List of GWR standard classes with two outside cylinders

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George Jackson Churchward created for the Great Western Railway a family of standard classes of locomotive, based on a limited set of shared dimensions and components, and his principles were followed by his successors. Most of these locomotives had two cylinders, placed outside the frames, and they are listed here, ranging in size from small-wheeled 2-6-2T tank locos to 2-8-0 express freight engines.

Contents

History of standardisation

Standardisation on the GWR started with Daniel Gooch, its first Locomotive Superintendent [lower-alpha 1] , who enforced uniformity on third-party suppliers of parts by issuing lithographed copies of drawings and iron templates to check accurate fitting. This was carried through once the GWR built its own works at Swindon, and standard parts were also shared by different classes of locomotive. Joseph Armstrong (and his brother George) used similar techniques at Wolverhampton, and continued Gooch's policy when he replaced him at Swindon. William Dean, Armstrong's successor, designed (among others) four classes of locomotive, 2-4-0 and 0-6-0 tender and tank engines, which shared many standard components. However, it was Churchward who carried the policy to lengths which made GWR locomotives distinctive and shaped their development until the nationalisation of the railways. [1]

Even before Churchward succeeded Dean as Locomotive Superintendent in 1902, he had in 1901 published a list of proposed new locomotive classes of a revolutionary nature. [2] He began by designing a range of standard components, then constructed a variety of locomotive designs of different sizes and purposes around these items. [3] These locomotives were to have two outside cylinders, inside frames and motion, generous piston valves, and identical left/right cylinder castings, and they shared three coupled wheel sizes, two standard boilers and a single size of leading/trailing wheel. When Churchward took over the job, he began to create prototypes to test and evaluate his ideas, and they were developed into a series of locomotive classes that appeared throughout Churchward's time in office, and were further developed and expanded by both Charles Collett and Frederick Hawksworth, his successors up to the end of the GWR. Indeed, the proposed 4-6-0 with 5 ft 8 in driving wheels did not appear until Collett built the Granges in 1936. Even after the GWR ceased to exist, a new 'class' of Mogul was developed on the West Somerset Railway.

Comparison of locomotive classes

This table summarises the classes that developed from Churchward's proposals. It is simplified in that it suggests the classes were sets of identical engines, whereas the prototypes often differed in some respects from later class members, and there was a constant move to improve the locomotives by changing boilers, enlarging cylinders and tweaking other details of their construction. By and large, the details and dimensions given were common to most members of the class in their final form. The details of Churchward's original proposed locomotives and boilers are shaded; no classes were built to exactly those dimensions. However, the proposed classes will sort adjacent to the most closely matching real classes. The WSR Mogul is shaded pink.

This table does not include

GWR standard classes with two outside cylinders
ClassCMEYearWheel
arrangement		Driving
wheel spacing		Wheel diametersCylindersStandard
boiler no.		Boiler
pressure		Tractive
effort		NumberingRefs
LeadingDrivingTrailingBoreStroke
Proposed 4-6-0Churchward19014-6-03 ft 3 in6 ft 81⁄2 in18 in30 inProp 1 [4] [5]
Proposed 4-6-0Churchward19014-6-03 ft 3 in5 ft 8 in18 in30 inProp 1 [4] [5]
Proposed 4-4-2TChurchward19014-4-2T3 ft 3 in6 ft 81⁄2 in3 ft 3 in18 in30 inProp 2 [4] [5]
Proposed 4-4-0Churchward19014-4-03 ft 3 in6 ft 81⁄2 in18 in30 inProp 2 [4] [5]
Proposed 2-8-0Churchward19012-8-03 ft 3 in4 ft 71⁄2 in18 in30 inProp 1 [4] [5]
Proposed 2-6-2TChurchward19012-6-2T3 ft 3 in5 ft 8 in3 ft 3 in18 in30 inProp 2 [4] [5]
2900 Saint Churchward19024-6-0 [lower-alpha 2] 7 ft / 7 ft 9 in3 ft 2 in6 ft 81⁄2 in181⁄2 in30 in1225 psi24,395 lbf2900-2955; 2971-2990; 2998 [7] [8] [9] [10]
2800, 2884 [lower-alpha 3] Churchward19032-8-05 ft 5 in / 5 ft 5 in / 6 ft3 ft 2 in4 ft 71⁄2 in181⁄2 in30 in1225 psi35,380 lbf28xx, 3800-66 [12] [8] [13] [14]
3100 (1903) Churchward19032-6-2T7 ft / 7 ft 9 in3 ft 2 in5 ft 8 in3 ft 8 in18 in30 in2200 psi24,300 lbf3100, 3111-49; later renumbered 5100, 5111-49 [15] [8]
3800 County Churchward19044-4-08 ft 6 in3 ft 2 in6 ft 81⁄2 in18 in30 in4200 psi20,530 lbf3473-82; renumbered 3800-39 [16] [8] [17]
4400 Churchward19042-6-2T6 ft / 5 ft 6 in3 ft 2 in4 ft 11⁄2 in3 ft 2 in161⁄2 in24 in5180 psi20,195 lbf4400-10 [18] [19]
2221 County Tank Churchward19054-4-2T8 ft 6 in3 ft 2 in6 ft 81⁄2 in3 ft 8 in18 in30 in2200 psi20,530 lbf2221-50 [20] [8] [21]
4500, 4575 [lower-alpha 4] Churchward19062-6-2T5 ft 6 in / 6 ft3 ft 2 in4 ft 71⁄2 in3 ft 2 in17 in24 in5200 psi21,250 lbf2161-90; later renumbered 45xx, 5500-74 [23] [8] [24] [25]
3150 Churchward19062-6-2T7 ft / 7 ft 9 in3 ft 2 in5 ft 8 in3 ft 8 in181⁄2 in30 in4200 psi25,670 lbf3150-90 [26] [8] [27]
4200 Churchward19102-8-0T7 ft / 6 ft / 7 ft3 ft 2 in4 ft 71⁄2 in181⁄2 in30 in4200 psi31,450 lbf42xx, 5200-04 [23] [8] [28]
4300 Mogul Churchward19112-6-07 ft / 7 ft 9 in3 ft 2 in5 ft 8 in181⁄2 in30 in4200 psi25,670 lbf43xx, 53xx, 63xx, 7300-21, 9300-21 [29] [8] [30] [31]
4600 Churchward19134-4-2T7 ft3 ft 2 in5 ft 8 in3 ft 2 in17 in24 in5200 psi18,360 lbf4600 [32]
4700 Churchward19192-8-06 ft 6 in / 6 ft 6 in / 7 ft3 ft 2 in5 ft 8 in19 in30 in7225 psi30,460 lbf4700-08 [33] [8] [34] [35]
5205 Collett19232-8-0T7 ft / 6 ft / 7 ft3 ft 2 in4 ft 71⁄2 in19 in30 in4200 psi33,170 lbf5205-64 [36] [37] [38]
4900 Hall Collett19244-6-07 ft / 7 ft 9 in3 ft6 ft181⁄2 in30 in1225 psi27,275 lbf49xx, 59xx, 6900-58 [39] [8] [40] [41]
5101 Collett19292-6-2T7 ft / 7 ft 9 in3 ft 2 in5 ft 8 in3 ft 8 in18 in30 in2200 psi24,300 lbf5101-10, 5150-99, 4100-79 [42] [8] [43] [44]
6100 Collett19312-6-2T7 ft / 7 ft 9 in3 ft 2 in5 ft 8 in3 ft 8 in18 in30 in2225 psi27,340 lbf6100-69 [45] [8] [43] [46]
7200 Collett19342-8-2T7 ft / 6 ft / 7 ft3 ft 2 in4 ft 71⁄2 in3 ft 8 in19 in30 in4200 psi33,170 lbf7200-53 [47] [8] [48]
6800 Grange Collett19364-6-07 ft / 7 ft 9 in3 ft5 ft 8 in181⁄2 in30 in1225 psi28,875 lbf6800-79 [49] [8] [50] [51]
7800 Manor Collett19384-6-07 ft / 7 ft 9 in3 ft5 ft 8 in18 in30 in14225 psi27,340 lbf7800-19 [52] [8] [53] [54]
8100 Collett19382-6-2T7 ft / 7 ft 9 in3 ft5 ft 6 in3 ft 8 in18 in30 in2225 psi28,165 lbf8100-09 [55] [8] [43] [56]
3100 (1938) Collett19382-6-2T7 ft / 7 ft 9 in3 ft5 ft 3 in3 ft 8 in181⁄2 in30 in4225 psi31,170 lbf3100-04 [55] [8] [27] [57] [58]
6959 Modified Hall Hawksworth19444-6-07 ft / 7 ft 9 in3 ft6 ft181⁄2 in30 in1225 psi27,275 lbf6959-99, 7900-29 [59] [8] [40] [60]
1000 County Hawksworth19454-6-07 ft / 7 ft 9 in3 ft6 ft 3 in181⁄2 in30 in15280 psi32,580 lbf1000-29 [61] [8] [62] [63]
9351 WSR Mogul WSR 20042-6-07 ft / 7 ft 9 in3 ft 2 in5 ft 8 in18 in30 in2200 psi24,300 lbf9351 [64]

List of boilers

The history of GWR boilers is long and complex. This table lists only the principal dimensions of the boilers (including proposed boilers) mentioned in the table of standard classes.

Selected GWR boilers [5]
Boiler numberLengthFirebox lengthRear diameterFront diameter
Prop 115 ft9 ft5 ft
Prop 211 ft 2 in8 ft 8 in5 ft
114 ft 10 in9 ft5 ft 6 in4 ft 11 in
211 ft7 ft5 ft4 ft 5 in
411 ft7 ft5 ft 6 in4 ft 11 in
510 ft 6 in5 ft 10 in4 ft 9 in4 ft 2 in
714 ft 10 in10 ft6 ft5 ft 6 in
1412 ft 6 in8 ft 8 in5 ft 3 in4 ft 8 in
1512 ft 7 in9 ft 9 in5 ft 8 in5 ft

Notes

  1. ↑ Locomotive Superintendent. The office carried various names, changing to Chief Mechanical Engineer during Churchward's tenure.
  2. ↑ Fourteen of the class ran briefly as 4-4-2s to allow comparison with French 4-4-2 compound locomotives [6]
  3. ↑ The 2884 class (built by Collett) differed mainly in having greater weight, outside steam pipes, and better cabs, not in the principal dimensions. [11]
  4. ↑ The 4575 class (built by Collett) differed only in having increased water capacity, not in the principal dimensions. [22]
  1. ↑ Griffiths (1987), pp. 143–5.
  2. ↑ Griffiths (1987), pp. 146–147.
  3. ↑ Gibson (1984), pp. 70–73.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Haresnape (1976), p. 7.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Griffiths (1987), p. 147.
  6. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 27.
  7. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 24.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Griffiths (1987), p. 151.
  9. ↑ GWREngines (1971), 1946 edn., p. 40.
  10. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 129.
  11. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 38.
  12. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 34.
  13. ↑ GWREngines (1971), 1946 edn., p. 62.
  14. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 130,140.
  15. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 42.
  16. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 56.
  17. ↑ GWREngines (1971), 1928 edn., p. 26.
  18. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 54.
  19. ↑ GWRDrawing4400 (1904).
  20. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 60.
  21. ↑ GWREngines (1971), 1928 edn., p. 50.
  22. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 76.
  23. 1 2 Haresnape (1976), p. 72.
  24. ↑ GWREngines (1971), 1946 edn., p. 74.
  25. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 137.
  26. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 45.
  27. 1 2 GWREngines (1971), 1946 edn., p. 70.
  28. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 160.
  29. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 86.
  30. ↑ GWREngines (1971), 1946 edn., p. 61.
  31. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 134,133.
  32. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 94.
  33. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 96.
  34. ↑ GWREngines (1971), 1946 edn., p. 63.
  35. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 138.
  36. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 82.
  37. ↑ GWREngines (1971), 1946 edn., p. 72.
  38. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 162.
  39. ↑ Haresnape (1978), p. 30.
  40. 1 2 GWREngines (1971), 1946 edn., p. 42.
  41. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 144.
  42. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 47.
  43. 1 2 3 GWREngines (1971), 1946 edn., p. 71.
  44. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 148.
  45. ↑ Haresnape (1976), p. 49.
  46. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 136.
  47. ↑ Haresnape (1978), p. 78.
  48. ↑ GWREngines (1971), 1946 edn., p. 73.
  49. ↑ Haresnape (1978), p. 84.
  50. ↑ GWREngines (1971), 1946 edn., p. 46.
  51. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 132.
  52. ↑ Haresnape (1978), p. 88.
  53. ↑ GWREngines (1971), 1946 edn., p. 48.
  54. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 128.
  55. 1 2 Haresnape (1976), p. 52.
  56. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 147.
  57. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 135.
  58. ↑ Holcroft (1957), p. 157.
  59. ↑ Haresnape (1978), p. 93.
  60. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 131.
  61. ↑ Haresnape (1978), p. 98.
  62. ↑ GWREngines (1971), 1946 edn., p. 50.
  63. ↑ Whitehurst (1973), p. 124.
  64. ↑ WSRMogul (2021).

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References

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