Poecile

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Poecile
Poecile montanus kleinschmidti 2.jpg
Willow tit, Poecile montanus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Paridae
Genus: Poecile
Kaup, 1829
Type species
Parus palustris
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

see text

Poecile is a genus of birds in the tit family Paridae. It contains 15 species, which are scattered across North America, Europe and Asia; the North American species are the chickadees. In the past, most authorities retained Poecile as a subgenus within the genus Parus , but treatment as a distinct genus, initiated by the American Ornithologists Union, is now widely accepted. [1] This is supported by mtDNA cytochrome b sequence analysis. [2]

The genus Poecile was erected by the German naturalist Johann Jakob Kaup in 1829. [3] The type species was subsequently designated as the marsh tit (Poecile palustris) by English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1842. [4] [5] The name Poecile is from Ancient Greek poikilos "colourful". A related word poikilidos denoted an unidentified small bird. [6] It has traditionally been treated as feminine (giving name endings such as cincta); however, this was not specified by the original genus author Johann Jakob Kaup, and under the ICZN the genus name must therefore be treated by default as masculine, giving name endings such as cinctus. [1]

Poecile

White-browed tit (Poecile superciliosus)

Sombre tit (Poecile lugubris)

Grey-headed chickadee (Poecile cinctus)

Chestnut-backed chickadee (Poecile rufescens)

Boreal chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus)

Mexican chickadee (Poecile sclateri)

Carolina chickadee (Poecile carolinensis)

Black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus)

Mountain chickadee (Poecile gambeli)

Père David's tit (Poecile davidi)

Black-bibbed tit (Poecile hypermelaenus)

Marsh tit (Poecile palustris)

Sichuan tit (Poecile weigoldicus)

Caspian tit (Poecile hyrcanus)

Willow tit (Poecile montanus)

Phylogeny of the Poecile based on Tritsch et al. 2017. [7]

Species

The genus includes the following fifteen species: [8]

ImageCommon NameScientific nameDistribution
White-browed tit (cropped).jpg White-browed tit Poecile superciliosuscentral China and Tibet.
Poecile lugubris, Bulgaria 1.jpg Sombre tit Poecile lugubrissoutheast Europe and southwest Asia
Poecile cinctus, Ivalo, Finland 1.jpg Grey-headed chickadee (North American name) or Siberian tit (European name)Poecile cinctussubarctic Scandinavia and northern Asia, and also into North America in Alaska and the far northwest of Canada
Chestnut-backed Chickadee (14580910575).jpg Chestnut-backed chickadee Poecile rufescensPacific Northwest of the United States and western Canada, from southern Alaska to southwestern California
Poecile hudsonicus 18.jpg Boreal chickadee Poecile hudsonicusCanada, Alaska, and northernmost portions of the lower 48 United States
Mexican Chickadee (18189229812).jpg Mexican chickadee Poecile sclateriMexico
Carolina Chickadee1 by Dan Pancamo.jpg Carolina chickadee Poecile carolinensisUnited States from New Jersey west to southern Kansas and south to Florida and Texas
Poecile atricapillus CT3.jpg Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillusAcross North America, from New England to Newfoundland in the east, and from Washington to Alaska in the west
Mountain Chickadee (15241498235).jpg Mountain chickadee Poecile gambeliwestern United States
Père David's tit Poecile davidicentral China in southern Gansu, western Hubei, southern Shaanxi and Sichuan
Black-bibbed Tit.jpg Black-bibbed tit Poecile hypermelaenuscentral and eastern China to southeast Tibet and western Myanmar.
Marsh Tit (Poecile palustris) (16).JPG Marsh tit Poecile palustristemperate Europe and northern Asia
Chuan He Tou Shan Que Si Chuan Ruo Er Gai Ba Xi Tang Jun .jpg Sichuan tit Poecile weigoldicuscentral China
Caspian tit Poecile hyrcanusnorthern Iran, just extending into Azerbaijan.
Poecile montanus kleinschmidti.jpg Willow tit Poecile montanustemperate and subarctic Europe and northern Asia

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Willow tit</span> Species of passerine bird in the tit family Paridae

The willow tit is a passerine bird in the tit family, Paridae. It is a widespread and common resident breeder throughout temperate and subarctic Europe and across the Palearctic. The plumage is grey-brown and off-white with a black cap and bib. It is more of a conifer specialist than the closely related marsh tit, which explains it breeding much further north. It is resident, and most birds do not migrate.

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References

  1. 1 2 Gosler, A.; Clement, P.; Bonan, A. (2019) [2007]. del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Tits and Chickadees (Paridae)" . Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. doi:10.2173/bow.parida1.01. S2CID   216446005 . Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  2. Gill, F.B.; Slikas, B.; Sheldon, F.H. (2005). "Phylogeny of titmice (Paridae): II. Species relationships based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene". Auk. 122 (1): 121–143. doi: 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0121:POTPIS]2.0.CO;2 .
  3. Kaup, Johann Jakob (1829). Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der europäischen Thierwelt (in German). Darmstadt: Carl Wilhelm Leske. p. 114.
  4. Gray (1842). Appendix to a List of the Genera of Birds (2nd ed.). London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 8.
  5. Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 428. ISBN   978-0-9568611-2-2.
  6. Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  7. Tritsch, Christian; Martens, Jochen; Sun, Yue-Hua; Heim, Wieland; Strutzenberger, Patrick; Päckert, Martin (2017). "Improved sampling at the subspecies level solves a taxonomic dilemma – A case study of two enigmatic Chinese tit species (Aves, Passeriformes, Paridae, Poecile)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 107: 538–550. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.014. PMID   27965081.
  8. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Waxwings and their allies, tits & penduline tits". World Bird List Version 6.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 February 2016.