GWR 378 Class

Last updated

GWR 378 Class 2-2-2
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
Designer Joseph Armstrong
BuilderGWR, Swindon Works
Order number1st Lot Pass; Lot 19
Serial number69–78; 175–194
Build date1866; 1869
Total produced30
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 •  Whyte 2-2-2
 •  UIC 1'A1'
Gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Leading dia. 4 ft 0 in (1,219 mm)
Driver dia.7 ft 0 in (2,134 mm)
Trailing dia. 4 ft 0 in (1,219 mm)
Wheelbase 16 ft 0 in (4,877 mm)
Adhesive weight 13  long tons  1 cwt (29,200 lb or 13.3 t)
(13.3 t; 14.6 short tons)
Loco weight29 long tons 13 cwt (66,400 lb or 30.1 t)
(30.1 t; 33.2 short tons)
Fuel type Coal
Firebox:​
 • Grate area16.6 sq ft (1.54 m2)
Boiler
  • GWR Sir Daniel
  • GWR Standard Goods
[1]
Boiler pressure140 psi (970 kPa)
Heating surface1,203 sq ft (111.8 m2)
Cylinders Two, inside
Cylinder size 17 in × 24 in (432 mm × 610 mm)
Performance figures
Tractive effort 9,624 lbf (42.81 kN)
Career
Operators Great Western Railway
Number in class30
Numbers378–387; 471–480; 577–586
Official name378 Class
NicknamesSir Daniel
Withdrawn1898–1904
Disposition7 scrapped;
23 rebuilt as 0-6-0

The GWR 378 Class (also known as the Sir Daniel Class) was a class of 30 standard-gauge 2-2-2 steam locomotives on the Great Western Railway in Britain. They were introduced in 1866, and the class remained intact until 1898. Several were altered to the 0-6-0 wheel arrangement, and the last was withdrawn from service in 1920.

Contents

History

Joseph Armstrong designed a class of 2-2-2 standard-gauge passenger locomotives, ten of which were built in 1866 at the Swindon Works of the Great Western Railway (GWR). [2] They were the first standard-gauge passenger tender locomotives to be built at Swindon. [3] In 1869, a further 20 were built, also at Swindon, [2] which differed little from the first 10, although the safety-valve covers were of different shape. [3]

The locomotives were built as follows: [4]

Dates builtSwindon order [note 1] Works nos.QuantityGWR numbers
September–October 18661st Lot Passenger69–7810378–387
June 186919th Lot175–1773471–473
June–August 186919th Lot178–187101112–1121 (later 577–586)
August–September 186919th Lot188–1947474–480

Ten locomotives were numbered 1112–21 when new, [2] in a separate series designated for engines paid for out of receipts as opposed to capital. [6] They were renumbered into the capital list as 577–586 in July or August 1870, [7] [2] when a similar quantity of old 7 ft 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm) broad-gauge engines were taken out of service. [7]

Two of the 378 class were named when new. No. 378 (built 1866) was named Sir Daniel in honour of Sir Daniel Gooch, who had resigned from the GWR in 1864; [8] [9] as a result, the class was sometimes known as the Sir Daniel class. [2] No. 471 (built 1869) was named Sir Watkin, [8] after Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn; [10] the name was taken from a broad-gauge locomotive of the Sir Watkin class, [8] [11] and the latter locomotive may have received the name Wynn in replacement. [11] The name was removed from no. 471 when it was rebuilt as an 0-6-0 in 1901, but no. 378 retained its name until it was withdrawn in 1898. [8]

Two more were named later on. Nos. 380 and 381 received the names North Star and Morning Star respectively, [8] these being the names of the two oldest members of the broad-gauge Star class, which were withdrawn in 1871 and 1869 respectively. [12] Both 380 and 381 lost their names c. 1897. [8]

The Sir Daniels worked expresses from London to Wolverhampton, to Worcester, and northwards, later also working into Somerset, south Wales and elsewhere as the standard gauge spread. As late as 1893 Charles Rous-Marten noted a fine run with one of the class on a principal Cornish express between Exeter and Bristol. [13]

Three of the locomotives – nos. 378, 383 & 479 – were scrapped between 1898 and 1900, but William Dean then began rebuilding the remainder as 0-6-0 goods engines. In 1902, after 23 had been so treated, G.J. Churchward (Dean's successor) decided that no more rebuilding would be carried out, and so nos. 382/6, 478 & 579 were scrapped unaltered in 1903 and 1904. [8]

0-6-0 rebuilds

GWR 378 Class 0-6-0 [note 2]
Type and origin
Designer William Dean
RebuilderGWR, Swindon Works
Rebuild date1900–02
Number rebuilt23
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 •  Whyte 0-6-0
Driver dia.5 ft 2 in (1,575 mm)
Axle load 15  long tons  2 cwt (33,800 lb or 15.3 t)
(15.3 t; 16.9 short tons)
Loco weight34 long tons 5 cwt (76,700 lb or 34.8 t)
(34.8 t; 38.4 short tons)
Water cap.3,000 imp gal (14,000 L)
Performance figures
Tractive effort 14,263 lbf (63.44 kN)
Career
Power class Ungrouped
Axle load class Uncoloured
Withdrawn1903–20
DispositionAll scrapped

Between 1900 and 1902, [14] 23 of the Sir Daniel 2-2-2s were rebuilt as 0-6-0s to a design by William Dean. Apart from the provision of new wheels of 5 ft 2 in (1.575 m) diameter, the only alterations necessary were to the frames. [15]

The 0-6-0 locomotives were withdrawn between 1903 and 1920, [14] the last two (nos. 381 & 474) lasting long enough to be placed in the "ungrouped" power classification and "uncoloured" weight classification in 1919. [15]

Notes

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Originally, Swindon ran separate series of lot numbers for different categories of engines. From 1868, a single series was used for standard gauge locos, beginning at "14th Lot" [5]
  2. ↑ Only changed dimensions shown

Page notes

  1. ↑ Champ, Jim (2018). An Introduction to Great Western Locomotive Development. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Transport. pp. 319, 320. ISBN   978-1-4738-7784-9. OCLC   1029234106. OL   26953051M.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Tabor 1956, p. D9.
  3. 1 2 Tabor 1956, p. D10.
  4. ↑ Tabor 1956, pp. D9, D11.
  5. ↑ Allcock et al. 1951, p. 23.
  6. ↑ Allcock et al. 1951, pp. 7, 8.
  7. 1 2 Allcock et al. 1951, p. 9.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tabor 1956, p. D11.
  9. ↑ Davies 1993, p. P146.
  10. ↑ Davies 1993, p. P147.
  11. 1 2 Reed 1953, p. B29.
  12. ↑ Reed 1953, p. B11.
  13. ↑ Tabor 1956, pp. D11–D12.
  14. 1 2 Tabor 1956, p. D81.
  15. 1 2 Tabor 1956, p. D80.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GWR 3200 Class</span>

The Great Western Railway 3200 Class was a design of 4-4-0 steam locomotive for passenger train work. The nickname for this class, almost universally used at the time these engines were in service, was Dukedog since the locomotives were composed of former Duke Class boilers on Bulldog Class frames. As such they were one of the last standard gauge steam locomotive classes to retain outside frames.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GWR Sir Watkin Class</span>

The Great Western Railway Sir Watkin Class were 0-6-0T broad gauge steam locomotives. They were designed for working goods trains through to the underground Metropolitan Railway in London. This class was introduced into service between December 1865 and the last was withdrawn at the end of the GWR broad gauge in May 1892. They were all named after directors and senior officers of the railway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GWR 2251 Class</span>

The Great Western Railway (GWR) 2251 Class or Collett Goods Class was a class of 0-6-0 steam tender locomotives designed for medium-powered freight. They were introduced in 1930 as a replacement for the earlier Dean Goods 0-6-0s and were built up to 1948.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GWR 5600 Class</span> Steam locomotive

The GWR 5600 Class is a class of 0-6-2T steam locomotive built between 1924 and 1928. They were designed by Charles Collett for the Great Western Railway (GWR), and were introduced into traffic in 1924. After the 1923 grouping, Swindon inherited a large and variable collection of locomotives from historic Welsh railway companies, which did not fit into their standardisation programme. GWR boiler inspectors arrived en masse and either condemned the original locomotives or had them rebuilt. The systematic destruction of many examples of locomotives, most still in serviceable condition, followed, but various were worked alongside 5600 Class.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GWR 2600 Class</span>

The Great Western Railway (GWR) 2600 or Aberdare class was a class of 2-6-0 steam locomotive built between 1900 and 1907. They were a freight and light mineral development of the 3300 Bulldog and 4100 Badminton classes, both 4-4-0 locomotives. Therefore, the design was adapted and became a 2-6-0 type; the resulting locomotives were used for hauling coal trains between Aberdare and Swindon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GWR 4500 Class</span>

The Great Western Railway (GWR) 4500 Class or Small Prairie is a class of 2-6-2T steam locomotives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GWR 2301 Class</span>

The Great Western Railway (GWR) 2301 Class or Dean Goods Class is a class of British 0-6-0 steam locomotives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GWR 3000 Class</span>

The Great Western Railway (GWR) 3000 Class was a class of 2-8-0 steam locomotive consisting of the ex-Railway Operating Division ROD 2-8-0. These were built by North British Locomotive Co. between 1917 and 1918. No examples have been preserved.

The GWR 3501 Class were ten broad gauge 2-4-0 locomotives built by the Great Western Railway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GWR 388 class</span>

The GWR 388 class was a large class of 310 0-6-0 goods locomotives built by the Great Western Railway. They are sometimes referred to as the Armstrong Goods or Armstrong Standard Goods to differentiate from the Gooch Goods and Dean Goods classes, both of which were also large classes of standard goods locomotives.

During the 1880s and 1890s, William Dean constructed a series of experimental locomotives to test various new ideas in locomotive construction for the Great Western Railway.

The GWR 2201 Class was a class of 4 ft 8+1⁄2 instandard gauge2-4-0 steam locomotives built at Swindon Works under the aegis of William Dean for express passenger service on the Great Western Railway. Built in 1881–82, they were numbered 2201 to 2220.

The Daniel Gooch standard gauge locomotives comprise several classes of locomotives designed by Daniel Gooch, Superintendent of Locomotive Engines for the Great Western Railway (GWR) from 1837 to 1864.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GWR Queen Class</span>

The Queen Class was Joseph Armstrong's last class of 2-2-2 express engine for the Great Western Railway, larger than the Sir Daniel Class of about a decade earlier. They worked express trains for almost 30 years, and were in effect the predecessors of the larger Singles of William Dean.

Between 1854 when the Shrewsbury and Chester and Shrewsbury and Birmingham Railways were absorbed by the Great Western Railway, and 1864 when he moved south to Swindon Works, Joseph Armstrong occupied the post of the GWR's Locomotive Superintendent, Northern Division, at Wolverhampton Works. For ten years the task of providing new locomotives for the GWR's newly acquired standard gauge lines fell jointly to Armstrong and to his superior Daniel Gooch, the railway's principal Locomotive Superintendent who was based at Paddington.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GWR 481 Class</span>

The GWR 481 Class was a class of 20 2-4-0 mixed-traffic steam locomotives designed for the Great Western Railway by Joseph Armstrong and built at Swindon Works in 1869. They were similar in size to the 439 Class but differed in appearance, thanks to the flowing lines of their outside frames.

The 806 Class was Joseph Armstrong's last design of 2-4-0 mixed-traffic locomotives for the Great Western Railway, built at Swindon Works in 1873. A further 20 similar locomotives were added by Armstrong's successor William Dean in 1881-2; numbered 2201–2220, these had modern domeless boilers. The class had a similar appearance to the 717 Class but had driving wheels 6 in (152 mm) larger.

The GWR 56 Class were 2-4-0 tender locomotives designed for the Great Western Railway by Joseph Armstrong and built at Swindon Works between 1871 and 1872.

The 3232 Class, 20 2-4-0 locomotives designed by William Dean and built at Swindon Works for the Great Western Railway in 1892–93, were the GWR's last completely new 2-4-0 design. Their number series was 3232–3251.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cambrian Railways Jones Class 89 0-6-0</span>

The Cambrian Railways Class 89s were 0-6-0 tender locomotives introduced by Jones in 1903 for general use over their system, upon grouping they became Great Western Railway class 15 and were reboilered from 1924 onwards with Swindon parts.

References

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.