx and later moved to Myiomela since species in the genus Brachypteryx shows marked sexual dimorphism. In 2017, a study found that this is a sister group of the flycatchers in the genera Niltava, Cyornis and Eumyias among others. It was then placed in newly erected genus Sholicola. This small bird is found on the forest floor and undergrowth of dense forest patches sheltered in the valleys of montane grassland, a restricted and threatened habitat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Olive-backed forest robin</span> Subspecies of bird

The olive-backed forest robin is a subspecies of the forest robin found in the Gamba Complex in southwest Gabon. It was described in 2008. The olive-backed forest robin can be separated from other subspecies of the forest robin by the combination of its olive upperparts, bright orange throat and chest, and cream-yellow belly. Its song is also distinct from other subspecies of the forest robin. Females are generally duller than males. It has not been evaluated by IUCN, but has been described as locally common.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western forest robin</span> Subspecies of bird

The western forest robin is a subspecies of the forest robin found at low levels in West African forests from Sierra Leone to Nigeria. It has been placed in the family Turdidae, but is now generally placed in Muscicapidae. It commonly includes the other members in the genus Stiphrornis as subspecies, in which case the common name for the "combined species" simply is forest robin. The western forest robin can be separate from the other members of the genus by the combination of its deep orange throat and breast, white belly, and olive upperparts. It also appears to differ vocally from the other members in the genus, but a comprehensive study on this is lacking. When considered conspecific with the other members from its genus, S. erythrothorax is considered to be of least concern by IUCN. While not rated following the split into several species, it has been described as frequent to locally abundant, and is therefore unlikely to qualify for a threatened category.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gabon forest robin</span> Subspecies of bird

The Gabon forest robin is a subspecies of the forest robin found at low levels of forests in Cameroon, Gabon and Bioko. In 1999 it was recommended that it should be treated as a separate species instead of a subspecies. IUCN and some other authorities do not recognize the split, and consequently it has not been rated as species separate from the forest robin. However, it has been described as frequent to locally abundant, and is therefore unlikely to qualify for a threatened category.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern forest robin</span> Subspecies of bird

The eastern forest robin is a subspecies of the forest robin found at low levels in forests from Cameroon and Gabon to DR Congo and Uganda. In 1999 it was recommended that it should be treated as a separate species instead of a subspecies. IUCN and some other authorities do not recognize the split, and consequently it has not been rated as species separate from S. erythrothorax. However, it has been described as frequent to locally abundant, and is therefore unlikely to qualify for a threatened category.

References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2018). "Stiphrornis erythrothorax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T103763077A132191967. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T103763077A132191967.en . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 Collar, N. (2005). Forest Robin (Stiphrornis erythrothorax). Pp. 730-731 in: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Christie, D. eds. (2005). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 10. Cuckoo-shrikes to Thrushes. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN   84-87334-72-5
  3. 1 2 Beresford, P.; Cracraft, J. (1999). "Speciation in African forest robins (Stiphrornis): species limits, phylogenetic relationships, and molecular biogeography" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3270): 1–22.
  4. 1 2 Schmidt, B.; Foster, J.; Angehr, G.; Durrant, K.; Fleischer, R. (2008). "A new species of African Forest Robin from Gabon (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae: Stiphrornis)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1850: 27–42. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.1850.1.2 .
  5. 1 2 Voelker, G.; Tobler, M.; Prestridge, H. L.; Duijm, E.; Groenenberg, D.; Hutchinson, M. R.; Martin, A. D.; Nieman, A.; Roselaar, C. S.; Huntley, J. W. (2016). "Three new species of Stiphrornis (Aves: Muscicapidae) from the Afro-tropics, with a molecular phylogenetic assessment of the genus". Systematics and Biodiversity. 15 (2): 87–104. doi:10.1080/14772000.2016.1226978. S2CID   89146340.
  6. Gill, F & D Donsker (Eds). 2017. IOC World Bird List (v 7.1). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.7.1.