Grevillea juniperina

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Grevillea juniperina
Grevillea juniperina.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Grevillea
Species:
G. juniperina
Binomial name
Grevillea juniperina

Grevillea juniperina, commonly known as juniper- or juniper-leaf grevillea or prickly spider-flower, is a plant of the family Proteaceae native to eastern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland in Australia. Scottish botanist Robert Brown described the species in 1810, and seven subspecies are recognised. One subspecies, G. j. juniperina, is restricted to Western Sydney and environs and is threatened by loss of habitat and housing development.

Contents

A small, prickly-leaved shrub between 0.2–3 m (0.66–9.84 ft) high, G. juniperina generally grows on clay-based or alluvial soils in eucalypt woodland. The flower heads, known as inflorescences, appear from winter to early summer and are red, orange or yellow. Birds visit and pollinate the flowers. Grevillea juniperina plants are killed by bushfire, regenerating afterwards from seed. Grevillea juniperina adapts readily to cultivation and has been important in horticulture as it is the parent of many popular garden hybrids.

Description

Grevillea juniperina has a spreading or erect habit (growth form) and it grows to between 0.2–3 m (0.66–9.84 ft) in height. The branchlets are thick and sturdy. The prickly leaves are generally stiff and are 0.5–3.5 cm (1⁄4–1+3⁄8 in) long and 0.5–6 mm (1⁄32–1⁄4 in) wide. They are crowded along the stems. Flowering occurs throughout the year, peaking between midwinter and early summer, though it varies between the different subspecies. Subspecies allojohnsonii flowers from September to February, [3] subspecies trinervis flowers from August to December, [4] and subspecies juniperina, amphitricha, sulphurea, villosa and fortis flower in August and September. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] The spider-flower arrangement of the inflorescence has several individual flowers emerging from a central rounded flower head—reminiscent of the legs of a spider. [10] The flowers are red, pink, orange, yellow or greenish, and are mostly terminal—arising on the ends of stems—though they occasionally arise from axillary buds. They are 2.5–3.5 cm (1–1+3⁄8 in) long. [11] [12] The perianth is finely furred on the outside, while the pistil is smooth; it is 1.5–2.7 cm (5⁄8–1+1⁄8 in) long. Flowering is followed by the development of seed pods, each capsule is 10–18 mm (3⁄8–3⁄4 in) long, and releases one or two seeds when ripe. [13] The narrow oval seed is 7.5–12 mm (1⁄4–1⁄2 in) and 2.2–3.3 mm (1⁄16–1⁄8 in) wide, with a swelling at the apex and a short wing. Both surfaces are covered with tiny hairs. [14]

Similar species include the Wingello grevillea ( Grevillea molyneuxii ), which can be distinguished by its prominent midvein on the leaf undersurface, and the red spider-flower ( G. speciosa ), which has wider leaves with lateral veins and longer pistil. [14]

Taxonomy

Low spreading habit of a form growing in Kanangra-Boyd National Park GrevjunMorongCk1.JPG
Low spreading habit of a form growing in Kanangra-Boyd National Park

The type specimen for this species was collected from the Port Jackson area (Sydney district) and was described by botanist Robert Brown in 1810, who gave it the specific epithet juniperina that alludes to its juniper-like foliage. [14] Likewise, it is commonly known as juniper- or juniper-leaf grevillea, as well as prickly spider-flower. [15] The lectotype was selected by Don MacGillivray in 1993 from a collection by George Caley in 1803 11 km (6.8 mi) northwest of Prospect in what is now Sydney's outer western suburbs. Brown placed it in the series Lissostylis in his 1810 work Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen . [16]

English botanist and explorer Allan Cunningham collected what he called Grevillea sulphurea in 1822 near Coxs River in the Bathurst area, where it grew alongside G. rosmarinifolia and G. arenaria subspecies canescens. [17] This was later synonymised with G. juniperina, [17] before being recognised as a distinct subspecies.

George Bentham placed G. juniperina in Section Lissostylis in his 1870 Flora Australiensis . This section has become the Linearifolia group of 45 species of shrub in southeastern Australia. [18] Within this group, G. juniperina is classified in the Speciosa subgroup, five species of bird-pollinated grevilleas found in eastern Australia. The others are G. molyneuxii, G. dimorpha , G. oleoides and G. speciosa. [19]

In 2000, Robert Owen Makinson described seven subspecies of G. juniperina in the Flora of Australia , and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

Subspecies sulphurea hybridises with G. juniperina subsp. trinervis in the southern and western Blue Mountains. [13]

Distribution and habitat

Ecology

Killed by bushfire, Grevillea juniperina regenerates afterwards by seeds that germinate after lying dormant in the soil, [13] stimulated by exposure to heat and smoke. Plants over 1 m (3.3 ft) high produce more seed. Intervals of 10 to 15 years between fires are thought to be most beneficial for the species' survival, as this allows seed numbers to build up in the soil over time. [34] Grevillea juniperina can also colonise disturbed areas, though overgrowth of Bursaria spinosa can negatively impact its spread. [34]

Grevillea juniperina is pollinated by birds, [13] with bees also recorded visiting flowers. [34] The leaves are food for caterpillars of the cyprotus blue butterfly ( Candalides cyprotus ). [35] A springtail species of Australian origin—Calvatomina superba—was found on Grevillea juniperina cultivated at the Lost Gardens of Heligan in Cornwall. [36]

Conservation status

Subspecies juniperina is listed as a vulnerable species on Schedule 2 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 in New South Wales. [5] Its habitat is threatened by housing development, [15] road upgrading, inappropriate fire regimes, weed invasion, rubbish dumping and trampling either by people or cars. [37]

Use in horticulture

'Molonglo' Grevilleajuniperinamolonglo.jpg
'Molonglo'
'New Blood' Grevillea New Blood W155919.jpg
'New Blood'
'Poorinda Queen' Grevillea Poorinda Queen.jpg
'Poorinda Queen'
Grevillea x semperflorens Grevillea x semperflorens.jpg
Grevillea × semperflorens

Allan Cunningham sent seed of G. juniperina to England in 1820; it was grown there the following year. Baron Charles von Hügel grew the species in Vienna in 1831. It has been grown outdoors in southern England, particularly G. juniperina subspecies sulphurea. [14] Grevillea juniperina adapts easily to cultivation and grows in a wide range of soils and aspects in locations with good drainage. [38] Long-flowering, it attracts birds such as honeyeaters with its nectar. The prickly dense foliage is also a good nesting site and shelter, [39] particularly for smaller birds, such as finches. [40] Many forms and hybrids have been commercially propagated and sold, some having more horticultural appeal than others. Low winter temperatures promote more prolific flowering and pruning promotes dense foliage. [14] Plants are readily propagated by cuttings or seed, [41] although propagation by cuttings is required to ensure the new plants have the same characteristics of the parent. [39] Direct contact with the plant may cause a skin rash. [42]

Many cultivars have been selected for horticultural use, either selected forms or hybrids with other Grevillea species. One prominent early breeder was Leo Hodge of W Tree, Victoria. Hodge became interested in breeding grevilleas after finding seedlings in his garden. His first trials involved crossing G. juniperina with G. victoriae, producing G. 'Poorinda Queen', which was the first to flower, followed by G. 'Poorinda Constance', G. 'Poorinda Leane' and G. 'Poorinda Pink Coral' respectively, all in 1952. [43]

Cultivars include:

Related Research Articles

<i>Grevillea</i> Genus of flowering plants

Grevillea, commonly known as spider flowers, is a genus of about 360 species of evergreen flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. Plants in the genus Grevillea are shrubs, rarely trees, with the leaves arranged alternately along the branches, the flowers zygomorphic, arranged in racemes at the ends of branchlets, and the fruit a follicle that splits down one side only, releasing one or two seeds.

<i>Grevillea buxifolia</i> Species of plant of the family Proteaceae from coastal New South Wales, Australia

Grevillea buxifolia, commonly known as grey spider flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae, and is endemic to New South Wales, Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub with elliptic to egg-shaped leaves, and woolly-hairy clusters of rust-coloured to fawn flowers.

<i>Grevillea rosmarinifolia</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales and Victoria, Australia

Grevillea rosmarinifolia, commonly known as rosemary grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia and naturalised in other parts of the country. It is usually an erect, compact to open shrub with linear, narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong leaves with the edges rolled under, and loose clusters of pink to red flowers.

<i>Grevillea alpina</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae from Victoria and southern New South Wales.

The Australian flowering shrub Grevillea alpina has several common names, including mountain grevillea, alpine grevillea, and cat's claws. It is not limited to alpine environments, and in fact is less common at high elevation than low. The species is variable in appearance, with five general forms described: small-flowered, Grampians, Northern Victorian, Goldfields, and Southern Hills forms. It is found in dry forests and woodlands across Victoria and into southern New South Wales. Some forms of the plant are low to the ground, and some become a spreading shrub. The flowers come in many colours, from white to green to shades of red and pink, or a pattern of several colours. The curled flowers are 1 to 3 centimetres in length. It is attractive to nectar-feeding insects and birds.

<i>Grevillea acanthifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Grevillea acanthifolia, commonly known as the Acanthus-leaved grevillea, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a shrub with stiff, prickly, divided leaves and pink to purple "toothbrush" flowers.

<i>Grevillea victoriae</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales and Victoria, Australia

Grevillea victoriae, also known as royal grevillea or mountain grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to mountainous regions of south-eastern continental Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub with elliptic to lance-shaped leaves, and pendulous clusters of red to orange flowers.

<i>Grevillea lavandulacea</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to South Australia and Victoria

Grevillea lavandulacea, commonly known as lavender grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is a prostrate to spreading shrub with linear to elliptic leaves and clusters of pink to red flowers.

<i>Grevillea rhyolitica</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales, Australia

Grevillea rhyolitica, commonly known as Deua grevillea or Deua flame, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern New South Wales. It is a more or less erect shrub with elliptic leaves and hairy red flowers.

<i>Grevillea hookeriana</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea hookeriana, commonly known as red toothbrushes or Hooker's grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spreading to erect shrub, usually with linear leaves or deeply divided leaves with linear lobes, and toothbrush-shaped groups of red, black or yellowish green flowers, the style maroon to black.

<i>Grevillea montis-cole</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Victoria, Australia

Grevillea montis-cole, commonly known as Mount Cole grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to central-western Victoria, Australia. It is a shrub with divided leaves with 5 to 15 lobes, the end lobes more or less triangular to narrowly oblong and sharply-pointed, and clusters of greenish to fawn and dull purplish flowers.

<i>Grevillea laurifolia</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to eastern Australia

Grevillea laurifolia, commonly known as laurel-leaf grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a prostrate, trailing shrub with egg-shaped, heart-shaped or round leaves, and clusters of reddish to deep maroon flowers.

<i>Grevillea willisii</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Victoria, Australia

Grevillea willisii, commonly known as Omeo grevillea or rock grevillea, is species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae, and is endemic to the eastern highlands of Victoria, Australia. It is a spreading to erect shrub with pinnatipartite leaves, the end lobes broadly triangular to oblong and sometimes sharply pointed, and dense clusters of greenish-white to fawn-coloured flowers with a white to cream-coloured style.

<i>Grevillea oxyantha</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales, Australia

Grevillea oxyantha is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub with somewhat silky-hairy branchlets, broadly elliptic to broadly egg-shaped or almost round leaves, and hairy, crimson and pink flowers with a red style.

<i>Grevillea parvula</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Victoria and New South Wales,Australia

Grevillea parvula , commonly known as Genoa grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to an area near the border between New South Wales and Victoria in south-eastern continental Australia. It is a spreading to erect shrub, usually with elliptic leaves, and down-turned clusters of pinkish to red flowers.

<i>Grevillea neurophylla</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Victoria, Australia

Grevillea neurophylla, commonly known as granite grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a spreading to erect shrub with linear leaves, and clusters of white to pale pink flowers with a strongly hooked style.

<i>Grevillea plurijuga</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea plurijuga is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southern Western Australia. It is a prostrate to low-lying or dense mounded to erect shrub with divided leaves with linear lobes and loose clusters of hairy, red or pink flowers.

<i>Grevillea</i> Poorinda Queen Flowering plant cultivar

Grevillea 'Poorinda Queen' is a grevillea cultivar that originates from Australia.

Grevillea nematophylla, commonly known as water bush or silver-leaved water bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is shrub or small tree with simple or pinnatisect leaves, the leaves or lobes linear, and branched, cylindrical clusters of cream-coloured flowers.

<i>Grevillea humilis</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea humilis is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern New South Wales. It is an erect to spreading shrub with narrowly elliptic to more or less linear leaves, and pink or white flowers.

References

  1. ↑ Makinson, R. (2020). "Grevillea juniperina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T113022436A113309445. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T113022436A113309445.en . Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  2. ↑ "Grevillea juniperina". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 Makinson, Robert O. "Grevillea juniperina subsp. allojohnsonii". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  4. 1 2 Makinson, Robert O. "Grevillea juniperina subsp. trinervis". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 Makinson, Robert O. "Grevillea juniperina subsp. juniperina". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 Makinson, Robert O. "Grevillea juniperina subsp. amphitricha". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  7. 1 2 Makinson, Robert O. "Grevillea juniperina subsp. sulphurea". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  8. 1 2 Makinson, Robert O. "Grevillea juniperina subsp. villosa". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  9. 1 2 3 Makinson, Robert O. "Grevillea juniperina subsp. fortis". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  10. ↑ Walters, Brian (September 2013). "Grevillea – Background". ANPSA Plant Guide. Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
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  12. ↑ "Grevillea juniperina". Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.
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  15. 1 2 Fairley, Alan; Moore, Philip (2000). Native Plants of the Sydney District:An Identification Guide (2nd ed.). Kenthurst, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press. p. 168. ISBN   0-7318-1031-7.
  16. ↑ Brown, Robert (1810). Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen (in Latin). London, United Kingdom: Richard Taylor and Company. pp. 376–77. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016.
  17. 1 2 Olde, Peter; Marriott, Neil (1995). The Grevillea Book. Vol. 1. Sydney, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press. pp. 221–22. ISBN   0-86417-326-1.
  18. ↑ Makinson, R.O. (2000). "Linearifolia Group (Grevillea)". Flora of Australia Online. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  19. ↑ Makinson, R.O. (2000). "Speciosa Subgroup (Grevillea)". Flora of Australia Online. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  20. ↑ "Grevillea juniperinasubsp. allojohnsonii". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  21. 1 2 "Grevillea juniperina subsp. allojohnsonii". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  22. ↑ "Grevillea juniperina subsp. amphitricha". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  23. 1 2 "Grevillea juniperina subsp. amphitricha". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  24. ↑ "Grevillea juniperina subsp. fortis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  25. 1 2 "Grevillea juniperina subsp. fortis". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  26. ↑ "Grevillea juniperina subsp. juniperina". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  27. 1 2 "Grevillea juniperina subsp. juniperina". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  28. ↑ "Grevillea juniperina subsp. sulphurea". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  29. 1 2 "Grevillea juniperina subsp. sulphurea". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  30. ↑ "Grevillea juniperina subsp. trinervis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  31. 1 2 "Grevillea juniperina subsp. trinervis". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  32. ↑ "Grevillea juniperina subsp. villosa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  33. 1 2 "Grevillea juniperina subsp. villosa". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  34. 1 2 3 NSW Scientific Committee (7 September 2012). "Juniper-leaved Grevillea – profile". Nature Conservation. Department of Environment and Heritage, New South Wales Government. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  35. ↑ Edwards, E. D.; Newland, J.; Regan, L. (2001). Lepidoptera. Vol. 31: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. p. 136. ISBN   978-0643067004.
  36. ↑ Ardron, Paul A. (2009). Rotherham, Ian (ed.). Exotic and Invasive Plants and Animals. International Urban Ecology Review. Vol. 4. Sheffield, United Kingdom: Wildtrack Publishing. p. 13. ISBN   978-1-904098-16-4.
  37. ↑ NSW Scientific Committee (27 February 2011). "Grevillea juniperina subsp. juniperina (a shrub) – vulnerable species listing". Nature Conservation. Department of Environment and Heritage, New South Wales Government. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
  38. ↑ Greig, Denise (1987). The Australian Gardener's Wildflower Catalogue. Australia: Angus & Robertson. p. 200. ISBN   0207154600.
  39. 1 2 Wrigley & Fagg 1991, pp. 269–70.
  40. ↑ Hagl, Dirk (5 July 2016). "Give your garden over to the birds: Expert tips". The Northern Star. Archived from the original on 6 July 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  41. ↑ Williams, Loretto (1974). Your Australian Garden: No.4 Grevilleas. Sydney, New South Wales: David G. Stead Memorial Research Foundation of Australia. p. 14.
  42. ↑ Apted, John (1988). "Acute contact urticaria from Grevillea juniperina". Contact Dermatitis. 18 (2): 126. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02768.x. ISSN   0105-1873. S2CID   40798925.
  43. 1 2 3 Tully, Pauline (1977). "The Poorinda Grevilleas". Australian Plants. 9 (73): 213–15.
  44. 1 2 3 "Plant Breeders Rights – Database". IP Australia. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  45. ↑ Wrigley & Fagg 1991, p. 209.
  46. ↑ "Grevillea 'Canberra Gem'". List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  47. ↑ "Grevillea 'Canterbury Gold'". List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 5 February 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  48. ↑ "Gold Cluster™ Grevillea juniperina 'H22' PBR". Hortipedia. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  49. ↑ "Grevillea juniperina plant named 'H22'". United States Patent and Trademark Office. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  50. ↑ "Grevillea 'Lunar Light'". Description of Registered Cultivars. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 20 July 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  51. 1 2 3 Wrigley & Fagg 1991, p. 269.
  52. ↑ "Grevillea 'Molonglo'". Description of Registered Cultivars. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  53. ↑ "Genus Species: Grevillea (G.juniperina 'Molonglo' x rhyolitica) Common / Product Name: New Blood". Bushland Flora Wholesale Nursery. Mt Evelyn, Victoria. 2014. Archived from the original on 21 June 2014. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  54. ↑ "Grevillea 'Old Gold'". List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  55. ↑ Wrigley & Fagg 1991, pp. 297–98.
  56. ↑ Turner, R.G; Wasson, Ernie (2001). Botanica: The Illustrated A-Z of Over 10,000 Garden Plants . New York: Barnes and Noble. p.  413. ISBN   0760716420.
  57. ↑ "Grevillea 'Poorinda Adorning'". List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 31 August 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  58. ↑ Wrigley & Fagg 1991, p. 301.
  59. ↑ "Grevillea 'Poorinda Annette'". List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  60. ↑ "Grevillea 'Poorinda Beauty'". List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  61. ↑ "Grevillea 'Poorinda Belinda'". List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  62. ↑ "Grevillea 'Poorinda Constance'". List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  63. ↑ "Grevillea 'Poorinda Jeanie'". List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  64. ↑ "Grevillea 'Poorinda Leane'". List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  65. ↑ "Grevillea 'Poorinda Pink Coral'". List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  66. ↑ "Grevillea 'Poorinda Queen'". List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  67. ↑ "Grevillea 'Poorinda Refrain'". List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  68. ↑ "Grevillea 'Poorinda Signet'". List of Registered Cultivars derived from Australian native flora. Australian Cultivar Registration Authority. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  69. ↑ Cavanagh, Tony. "A Short History of the Cultivation of Grevillea in England". Australian Plants online. Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2014.

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