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The 3521 Class were forty tank locomotives designed by William Dean to haul passenger trains on the Great Western Railway. They were introduced as 0-4-2 T locomotives in 1887, but were quickly altered to become 0-4-4 T s to improve their running. Following two serious accidents they were further altered from 1899 to run as 4-4-0 tender locomotives, in which form the last was withdrawn in 1934.
The first twenty locomotives were turned out in 1887 as 0-4-2 T locomotives for services on the 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge lines.
In 1888 a further batch of twenty were ordered as 0-4-2 ST s for the 7 ft 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm) broad gauge lines in Devon and Cornwall.
3521 Class | |||||||||||||
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Only changes are shown |
Due to the unsteady running of the 0-4-2 ST s, the last of the order, 3560, was turned out in August 1889 as a 0-4-4 T bogie side tank. The remainder of the class were altered to a similar layout over the following two years. 3560 was slightly different at this time, having a bogie that was six inches (152 mm) shorter and an overall wheelbase of 20 ft 4 in (6.20 m), rather than the 21 ft 4 in (6.50 m) of the converted locomotives.
3521 Class | |||||||||||||||||||
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The standard gauge 0-4-2 T s were converted to 0-4-4 T s in the same manner as the broad gauge locomotives, which were all eventually converted to standard gauge. By the end of 1892 the whole class of forty locomotives was to one standard design for the first time.
All forty 0-4-4 T locomotives were rebuilt as 4-4-0 tender locomotives between 1899 and 1902. Twenty-six locos retained their parallel domed boilers while fourteen received new Standard No 3 parallel domeless boilers (later replaced by the taper barrel version of that type). [1] [2] (Holcroft states that twenty-six received Standard No 3 boilers.) [3]
Holcroft [4] was of the opinion that the original inside and outside frames were modified whereas Le Fleming [5] was of the opinion that new inside frames would have been required. However as the modification also increased the coupled wheelbase from 7 ft 4 in (2.24 m) to 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m), it is unlikely that much of the original framing was re-used.
Two locomotives, 3521 and 3546, were sold to the Cambrian Railways in August 1921 to replace locomotives destroyed in the Abermule accident. They were allocated Cambrian numbers 82 and 95 respectively but these were never carried, the two locomotives being returned to the Great Western Railway with their original numbers when the two railways were amalgamated at the start of 1922.
The Great Western Railway Pyracmon Class were 0-6-0 broad gauge steam locomotives for goods train work. This class was introduced into service between November 1847 and April 1848, and withdrawn between August 1871 and December 1873. Bacchus was added to the class in May 1849, having been constructed to broadly the same design from spare parts.
The Great Western Railway Iron Duke Class 4-2-2 was a class of 7 ft 1⁄4 in broad gauge steam locomotives for express passenger train work.
The Great Western Railway Sir Watkin Class were 0-6-0T broad gauge steam locomotives. They were designed for working goods trains through to the underground Metropolitan Railway in London. This class was introduced into service between December 1865 and the last was withdrawn at the end of the GWR broad gauge in May 1892. They were all named after directors and senior officers of the railway.
The Great Western Railway Swindon Class were broad gauge 0-6-0 locomotives built for goods train work. This class entered service between November 1865 and March 1866, and were withdrawn between June 1887 and the end of the GWR broad gauge in May 1892. The entire class was sold to the Bristol and Exeter Railway between July 1872 and September 1874 and were numbered 96-109, but returned to the GWR when that railway was absorbed. The locomotives were then renumbered 2077-2090; their names were not restored.
The Dean Single, 3031 Class, or Achilles Class was a type of steam locomotive built by the British Great Western Railway between 1891 and 1899. They were designed by William Dean for passenger work. The first 30 members of the class were built as 2-2-2s of the 3001 Class.
Joseph Armstrong was an English locomotive engineer and the second locomotive superintendent of the Great Western Railway. His younger brother George and one of his sons also became outstanding engineers in the employment of the GWR.
The South Devon Railway 0-4-0 locomotives were small 0-4-0 broad gauge locomotives operated on the South Devon Railway, Cornwall Railway, mainly on the dockside lines around Plymouth.
The ten Buffalo class locomotives were 0-6-0ST broad gauge locomotives operated on the South Devon Railway, Cornwall Railway and West Cornwall Railway. They were designed for goods trains but were also used on passenger trains when required.
The 26 Bristol and Exeter Railway 4-4-0ST locomotives were broad gauge 4-4-0ST steam locomotives. They first entered service in 1855 and the last was withdrawn in 1892. The Bristol and Exeter Railway was amalgamated into the Great Western Railway on 1 January 1876.
The Bristol and Exeter Railway 2-4-0 locomotives were two classes of 2-4-0 broad gauge steam locomotives.
The GWR 3501 Class were ten broad gauge 2-4-0 locomotives built by the Great Western Railway.
The GWR 388 class was a large class of 310 0-6-0 goods locomotives built by the Great Western Railway. They are sometimes referred to as the Armstrong Goods or Armstrong Standard Goods to differentiate from the Gooch Goods and Dean Goods classes, both of which were also large classes of standard goods locomotives.
During the 1880s and 1890s, William Dean constructed a series of experimental locomotives to test various new ideas in locomotive construction for the Great Western Railway.
George Armstrong was an English railway engineer. He was in charge of standard gauge steam locomotives for the Great Western Railway at Stafford Road Works, Wolverhampton, from 1864 to 1897. He was the younger brother of his colleague Joseph Armstrong, but thanks to the special requirements of the GWR at a time when it was split in two by the broad and standard gauges, the brothers were able to work largely independently of each other. George is best remembered for his 0-4-2 and 0-6-0 tank engines; these were long-lived, and even when life-expired they were replaced by Collett and Hawksworth with remarkably similar locomotives, the well-known 1400, 5700 and 1600 classes.
The Daniel Gooch standard gauge locomotives comprise several classes of locomotives designed by Daniel Gooch, Superintendent of Locomotive Engines for the Great Western Railway (GWR) from 1837 to 1864.
Between 1854 when the Shrewsbury and Chester and Shrewsbury and Birmingham Railways were absorbed by the Great Western Railway, and 1864 when he moved south to Swindon Works, Joseph Armstrong occupied the post of the GWR's Locomotive Superintendent, Northern Division, at Wolverhampton Works. For ten years the task of providing new locomotives for the GWR's newly acquired standard gauge lines fell jointly to Armstrong and to his superior Daniel Gooch, the railway's principal Locomotive Superintendent who was based at Paddington.
The GWR 3511 class were standard gauge 2-4-0T locomotives designed by William Dean for the Great Western Railway and built in 1885.
The Cambrian Railways 4-4-0 locomotives consisted of five tender locomotive classes introduced between 1878 and 1921. Three of them were designed for the Cambrian Railways and supplied new, the fourth class was rebuilt from 4-4-0 tank locomotives, and the fifth consisted of secondhand purchases. Altogether 37 4-4-0 locomotives were owned by the Cambrian at one time or another, of which 35 passed to the Great Western Railway (GWR) at the start of 1922. The last was withdrawn in 1933.