Parus

This article is about a bird. For the Ukrainian skyscraper, see Parus Business Centre. For the satellites, see Parus (satellite).

Parus
Great tit Parus major
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Paridae
Genus:	Parus Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Parus major (great tit) Linnaeus, 1758
Species
See text
Distribution of the species in the genus Parus. Parus bokharensis is now treated as a subspecies of P. major

Parus is a genus of Old World birds in the tit family Paridae. It was formerly a large genus containing most of the 50 odd species in the family Paridae. The genus was split into several resurrected genera following the publication of a detailed molecular phylogenetic analysis in 2013. ^{[1] [2]} The genus name, Parus, is the Latin word for "tit".

Taxonomy

The genus Parus was introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae . ^[3] The genus name is Latin for "tit". ^[4] Of the 12 species included in the genus by Linnaeus, the type species was designated as the great tit (Parus major) by George Robert Gray in 1840. ^{[5] [6]}

Species

The genus now contains the following three species: ^[2]

Genus Parus – Linnaeus, 1758 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Great tit	Parus major Linnaeus, 1758 Fifteen subspecies P. m. newtoni Pražák 1894. P. m. major Linnaeus 1758. P. m. excelsusBuvry 1857. P. m. corsus Kleinschmidt 1903. P. m. mallorcae von Jordans 1913. P. m. niethammerivon Jordans 1970. P. m. aphrodite Madarász 1901. P. m. terrasanctae Hartert 1910. P. m. karelini Zarudny 1910 P. m. blandfordiPražák 1894 P. m. bokharensis Lichtenstein 1823 P. m. turkestanicusZarudny & Loudon 1905 P. m. ferghanensis Buturlin 1912 P. m. kapustini Portenko 1954	Europe	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Cinereous tit	Parus cinereus (, ) Nineteen subspecies P. c. decolorans Koelz, 1939 P. c. ziaratensis Whistler, 1929 P. c. caschmirensis Hartert, EJO, 1905 P. c. planorumHartert, EJO, 1905 P. c. vauriei Ripley, 1950 P. c. stupaeKoelz, 1939 P. c. mahrattarumHartert, EJO, 1905 P. c. templorum Meyer de Schauensee, 1946 P. c. hainanusHartert, EJO, 1905 P. c. ambiguus(Raffles, 1822) P. c. sarawacensis Slater, HH, 1885 P. c. cinereus Vieillot, 1818 P. c. minor Temminck & Schlegel, 1848 P. c. dageletensisKuroda & Nm & Mori, 1920 ) P. c. amamiensis Kleinschmidt, 1922 P. c. nigriloris Hellmayr, 1900 P. c. tibetanusHartert, EJO, 1905 P. c. commixtus Swinhoe, 1868 P. c. nubicolusMeyer de Schauensee, 1946	West Asia across South Asia and into Southeast Asia.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Green-backed tit	Parus monticolus Vigors, 1831	Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Burma, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan and Vietnam.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC

Fossil record

• Parus robustus (Pliocene of Csarnota, Hungary) ^[7]
• Parus parvulus (Pliocene of Csarnota, Hungary) ^[7]
• Parus medius (Pliocene of Beremend, Hungary) ^[7]

References

1. Johansson, U.S.; Ekman, J.; Bowie, R.C.K.; Halvarsson, P.; Ohlson, J.I.; Price, T.D.; Ericson, P.G.P. (2013). "A complete multilocus species phylogeny of the tits and chickadees (Aves: Paridae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 852–860. Bibcode:2013MolPE..69..852J. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.019. PMID   23831453.
2. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Waxwings and their allies, tits & penduline tits". World Bird List Version 6.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
3. Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 189.
4. Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p.  293. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
5. Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 23.
6. Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 12. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 70.
7. Kessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.

Further reading

• Gill, Frank B.; Slikas, Beth & Sheldon, Frederick H. (2005): Phylogeny of titmice (Paridae): II. Species relationships based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. Auk 122: 121–143. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0121:POTPIS]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract